Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exist in and can be isolated from the bone marrow of adult human being and animals and can be induced to differentiate into different cells.They are easy to be isolated,cultivated,and amplified.They are also less immunogenic in the body and can avoid ethical dispute when applied in transplantation.Studies have shown that BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neural cells under certain conditions in vitro.This article reviewed the recent development in the research on the induction protocols for neural differentiation of BMSCs and the possible mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of laparoscopic adrenalectomy and summarize the experience in laparoscopie adrenalectomy.Methods From August 2002 to March 2007,21 cases of benign adrenal tumors were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopy in this hospital.There were 9 cases of adrenocortical adenoma, 7 cases of primary aldosteronism,3 cases of adenocorticol macronodular hyperplasia,1 case of pheochromccytoma,and 1 case of adrenal gangliocytoma.Results Retroperitoneal laparoscopy was successfully applied in 21 cases.Operating time was between 65 and 130min with an average of 95 min.All patients did not receive blood transfusion and had no obvious complications.Conclusion Laparoscopic adrenalectomy had the advantages of minimal morbidity,mini- mal postoperative discomfort and a short hospital stay,whieh had a good prospect for application in the clinical prac- tice.

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:control group,inflammatory pain group and TLR4 signaling pathway inhibitor epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) group (EGCG group).Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting 50 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the ankle joint cavity of the left hindpaw of rats anesthetized with isoflurane.At 1-3 days after injection of CFA,EGCG 30 μg was intrathecally injected once a day in group EGCG.At 1,3 (30 min after intrathecal injection),5and 7 days after injection of CFA,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured.The ipsilateral L4.5 segments of the spinal cord were removed at 3 days after CFA injcction for determination of TLR4 expression (by Western blot) and contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-oα),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn (by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay).Results Compared with control group,the MWT was significantly decreased and the TWL was shortened at each time point after injection of CFA,the expression of TLR4 in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn were increased in inflammatory pain group (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in EGCG group (P＞0.05).Compared with inflammatory pain group,the MWT was significantly increased and the TWL was prolonged at each time point after injection of CFA,the expression of TLR4 in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated,and contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased in EGCG group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Spinal TLR4 signaling pathway is involved in the development of inflammatory pain in rats.

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic diseases in children.Asthma can not be fully explained by imbalance of Thl/Th2.With the research progress of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell,it has been found that CD4+ CD25+ Treg cell related factors such as forkhead/winged helix transcription factor,heine oxygenase-1,transforming growth factor-?,cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 are closely linked to asthmatic mechanisms.

Adult ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Esophageal Fistula ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male

0.05).Conclusion The immunohistoehemical combination of P504S,PSA,PAP,p63 and 341?E12 is a good adjuvant method to diagnose prostate adenocarcinoma.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of “taller-than-wide sign” of thyroid malignancy in transverse and longitudinal plane using ultrasound.Methods708 thyroid lesions including 302 benign nodules and 406 malignant nodules ( 390 papillary carcinomas,12 medullary carcinomas,4 follicular carcinomas) that were diagnosed at surgery were included in this study.The sensitivity and specificity of “taller-than-wide sign” in transverse (A/TC ≥ 1 ) and longitudinal plane (A/TL ≥ 1 ) were evaluated using ultrasound.All thyroid malignant lesions were divided into three groups according to size of the nodules:group A≤1 cm; group B≤2 cm,group C＞2 cm.The sensitivity of each group was also evaluated.ResultsThe constituent ratio of “taller-than-wide sign” between benign and malignant nodules was significantly different (P＜0.001 ).The differences of sensitivity of A/TL ≥ 1 and A/TC ≥ 1 among three groups were also found( P ＜0.001),and the sensitivity of A/Tc≥1 was higher than A/TL≥1.ConclusionsA/TC≥1 found by ultrasound contributes to differentiate the thyroid carcinoma from benign nodules.For a large thyroid lesion,other indicators are needed to diagnose thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To assess the surgical treatment of iatrogenic biliary strictures. Methods The clinical data of 235 patients with iatrogenic biliary injuries and strictures who had been admitted to our hospital from January 1989 to December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Cholangio-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis (n=182), surgical repair with pediele flap of autogenous tissues (n=34), end-to-end choledocho-choledo-chostomy (n= 12), common bile duct incision and figuration +T-tube drainage ( n =6) and liver transplanta-tion ( n = 1 ) were applied to the patients. Results A total of 189 patients were followed up for 1 to 10 years. The total excellent and good rate was 94.7% (179/189). The recurrence rate of the biliary stricture was 5.3% (10/189), and the main cause of which were biliary cirrhosis, selerosing cholangitis and calculus. One patient with severe biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension died of liver failure postoperatively. Conclusions The cholangio-jejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis is a reliable and effective method. Surgical repair of the bile duet with pedicle flap of autogenous tissues could preserve the function of the sphincter of Oddi, but the long-term effect needs further investigation. Biliary stent is not usually necessary to install. Liver transplantation is efficient for the patients with end stage of biliary diseases caused by biliary stricture.

Objective Precondition is an approach to myocardial protection during ischemia-reper-fusion by inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effect using 99Tcm-syuaptotagmin I (Syt I)-C2A to detect myocardial cell apoptosis in the myocardial is-chemia-repedusion rat model.Methods (1) The C2A domain of Syt I was labeled with 99Tcm using 2-iminothiophene hydrochloride (IT) method.Radiochemical purity was determined with thin layer chroma-tography.The binding activity of radiolabeled protein was assessed using eamptothecin-treated Jurket cells.(2) One group of 6 rats was prepared for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model(A group),and another group of 6 rats was prepared for myocardial ischemia precondition model(B group).99Tcm-Syt I-C2A was injected via the tail vein at a dosage of about 7.4 MBq.At 1h after injection,the rat was sacrificed,and the heart was removed to rinse with saline and dye with triphenyl tetrazolium eoride (TTC).According to the resdt of myocardial dye,theischemic myoeardium was separated from the viable myocardium and weight was measured,and then its radioactivity was determined by gamma counting.The difference of radioactive uptake in the ischemic myocardium between these two group models was compared using percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue(%ID/g)±standard deviation(x±s).SPSS 12.0 was used for data analy-sis,and t-test was used to compare data.Results (1) The radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-Syt I-C2A was (98.90±0.43)%,and the radioactivity in the camptothecin-treated group was (10.99±0.55) folds higher than that of non-treated viable control group.(2)In the ischemia-reperfusion model,the radioactive uptake of 99Tcm-Syt,I-C2A was(2.41±0.32)%ID/g in the ischemic myocardium,and(0.16±O.02)%ID/g in the nomud myocardiunm.However,in the myocardial ischemia precondition model,(0.46±0.05)%ID/g in the isehemic myocardium was measured,and(0.20±0.05)%ID/g in the normal myocardium.Uptake of 99Tcm-Syt I-C2A in ischemic myocrdium showed statistically significant difference (t=8.52,P

Objective To explore the relationship between the endemic arsenism and the liver,renal damage.Methods Some permanent residents were selected as investigated subjects who lived at 3 villages in Datong in Shanxi Province,an arseniasis-endemic areas,These objects were divided into arsenic poisoning and control group on the basis of Diagnosis Standard for Endemic Arsenism(WS/T 211-2001).Then blood and urine samples were collected in the surveyed people.Serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase(ALT)were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as the indicator of the impaired hepatic function.The microdosis albumen (mAlb)and acetylglucosaminidase(NAG)in urine were detected by end-point method and alkaline picric acid as the renal damage indicators.Results A total of 661 people investigated,of which 144 cases were arsenic poisoning patients.The rates of abnormal liver function were significant hisher in arsenic poisoning group[10.42% (15/144)]than that in control[5.22%(27/517)],and both wag significant[X2=5.107,P＜0.05;OR=2.11,95%CI (1.09-4.08)].The geometric mean of mAlb/Ucr was 2.16 mg/g Cr in control,and 2.31 mg/g Cr in arsenic poisoning group,and both was not significant(t=-1.71,P＞0.05).The geometric mean of NAG waft higher in arsenic poisoning group(2.43 U/g Cr)than that in the control(2.22 U/g Cr),and both was significant(t=-3.55, P＜0.05).Conclusions The damage of the liver and renal function were related with endemic arsenism,and NAG is the early indicators suggesting impaired renal function due to endemic arsenism.