Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of sinomenine and sulfasalazine (SASP) in experimental colitis of mice.Methods Seventy SPF grade Kunming mice were evenly divided into seven groups.Except control group,all mice were treated with oxazolone to create experimental colitis model.After modeling,the model group,low dose sinomenine group,high dose sinomenine group,low dose sinomenine combined group,high dose sinomenine combined group and SASP group was gavaged once daily with 0.9％ NaC1 solution 1 mL,40 mg/kg sinomenine,120 mg/kg sinomenine,40 mg/kg sinomenine and 400 mg/kg SASP,120 mg/kg sinomenine and 400 mg/kg SASP and 400 mg/kg SASP alone for seven days.The mouse stool characters,changes in body weight and fecal occult blood were recorded and disease activity index (DAI) was scored.The next day after the end of the intervention,all mice were sacrificed and specimens of the colon were obtained aud injury was scored.The specimens of inflammation part and ulcer site of colon were taken for histological examination and injury scoring.The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5),mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7),Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) at mRNA level were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The t-test was performed for comparison between groups.Results The DAI of low dose sinomenine group,high dose sinomenine group,low dose sinomenine combined group,high dose sinomenine combined group and SASP group was 2.33±0.77,1.03±0.73,2.70±0.67,1.60±0.66 and 2.03±0.79,respectively,the score of injury was 5.50±1.43,4.00±1.49,6.80±1.75,4.80±1.32 and 5.40±1.58,respectively,all were lower than those of model group (3.40±0.66 and 11.40±1.71) and the differences were statistically significant (tDA1 =3.33,7.61,2.34,6.08 and 4.18,t score of injury =8.35,10.31,5.94,9.66 and 8.15 ; all P＜0.05).The score of injury of high dose sinomenine group,high dose sinomenine combined group and SASP group was 1.40 ±± 1.26,1.70 ± 1.06 and 1.80 ± 1.32,respectively,which were lower than that of model group (3.00 ± 1.05) and the differences were statistically significant (t ＝ 3.07,2.75 and 2.25,all P＜0.05).The expression of MKK5,ERKS,MKK7,JNK and NF-κB at mRNA level of SASP group was 24.29±3.40,34.74±3.05,21.34±3.74,18.71±4.12 and 21.68±2.96,respectively,all were lower than those of low dose sinomenine group (51.94±9.16,50.71±11.09,57.98±17.22,55.99±9.65 and 67.41±10.21) and low dose sinomenine combined group (72.03±17.44,119.91±47.26,74.09±21.24,71.83±16.91 and 86.51±18.61).However,those of SASP group were higher than those of high dose sinomenine group (6.53±0.85,17.87±2.74,13.52±2.56,10.41±2.62 and 13.79± 1.43) and high dose sinomenine combined group (16.80±7.15,21.09±3.92,15.81±1.35,14.11±3.10 and 16.62±3.15).All of low dose sinomenine group were higher than those of high dose sinomenine group,all of low dose sinomenine combined group were higher than those of high dose sinomenine combined group,all of low dose sinomenine combined group were higher than those of low dose sinomenine group and all of high dose sinomenine combined group were higher than those of high dose sinomenine group and the differences were statistically significant (tMKK5=8.95,8.49,16.01,2.99,15.61,9.26,3.22 and 4.51,tERK5=4.41,5.69,13.02,12.81,7.82,6.78,4.50 and 2.13,tMKK7 =6.58,7.73,5.80,4.40,8.11,6.32,1.86 and 2.94,tJNK=10.59,7.57,5.37,2.82,13.21,7.57,2.57 and 2.88,tNF-κB =13.60,10.88,7.60,3.70,16.44,11.71,2.85 and 2.59 ; all P＜0.05).Conclusions Sinomenine can efficiently improve the inflammatory reaction in the mouse model of colitis and the mechanism may be related with ERK5,JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways.The higher the dose,the more significant the efficacy.The antagonism may exist between sinomenine and SASP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Ovarian Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Ovary ; physiopathology ; Phytotherapy ; Young Adult

Ventilatory volumes and respiratory flow rate during quiet and rapid respiration were measured in 480 healthy pilots of our Air Force. The mean values were: VE, 9.58?1.74 1/min; MVV, 154.69?19.48 l/min; PIFR, 23.56?4.60 l/min; and FPIFR, 182.388?29.95 l/min.Regression analysis showed that they correlated well with each other as well as with body surface area (BSA), age, sitting height etc. The regression. formulae are Y = 2.97398 + 3.74173X2 for VE, Y = 103.921-0.839956X1 + 44.4811X2 for MVV, Y = 20.2761+0.735782X4 for PIFR, and Y = 99.9757-0.69924X1+ 59.7506X2 for FPIFR, where X1 stands for age, X2 for BSA, and X4 for vital capacity.The above results should provide a valuable physiological basis for designing aircraft oxygen equipment,for laying down the standard of on-board oxygen supply, and for pulmonary functional tests in pilots.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of sevoflurane on short-term memory impairment and the relative synaptic mechanism.MethodsAt 12 h,24 h and 72 h after the mice were exposed to 1.5％ sevoflurane for 1h,the spontaneous alternation and locomotor activity was assessed by Y maze,the short term potentiation (STP) were measured with extracellular recording technique in hippocampal slices.ResultsAt 12h after administration with sevoflurane in vivo,the spontaneous alternation ( (54.7 ± 1.7) ％,P＜0.01 ) and locomotor activity (16.4 ± 1.3,P ＜ 0.01 ) decreased significantly compared with that of control group,and the population spike amplitude after induction of STP ( ( 122.3 ± 13.9) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ) decreased significantly in hippocampal slices,but there was no different at 24h and 72h.After administration with sevoflurane in vitro,the basic ( ( 83.5 ± 8.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) or titanic ( ( 116.5 ± 14.9) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ) population spike amplitude decreased significantly in hippocampal slices,but the amplitude could recovery after wash-out.ConclusionSevoflurane can impair the shortterm memory by suppressing synaptic transmission in the near future but not the long future.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and arterial elasticity in elderly hypertensive patients.Methods 253 subjects were divided into two groups:hypertension group (n=141) and non-hypertension group (n =112).Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (C-FPWV),carotid-radial PWV (C-RPWV),height and weight were determined.Fasting plasma levels of blood glucose (BG),blood lipids,insulin,endothelins (ET),nitric oxide (NO) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed.Results C-FPWV and CRPWV were higher in hypertension group than in non-hypertension group [(11.7±1.9) m/s vs.(9.7±1.1)m/s,(11.7±1.7) m/s vs.(9.4±1.1)m/s,t=8.43 and-6.30,both P＜0.01].Body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),levels of triglyceride (TG),BG,ET,NO and hsCRP,HOMA-IR had significant differences between the two groups (t=-5.27,-4.18,-6.00,6.29,-4.18,-4.86,-3.41,respectively,all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that CFPWV was correlated with SBP,age,DBP,fasting BG,NO,ET,TG,HOMA IR,cholesterol (CHO),hsCRP (r=0.534,0.374,0.340,0.338,-0.306,0.242,0.228,0.225,-0.218,0.178,respectively,all P＜0.05); C-RPWV was correlated with age,DBP,SBP,NO,TG (r=0.312,0.319,0.241,-0.197,0.151,respectively,all P＜0.05).Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that C-FPWV=4.640 + 0.081× HOMA IR+ 0.047× age+0.035×SBP+0.29×TG-0.017×NO+0.014×ET+0.132×hsCRP,r2=0.514; CRPWV=3.161+0.034×age+0.033×DBP+0.313×fastingBG+0.013×ET-0.013×NO,r2=0.390.Conclusions The decreases of arterial elasticity are closely related with endothelial function,insulin resistance,levels of blood lipids and hsCRP in elderly patients with hypertension.

Studying classic cases is one of the applicable methods for student's self-learning,especially at clinical rotation period.Seven-year program pediatric students (2004 grade) from pediatric medical collage,Capital Medical University of China shared classic cases from New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM),reported clinical cases they took part in and summarized their writing of case report.Through these measures,students felt the significance of studying classic cases and noticed that case study played an important role in training of clinical reasoning,multidisciplinary approach,as well as self-learning ability for medical students.

Objective To understand the air microorganisms pollution and the community structure and distribution characteristics of outdoor airborne microbes in Xi'an in autumn.Methods Airborne microbes were sampled by fallen plates method in autumn,2006 in Xi'an at three typical sites,factories region,garden greenbelt region and main traffic region.Results The results showed that the total concentration of airborne microbes at the factories region and garden greenbelt region,main traffic region was 2 500 cfu/m~3,1 354 cfu/m~3 and 4 404 cfu/m~3 respectively.Bacteria and fungal genus were predominant.Gram positive bacteria were much more than Gram negative bacteria.There were 20 genera of bacteria and 8 fungal genus were detected. Micrococcui,Bacillus,Staphylococcus and Pseudornonus were predominant.The most frequently isolated fungal genus were Penicillium,Paecilomces,Cladosporium and Nonsporulatiny mycelia.The community structure of airborne fungal genus and the dominant genus in different function region was significantly different.The distribution characteristic of airborne microbe concentration in different function region was different.The concentration of airborne bacteria was significantly lower in garden greenbelt region than factories region and main traffic region,whereas the concentration of airborne fungi in garden greenbelt region was higher than that in factories region and main traffic region.Conclusion The distribution of the airbome microbes shows a characteristic of time and space,it is affected not only by the environment and pollution,but also by the other factors such as human activities,animals and plants.

Fermentation conditions for the production of spores of Bacillus mucilaginosus mutant 021120 were optimized through the single factor and orthogonal experiments.The results showed that the biomass and formation of spores were obviously affected by carbonate,followed by nitrogen.Addition of CaCO3 and enhancing air flux notably promoted the formation of spores.The optimal culture medium was composed of 2% starch,0.4% Yeast,0.1% K2HPO4,0.1% MgSO4?7H20 and 0.5 %CaCO3,pH7.5.6% of the inoculum prepared with two-stage extensive culture was inoculated into a 70L fermentor.The fermentation was carried out with 2.0~2.5 vvm of air flux at 32℃ for 38~42h,and the spores of 9.80?108 cfu ml-1 was obtained.Under these optimal fermentation conditions,the capsule was successfully controled and the formation of the spores was effectively improved,thus the satisfying bacteial product was obtained.

Objective To establish the biological reference interval of procalcitonin(PCT) applicable for children in Chongqing.Methods Serum PCT level were detected in 120 healthy children with age from 0 to 16 years, including 73 cases of male and 47cases of female children, by using by Maglumi2000 plus PCT analysis system.All data was evaluated according to EP28-A3c document to establish the biological reference interval.Results Data of PCT levels were with non-normal distribution, and without statistical difference between children of different ages and genders(P>0.05).The biological reference interval of PCT was less than or equal to 0.038 μg/L.Conclusion It might be important to establish a usefully biological reference interval in different laboratories with relative detection system, especially for children.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hydromorphone for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after hip replacement in elderly patients.Methods Seventy patients, aged 65-75 yr, weighing 40-70 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , undergoing elective unilateral hip replacement, were randomly divided into either analgesia with hydromorphone group (group H, n =35) or analgesia with fentanyl group (group F, n=35).After a loading dose of 20 μg/kg of hydromorphone was injected at the beginning of skin closure, a PCA pump was connected, and the PCIA solution contained hydromorphone 0.25 mg/kg and tropisetron 10 mg in 120 ml of normal saline in group H.After a loading dose of 1 μg/kg of hydromorphone was injected at the beginning of skin closure, a PCA pump was connected, and the PCIA solution contained fentanyl 25 μg/kg and tropisetron 10 mg in 120 ml of normal saline in group F.The PCA pump was set up with a 0.5 ml bolus dose, a 15 min lockout interval and the background infusion at a rate of 2 ml/h in both groups.Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg was injects intravenously as rescue analgesic, and visual analogue scale score was maintained ≤ 3.The Ramsay sedation score,the number of attempts and the number of tramadol administration were recorded at 24 and 48 h after operation.The adverse effects within 48 h after operation and patient's satisfaction with analgesia were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the Ramsay sedation score, the number of attempts and the number of Tramadol administration between H and F groups.Compared with group F, the incidence of adverse effects such as postoperative nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, drowsiness, urinary retention, was significantly decreased, and the level of satisfaction with analgesia was increased in group H.Conclusion Hydromorphone provides accurate efficacy for PCIA after hip replacement in elderly patients, with fewer adverse effects and higher level of patient' s satisfaction.