Petroleum-field emulsions,which are produced in the process of exploration,production and re-covery,represent a major environmental and processing problem for the petroleum industry.Biological de-mulsifier as a biological agent,will become a novel method of petroleum-field emulsions demulsifier instead of chemical demulsifier for its high efficiency,low cost,high adoptability,environment-friendly,repeated use.A set of high efficiency and convenient method was established to isolate de-emulsification strain and studied on the fermentation conditions of the de-emulsification strains.A de-emulsification strains,isolated from a petroleum-contaminated site,was evaluated for its de-emulsification capabilities using a kero-sene/water model emulsion system keeping stable for more than 200 hours which was mixed by stirring Tween 60-water(0.072%,V/V)and Span 60-oil(0.028%,V/V)at the ratio(oil:water)of 6.5:3.5.We have isolated two strains with high and steady de-emulsification activity by separation and purification,blood-plate test,excluding-oil test and de-emulsifying test.The average de-emulsification rates were more than 80.0% at 24 h.The two strains are both belonging to bacillus by traditional and molecular genetic iden-tification.By optimizing the demulsification bacteria fermentation conditions,the fermentation conditions,which is the most suitable for accumulating the fermentation products,were determined as follows:tem-perature 25?C,stirring speed160 r/min,pH 9,inoculated quantities 20%.When the fermentation conditions were temperature 35?C,stirring speed120 r/min,pH 9,inoculated quantities 2%,the fermentation products appeared the highest activities of demulsification.

The shape and structure of granules are controlled by the granulation process, which is one of the main factors to determine the nature of the solid dosage forms. In this article, three kinds of granules of a traditional Chinese medicine for improving appetite and promoting digestion, namely, Jianwei Granules, were prepared using granulation technologies as pendular granulation, high speed stirring granulation, and fluidized bed granulation and the powder properties of them were investigated. Meanwhile, synchrotron radiation X-ray computed micro tomography (SR-µCT) was applied to quantitatively determine the irregular internal structures of the granules. The three-dimensional (3D) structure models were obtained by 3D reconstruction, which were more accurately to characterize the three-dimensional structures of the particles through the quantitative data. The models were also used to quantitatively compare the structural differences of granules prepared by different granulation processes with the same formula, so as to characterize how the production process plays a role in the pharmaceutical behaviors of the granules. To focus on the irregularity of the particle structure, the box counting method was used to calculate the fractal dimensions of the granules. The results showed that the fractal dimension is more sensitive to reflect the minor differences in the structure features than the conventional parameters, and capable to specifically distinct granules in structure. It is proved that the fractal dimension could quantitatively characterize the structural information of irregular granules. It is the first time suggested by our research that the fractal dimension difference (Df,c) between two fractal dimension parameters, namely, the volume matrix fractal dimension and the surface matrix fractal dimension, is a new index to characterize granules with irregular structures and evaluate the effects of production processes on the structures of granules as a new indicator for the granulating process control and optimization.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fractals ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Synchrotrons ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo discussion the effects of Huoxue components of effective drug in treating unstable angina in patients with blood stasis WBC (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).

METHODone hundred and twenty cases of unstable angina were randomly divided into the conventional therapy group, component compatibility group, Pieces group and Xuesaitong group 4 groups, each with 30 cases. Observation of patients before and after treatment of clinical efficacy, blood lipid indicators and the indicators changes.

RESULTComponent compatibility group after treatment clinical marked improvement in conditions, and the WBC, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, TC, TG levels lower than before treatment, there were significant differences (P < 0.05), and lower than the other three groups After treatment (P < 0.05). And HDL-C after treatment than before treatment increased, there were significant differences (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONHuoxue-effective component compatibility can be effective treatment of unstable angina blood stasis, and could inhibit the inflammatory level.

Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; C-Reactive Protein ; immunology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; immunology ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy difference between segmentation scraping and conventional acupuncture for cervical spondylosis (CS) so as to provide effective treatment method.

METHODSEighty-five cases of cervical type of CS were randomly divided into a scraping group (44 cases) and an acupuncture group (41 cases). The segmentation scraping therapy was used in the scraping group. The scraping group was treated with focusing on scraping the head and joint part of neck and occiput in the upper cervical spine injury, and focusing on scraping the lower section of cervical and shoulder in the lower cervical spine injury, once every seven days, totally for 3 times. In the acupuncture group, Fengchi (GB 20),Wangu (TE 5), Tianzhu (BL 10),Neck-Jiaji (EX-B 2), etc. were selected,once daily,for 15 days. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the immediate analgesic effect after the first treatment and the clinical efficacy was observed after the end of treatment.

RESULTSAfter the first treatment, the score of VAS was decreased significantly in the scaping group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the acupuncture group compared with those before treatment (P > 0.05); the score of VAS in the scaping group after the first treatment was lower than that in the acupuncture group (3.66 +/- 0.74 vs 5.43 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01). Compared with before treatment, the scores of VAS were decreased significantly after treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01), but without significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05); the effective rate was 95.5% (42/44) in the scaping group and 87.8% (36/41) in the acupuncture group, the curative effects were similar (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBoth of scraping and acupuncture therapies have good analgesic effect for cervical spondylosis, and overall effects are similar, but the immediate analgesic effect of scraping thrapy is better than that of conventional acupuncture.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neck Pain ; therapy ; Spondylosis ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Producing mammary gland bioreactor showed great advantage over many years, but the level of transgenic expression was low in transgenic animals and the diversity was more great because of the position effect of transgene and the artificial recombination of the gene elements. Gene targeting based on the principle of gene homologous recombination had been studied and applied, because the transgene could be integrated precisely in the chromosome. This review summary the current status of producing mammary gland bioreactor by the technology of gene targeting and nuclear transfer using the somatic cell lines. These aspects were discussed, including the characteristic and difficulties of gene targeting, the strategies to improve the efficiency of gene targeting, the different features of between the strategy of promoter-trap and the Cre-LoxP system, etc; for the others, how to select the cell lines with the different strategies of gene targeting, how to raise the times of cell lines that was cultured after the gene targeting. Somatic cell nuclear transfer offers new and exciting opportunities in the areas of the gene targeting. However, the field as a whole is still difficult and complex. In this paper, we described recent advances and novel approaches, which resulted in progress during the last year. Key problems hindering further progress are addressed, for example, how to increase the efficiency of nuclear transfer. With the technology of gene targeting and nuclear transfer, it should provide a general way to produce specific genetic changes in several mammalian species. We are clearly at the dawn of a new era in mammalian genetic technology.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology ; methods ; Gene Targeting ; methods ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques

Objective: To study and discuss the application effect of TCM characteristic nursing combined with individualized health education in vertigo multi-specialty integrated diagnosis and treatment platform, and to provide reference basis for clinical research in the future. Methods: From June 2016 to June 2017, 60 patients with vertigo treated by multi-professional integrated diagnosis and treatment platform in our hospital were studied. The subjects of both groups were treated with acupoint application, and were randomly divided into routine group and combined group. There were 30 cases in each group. The routine standardized nursing method was applied to the vertigo multi-specialty integrated diagnosis and treatment platform, and the combined group was applied to the platform based on the routine group, and the application effect of the two groups was compared. Results: The total effective rate of nursing in the observation group was 96.67% (29/30), which was significantly higher than that in the routine group (86.67% (26/30), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²= 4.172, P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the quality of life score before treatment between the two groups (t = 0.178, P > 0.05), but the score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the routine group (t = 4.237, P < 0.05), and the quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the routine group (t = 4.237, P < 0.05). At the same time, the scores of quality of life after treatment in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (t = 9.239, 5.217, P < 0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 96.67% (29/30), which was significantly better than that of the conventional group (83.33% (25/30), and the difference was statistically significant (x = 5.372, P <0.05). After one year of follow-up, the number of recurrences in the observation group was 2, the recurrence rate was 6.67%, the number of recurrences in the conventional group was 6, the recurrence rate was 20.00%, the observation group was superior to the normal group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²= 5.137, P<0.05). Conclusion In the integrated diagnosis and treatment platform of vertigo, the application of TCM nursing combined with individualized health education can improve the nursing effect, improve the patients' quality of life and nursing satisfaction, and reduce the recurrence rate. To provide new theoretical thinking and clinical methods for improving vertigo patients.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in young people under 40 years of age.
Methods The study population was 292 young patients accepting coronary angiography in Fuwai Hospital from July to December 2006, including 272 men and 20 women, with the mean age being 36.7±3.7 years. The diagnosis of CAD was made in the cases presenting ≥50%stenosis in coronary lumen in coronary angiography. Based on the diagnosis, 217 patients (204 men, 13 women) were assigned to CAD group, and 75 (68 men, 7 women) to non-CAD group. Clinical data and metabolic characteristics of the patients were collected and analyzed using t-test,χ2 test, and multinomial logistic regression with SPSS 8.0 software.
Results Most study subjects were current smokers (209/292, 71.6%), and more than half had body mass index (BMI)>24 kg/m2 (230/292, 78.8%) and usually took high-fat diet (162/292, 55.5%). The proportion of heavy smokers (smoking history ≥10 years and ≥20 cigarettes per day) were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non-CAD group [20.7%(45/217) vs. 9.3%(7/75), P=0.015)]. Heavy smoking [odds ratio (OR), 1.89;95%confidence interval (CI), 1.74-2.05], hypertension (OR, 1.56;95%CI, 1.48-1.65), alcohol (OR, 1.37;95%CI, 1.30-1.46), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.37;95%CI, 1.25-1.50), high-fat diet (OR, 1.35;95% CI, 1.28-1.43), and BMI>24 kg/m2 (OR, 1.09;95% CI, 1.03-1.17) were factors related to CAD in the young patients (all P<0.05). Total cholesterol (4.56±1.46 mmol/L vs. 4.09±1.00 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.38±1.11 mmol/L vs. 2.14±0.63 mmol/L), lipoprotein a (134.97±109.70 mg/L vs. 101.58±58.39 mg/L), uric acid (359.89±100.09 μmol/L vs. 336.75±94.36μmol/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (9.98±12.19 mm/hour vs. 4.89±4.92 mm/hour), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (3.42±4.39 mg/L vs. 2.80±3.77 mg/L) and Big endothelin-1 (1.41±1.50 fmol/mL vs. 0.77±1.13 fmol/mL) in plasma were significantly increased in the CAD group compared with the non-CAD group (all P<0.05).
Conclusions Heavy smoking, hypertension, alcohol consumption, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high-fat diet and BMI>24 kg/m2 were significantly related to CAD in patients aged ≤ 40, with heavy smoking presenting the highest OR. Metabolic syndrome and inflammation were also more common in young CAD patients than in non-CAD patients.

BACKGROUNDPost-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction has been implicated as a major cause of fatal outcome in patients who survive initially successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In our previous study, we found that impaired myocardial β-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling is a key mechanism in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and Shen-Fu injection (SFI) can attenuate post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. However, whether SFI can prevent impaired post-resuscitation myocardial β-AR signaling is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of SFI on impaired myocardial β-AR signaling occurring post-resuscitation in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

METHODSVentricular fibrillation was induced electrically in anesthetized male landrace domestic pigs. After 4 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. Sixteen successfully resuscitated pigs were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of either SFI (0.5 ml/min; n = 8) or saline (placebo; n = 8) for 6 hours, beginning 15 minutes after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Hemodynamic and echocardiographic data were recorded. β-AR signaling was assessed at 6 hours after the intervention by measuring myocardial adenylate cyclase activity, β-AR density and β-AR kinase expression.

RESULTSTreatment with SFI produced better maximum rate of left ventricular pressure increase (dp/dt(max)) and maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (-dp/dt(max)), cardiac output, and ejection fraction after ROSC. SFI treatment was also associated with lower myocardial β-adrenergic receptor kinase expression, whereas basal and isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and the total β-AR density were significantly increased in the SFI group when compared with the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONSFI attenuated post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction by preventing impaired myocardial β-AR signaling after CPR.

Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Swine

Objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptional regulation of BHLHB2 gene by the PML-RARα fusion protein in APL cells and reveal the pathogenesis of APL. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression change of BHLHB2 before and after the induction of PML-RARα in PR9 cells, and its expression level after the treatment of ATRA in PR9 and APL patient derived NB4 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based PCR was used to analyze whether the BHLHB2 promoter could be bound by PML-RARα in vivo. A large-scale gene expression profile dataset was used to observe the expression pattern of BHLHB2 in AML. The results showed that the expression level of BHLHB2 was significantly reduced with the induction of PML-RARα and ATRA could reverse this inhibition in both PR9 and NB4 cells and increase the expression of BHLHB2. However, the expression of BHLHB2 could not be induced by ATRA in U937 cells which do not express PML-RARα. Mechanism study revealed that PML-RARα could bound to the promoter of BHLHB2 in vivo to regulate the the expression of BHLHB2. It was found that the expression of BHLHB2 was relatively lower in APL as compared with other subtypes of AML and normal bone marrow cells. It is concluded that BHLHB2 is the target of PML-RARα, and the expression of BHLHB2 is inhibited by PML-RARα through binding to its promoter in APL.
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; U937 Cells

Objective To evaluate the use of gated SPECT in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and the effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) on myocardial perfusion.Methods 99 Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images were performed in 31 HOCM patients before PFSMA and in 15 patients 3-7 d after PTSMA.The images in different left ventricular segments were analysed by using scores.Results In 99Tcm-MIBI images, uptake decreased at the septal regions in 12 HOCM patients (80.0%, 12/15) after PTSMA, 18F-FDG images also showed decreased uptake at the septal regions in 5 HOCM patients (33.3%, 5/15) after PTSMA.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI images might be an important method to evaluate PTSMA results, and 18 F-FDG images showed important value as reference.