Aim To investigate the effect of the GABAA receptor on the analgesia,hypnosis and amnesia induced by GABA in mice.Methods GABA was intracerebroventricularly(icv) injected and securinine,a GABAA receptor antagonist,was intravenously(iv) injected after the GABA intracerebroventricularly injection.Then four techniques including hot-plate test,acetic acid-induced writhing test,awaken test as well as step-through test & step-down test were employed to evaluate the effects on the pain index in hot-plate test(HPPI),the writhing times,the sleeping time(ST) and the latency & the number of errors.Results GABA increased the HPPI and ST,but decreased writhing times and the latency & increased the number of errors in conscious mice;the above effects are dose-dependent.Securinine could antagonize the effects stimulated by GABA.Conclusion GABA lead to analgesia,hypnosis and amnesia.GABAA receptor might be the important target for these effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of levosimendan injection in the treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure.Methods70 patients with acute decompensated heart failure patients were selected from January 2016 to January 2017 in huzhou first people's hospital.35 cases of patients in control group were treated with levosimendan injection, and the other 35 cases of patients in experimental group was treated with dobutamine.BNP, 24 hourly urine volume, LVEF and SV were detected and the systemic clinical conditions were assessed both before and after the treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, all indexes of two groups were better than before(P<0.05).The extent of improvement of systemic symptoms and relevant indicators such as BNP, 24 hourly urine, LVEF and SV in experimental group was larger than that in control group (P<0.05).Adverse reaction rate of experimental group was 16.7%, and adverse reaction rate of control group was 43.8%, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionLevosimendan injection can relieve symptoms of patients with acute decompensated heart failure,and it has less adverse reactions.

Objective To study the regulation of microRNA 199a (miR-199a) on adhesion,migration and invasion ability of human eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESC) from patients with endometriosis.Methods ESC were transfected with miR-199a mimics or negative control (NC) RNA by lipofectamine 2000.The adhesion,migration and invasion ability of ESC were detected by cell adhesion assay,scratch assay,cell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay,respectively.Luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate whether IKKβ was the target gene of miR-199a.The expression of ikappa B kinase beta (IKKβ),inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκB-α),phospho-IκB-α (p-IκB-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF κB) protein were measured by western blot.Results ( 1 ) Adhesion potential:the adhesion inhibitory rates were ( 14 ± 4 )％ in miR-199a group and 0 in control group,which showed significant difference (P＜0.01 ).(2) Migration and invasion:in the scratch assay,ESC transfected with miR-199a exhibited a lower scratch closure rate than that of controls.In migration and invasion assays,the migration and invasion ability of miR-199a group were significantly decreased compared with those of NC group [ 130 ± 31 vs.247±36 (P＜0.01); 63 ± 15 vs.133 ± 17 (P＜0.01),respectively].(3) The luciferase activity of miR-199a group was significantly lowered than that of control group [ 0.160 ± 0.006 vs.0.383 ± 0.083 ( P ＜0.01 ) ].The protein levels of IKKβ,p-IκB-α,IκB-α and NF-κB of 0.350 ±0.195,0.443 ±0.076,1.970 ±0.486 and 0.454 ± 0.147 in miR-199a group were significantly different compared with the NC group in which the protein levels were set at 1.000 ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions miR-199a can inhibit the adhesion,migration and invasion of the ESC.IKKβ is the target gene of miR-199a in ESC.One of the mechanisms of the inhibition effect is probably that miR-199a inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IKKβ gene.

Objective To study the effect of local mild hypothermia on the expression of matrix metallopro- teinases-2/9 (MMP-2/9) and brain edema in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rat. Methods One hundred and forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normothermia sham-operation (NSO) group ( n = 15 ), a normothermia intracerebral hemorrhage (NICH) group (n = 75 ) and a mild hypotbermia intracerebral hemor- rhage (MHICH) group (n = 75). Autologous arterial blood was stereotaxically injected into the right caudate nucleus of the rats of the NICH and MHICH groups to make intracerebral hemorrhage model. The rats in the MHICH group were then subjected to 4 hours of local mild hypothermia, while those in the NICH group were under the room temper- ature. The brain water content, permeability of brain-blood barrier (BBB) and expressions of MMP-2/9 were meas- ured by immunohistochemistry method at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 5 d and 7 d after operation. Results In NICH group, the brain water content, permeability of BBB and expression of MMP-9 all began to increase at 6 h and peaked at 3 d after injection of blood and still higher than the NSO group at 7 d. The expression of MMP-2 only began to increase little at 24 h and peaked at 5 d after operation and remained highly expressed at 7 d. In the MHICH group, the chan- ges of brain water content, permeability of BBB and expression of MMP-9 were similar to those of the NICH group, but the extent of changes was significantly lower at the every time point. In NICH group and MHICH group, MMP-9 expression was positively correlated with both the brain water content and the permeability of BBB, but MMP-2 ex- pression was not correlated with them. Conclusion Mild hypothermia might protect BBB against injury caused by ICH and relieve brain edema and inflammation reaction through inhibiting the expression of MMP-2/9.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis on traditional Chinese medicine and formula components can be made by chemical and instrumental analysis methods. Of both, the instrumental analysis methods play a dominant role, including HPLC, HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, GC, GC-MS, biochemical and biological effect. But because traditional Chinese medicines and formula have complicated components, chemical methods are so unspecific that they shall be used less or with caution. While instrumental analysis methods are so specific that they are appropriate for analyzing complicated single component. The analysis techniques for multiple components of traditional Chinese medicines and formula focus on fingerprints, but all of these analysis techniques are limited by the pre-requisite of separation and the lack of general-purpose detectors and therefore being hard to realize the determination of all components of traditional Chinese medicines and formula. In the natural world, however, organisms identify native and alien components through specificity and non-specificity of clusters decided by antigens and antibodies. For example, components of traditional Chinese medicines are directly or indirectly synthesized into antigens and injected into animals, in order to generate specific antibodies and then collect cross reaction information of these components to specific antibodies. As for components without cross reaction, their contents shall be directly read out on the basis of the inhibition rate curve of competitive reaction for specificity of antigens and antibodies. Besides, a cross inhibition rate matrix shall be established first, and them a multiple regression linear equation between cross component concentration or concentration logarithm and inhibition rate by labeling the immunity competitive reaction between antibodies and haptens of traditional Chinese medicine and compound components, and then solved to obtain concentration of each component. The two results are combined to establish the synthetic immunity chip method for traditional Chinese medicine and formula components.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; chemistry

Objective To explore the relationship between free fatty acid(FFA)composition and other glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS)in community. Methods Serum FFA profile was measured with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in 158 patients with varied metabolic syndrome components(MSC),including 61 with MS and 97 at high-risk for MS,and 43 control subjects,with diagnostic criteria by the International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Results Patients with MS had higher parameters of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)and n6PUFA,as compared to the patients at high risk and normal subjects(P0.05). Among the high-risk group,those with diabetes had increased linoleic acid,n6PUFA and total fatty acid (TFA),and decreased saturated fatty acid(SFA)/TFA,as compared to those without diabetes(P

Curcumin has a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical properties such as antitumor, antioxidant, antiamyloid, and anti-inflammatory activity. However, poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are major challenge in its development as a useful drug. To overcome many of these problems, curcumin-loaded long-circulating liposomes (Cur-LCL) were prepared by the ethanol injection method. Morphology of Cur-LCL was observed by transmission electron microscope, mean particle size and Zeta potential were detected by laser particle size analyzer, entrapment efficiency and drug loading were evaluated by ultracentrifugation. The drug release behavior in vitro and pharmacokinetic behavior in rats of Cur-LCL were investigated with curcumin (Cur) and curcumin liposomes (Cur-Lips) as control. The results showed that the mean diameter of Cur-LCL was 110 nm, the Zeta potential was -5.8 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of Cur-LCL was 80.25%, 2.06%, respectively. The release behavior in vitro studied by dialysis in PBS buffer showed significant sustained release profile that 48.95% Cur were released from Cur-LCL in 7 h, 88.92% in 24 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that compared with Cur and Cur-Lips, the t(1/2beta) of Cur-LCL was extended to 13 and 1.8-fold, respectively. Besides, the AUC values was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the clearance was evidently decreased (P < 0.01). These results from in vitro and in vivo indicated that Cur-LCL were able to realize controlled drug release and increase circulation time.
Animals ; Curcumin ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Male ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility

This article summarized the overview of diagnosis related groups (DRGs), the necessity of comprehensively popularizing and applying DRGs in specialized hospitals and general hospitals, the different methods and effects of nursing human resource allocation based on DRGs in specialized hospitals and general hospitals at home and abroad, and analyzed the different challenges and opportunities faced by DRGs in the implementation of human resource allocation in two types of hospitals. According to the types and characteristics of hospitals, this paper put forward some corresponding suggestions and prospects for the future, such as intelligent human resource prediction system and the construction of information sharing platform, so as to provide reference for the comprehensive promotion of DRGs in different types of hospitals in China.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acute ureteroscopy for the treatment of ureterie stones during middle and late pregnancy.Methods From June 1998 to March 2005,17 pregnant women(mean age,27 years;age range,21-35 years)with ureteric stones were treated by ureteroscopy when the fetus was at 20-36 weeks of gestation(mean,29 weeks).All the cases presented with urgent symptoms such as recurrent renal colic(11 cases),fever(4)or acute obstructive anuria(2).Among 17 cases,the stones(between 6 mm?7 mm and 13 mm?21 mm)were located in the upper(8 cases),middle(5)or lower ureter(4);and on the left side(5 eases),on the right(10)and on both(2)of the lower ureter. Mild hydronephrosis were observed in 6 cases and moderate hydronephrosis in 11,Of the 17 cases,14 under- went ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy;in 1 case the calculi were pushed to the renal pelvis;and 2 cases were treated by Double-J catheter drainage.Results All the urgent symptoms in 17 cases were relieved after treatment.The stone-free rate of initial treatment was 82.4%(14 of 17).Three cases with residual stones were treated by Douhle-J catheters,which were replaced every 3 months until the calculi were re- moved.No abortion,premature delivery or complications such as ureter perforation occurred.Mild renal colic occurred in 1 case after insertion of Douhle-J catheter,and it was relieved 3d later;gross hematuria occurred in l case and disappeared 6 d later without treatment.All 17 patients had normal delivery and gave birth to healthy children.Conclusions Ureteroscopy is a safe and reliable method for the treatment of ureteric calculi during middle and late pregnancy.

Objective To study the effect of early entreat nutrition (EN) standardized treatment on optimization of blood glucose control and prognosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients with mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods Forty-two patients with MV of ARDS admitted to Huzhou First Municipal People's Hospital from April 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled. April 1st, 2016 was taken as the time node, the patients treated from April 1st, 2015 to March 31st, 2016 were assigned in the control group (n = 20), while the patients treated from April 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2017 were included in the experimental group (n = 22). The patients in experimental group were given conventional treatment, in 24-48 hours after admission gastrointestinal decompression was stopped and early EN was begun through a nasointestinal tube; the patients in control group received conventional treatment and routine EN (given 48 hours after admission). The differences in nutritional support indexes, the blood glucose variability indexes and the prognostic related indicators were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the initiation time for EN tolerance, first defecation time, time of reaching target feeding amount were significantly earlier in the early EN standardized treatment process management [time of initial EN tolerance (hours): 106.82±42.84 vs. 157.29±56.76, first defecation time (hours): 71.29±23.43 vs. 104.69±26.94, time of reaching target feeding amount (days): 6.24±1.25 vs. 9.86±2.36], the proportions of EN/EN+parenteral nutrition (PN) and the nasointestinal tube feeding reaching the standard on 7 days in experimental group were significantly increased [the proportion of EN/EN+PN:98.69% vs. 78.69%, the nasointestinal tube feeding reaching standard: 68.18% (15/22) vs. 45.00% (9/20)], average level of blood glucose (GLUave), maximum value of blood glucose (GLUmax), standard deviation of blood glucose (GLUsd), coefficient of variation of blood glucose (GLUcv), hyperglycemia incidence, incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), 28-day mortality were significantly decreased [GLUave (mmol/L): 9.4±2.6 vs. 11.5±3.9, GLUmax (mmol/L): 14.19±2.36 vs. 16.26±4.89, GLUsd (mmol/L): 4.86±1.27 vs. 6.87±2.46, GLUcv: (49.86±6.32)% vs. (59.95±5.81)%, hyperglycemia incidence: 59.09% (13/22) vs. 80.00% (16/20), incidence of MODS: 59.09% (13/22) vs. 80.00% (16/20), 28-day mortality: 36.36% (8/22) vs. 45.00% (9/20)], minimum value of blood glucose (GLUmin) was significantly increased (mmol/L: 5.86±2.32 vs. 4.18±1.86), invasive MV time was significantly shorted (hours:156.82±26.84 vs. 169.93±32.34) with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Early EN could also improve the patient's pulmonary oxygenation function. Since 9 days of disease course, the oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 256.97±18.63 vs. 239.82±21.72, P = 0.068], but there was no significant difference in the length of ICU stay (days: 13.9±3.6 vs. 14.8±3.4, P > 0.05). Conclusion The early EN standardized treatment process management can improve the nutritional status, decrease blood sugar fluctuations, and further benefit the improvement of the prognosis of ARDS patients with MV.