Objective To discuss the opportunity of hemilateral craniotomy in treatment of a large area combined middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction.Methods Thirty-two patients with a large area combined MCA infarction were performed by hemilateral craniotomy.Initial clinical presentation was evaluated by the Glasgow coma scale(GCS).All survivors were assessed three months after surgical decompression according to Barthel index(BI).The effects of pre-hemia decompressive surgery(before any signs of cerebral hernia,based on clinical status and CT or DWI findings)versus post-hernia surgery (after signs of hernia) on mortality,functional outcome.Results In 18 patients with pre-hernia decompressive surgery,3 patients (16.7%)were dead and average BI was (66.94±7.75)scores.The mortality was 57.1%(8/14)and average BI was (38.43±9.82)scores of post-hernia surgery with 3 cases severe aphasia.Conclusion Hemilateral craniotamy is performed before occurrence of cerebral hernia may decrease the mortality and improve outcome in these patients.

Objective To investigate the etiopathogenesis of exertional heat stroke(EHS)induced by military training of those patients admitted in military hospitals,and analyze the influence of EHS as a predisposing factor on prognosis.Methods Eighteen patients with EHS were admitted in 6 military hospitals from Sep.1995 to Aug.2007,their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.All cases were evaluated according to Minard's EHS predisposing factors including the individual's physiologic limitations,environmental conditions and the organizational predisposing factors.According to the final treatment outcome,18 cases of EHS were divided into fatal group(Group F)and survival group(Group S).The significance of deviation on the predisposing factors,and of the differences on the accumulated predisposing factors between the two groups,was analyzed.Results All the 18 cases of EHS occurred after military training,and complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Hyposthenia,excessive physical efficiency training,incorrect disease classification to the patients,and inappropriate diagnosis and treatment were found to be the strong predictors to a grave prognosis.The effect of accumulated predisposing factors of EHS in group F was significantly higher than that in group S(10.0?1.41 vs 5.64?1.96,P

Objective To study the effect of ischemia reperfusion(IR) on electrophysiological function of sinoatrial node(SAN) in rabbits. Methods Ninety healthy adult rabbits were divided randomly into control group, ischemia groups (I) 10(I10 min), 30(I30 min), 60(I60 min) and 120 min(I120 min) and IR groups (10, 30, 60 and 120 min ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion respectively)(I10 minR4 h, I30 minR4 h, I60 minR4 h and I120 minR4 h). There were 10 rabbits in the control group and each subgroup. IR injury model of SAN was established by occluding and loosening the start section of right coronary artery(RCA). The changes of AA interval and arrhythmia were recorded by electrocardiography and cardiac chamber electrography synchronously. Results ① There was no significant difference in AA interval between different time points in the control group. ② Sinus arrest(SA), sinus bradycardia with arrhythmia(SB), or atrial tachyarrhythmia(AT) were found in 51 rabbits (63.75%) out of 80 rabbits in I and IR groups in ischemic period. The incidence rate of arrhythmia increased in a time dependent manner. The AA intervals also increased by at least 40 ms in 54 rabbits (67.5%). ③ Sinus or atrial arrhythmia during ischemic period was found in 26 out of the 40 rabbits in IR group, but 15 returned normal after reperfusion. ④ Increased AA intervals were found in 27 out of the 40 rabbits in IR group during ischemic period. Most of them recovered to pre occlusion level within 10 min after reperfusion, but the AA intervals prolonged again in I60 minR4 h and I120 minR4 h groups as the reperfusion elongated. Conclusion ① These findings suggest that about 2/3 of the rabbit sinus node arteries may stem from right coronary artery. ② Electrophysiological changes due to ischemia of SAN resemble the electrocardiogram of sick sinoatrial node syndrome. ③ Reperfusion arrhythmia can be induced by reperfusion after a long time of ischemia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and clarify the key surgical techniques and evaluate clinical effectiveness of modular cementless femoral stems(LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to December 2013, 470 patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital received revision hip arthroplasties using MP stems. Among them, 246 patients were followed for an average of 5.7 years (ranged, 0.5 to 11 years). There were 148 males and 98 females, with an average age of 62.5 years old (ranged from 26 to 83 years old). The most common reason for revision was aseptic loosening of femoral stems (107 cases, 43.5%), followed by prosthetic joint infection (104 cases, 42.3%). Other reasons included unexplained hip or thigh pain, periprosthetic femoral fracture, prosthesis wear and dislocation. According to Paprosky classification of femoral deficiency, there were 171 cases of type IIIA (69.5%), 14 cases of type I, 39 cases of type II, and 22 cases of type IIIB. The average preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 37.4 ± 7.5. In addition, radiographic presentation, degree of patients' subjective satisfaction, and clinical effectiveness were assessed as well.

RESULTSThe average Harris score was im- proved to 87.8 ± 4.2 after operation,with significant statistical difference when compared to preoperative score (t = 92.13,P = 0.00). Analysis of patients' subjective satisfaction for leg length discrepancy, stability and overall degree of satisfaction showed that the number of patients with great satisfaction were 27, 60, 61 respectively. The most common complication was the periprosthetic fracture (intraoperatively 21 cases and postoperatively 8 cases). Other complications included infection (7 cases), dislocation (5 cases), numbness possibly caused by incomplete sciatic nerve injury (6 cases) and thigh swelling (3 cases). The X-ray taken at the final follow-up revealed that prosthesis subsidence occurred in 4 cases, 2 of which needed a second revision.

CONCLUSIONThe application of modular cementless femoral stems (LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty (especially in cases with the serious defect of proximal femoral bone) shows good results at both the short-term and long-term follow-up, especially in the revision for prosthetic infection with the high success rate. In order to avoid complications and improve clinical outcomes,the surgeons should carefully select proper surgery candidates,perform the procedure with care, and master the key surgical techniques.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of the patients of xerosis conjunctivitis with liver and kidney yin deficiency among the combined therapy of acupuncture and Shi's manipulation, common acupuncture and artificial tears therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and eight patients were randomized into an acupuncture group, a SHI's manipulation group and an artificial tears group, 36 cases in each group. A total of 15 cases dropped out before the end of the study, including 4 cases in the acupuncture group, 6 cases in the SHI's manipulation group, and 5 cases in the artificial tears group. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Jingming (BL 1) and Qiuhou (EX-HN 7) on the affected side, and the bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The needles were retained for 20 min. In the SHI's manipulation group, on the basis of the treatment as the acupuncture group, Shuigou (GV26) was added and stimulated with SHI's acupuncture manipulation. In these two groups, acupuncture was given 3 times a week totally for 3 weeks. In the artificial tears group, sodium hyaluronate eye drops were used, 5 times a day, for 3 weeks totally. Separately, before treatment, at the moment after the 1st treatment and 3 weeks after treatment, the subjective symptom score, Schirmer I test, breakup time (BUT) of tear film were observed in each group.

RESULTS(1) Subjective symptom score: at the moment after the 1st treatment and 3 weeks after treatment, the scores in each group were all reduced significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). At the moment after the 1st treatment, the score in the SHI's manipulation group and the artificial tears group was reduced apparently as compared with that in the acupuncture group (both P < 0.05). In 3 weeks of treatment, the score in the SHI's manipulation group was reduced apparently as compared with the acupuncture group and the artificial tears group (both P < 0.05). (2) For Schirmer I test, at the moment of the 1st treatment, the result in the SHI's manipulation group and the artificial tears group was improved significantly as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.05). In 3 weeks of treatment, the result in the acupuncture group and the SHI's manipulation group group was improved significantly as compared with that before treatment (both P < 0.05). At the moment of the 1st treatment, the result in the artificial tears group was improved significantly as compared with the acupuncture group and the SHI's manipulation group (both P < 0.05). In 3 weeks of treatment, the result in the acupuncture group and the SHI's manipulation group was better than that in the artifi-cial tears group separately (both P < 0.05). (3) For BUT, the result in the acupuncture group and the SHI's manipulation group was prolonged significantly as compared with that before treatment and was prolonged apparently as compared with that in the artificial tears group (both P < 0.05) in 3 weeks of treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe intervention of SHI's acupuncture manipulation relieves the subjective symptoms of xerosis conjunctivitis of liver and kidney yin deficiency and achieves the same efficacy as the common acupuncture and artificial tears treatment. It does not present the apparent advantages as the common acupuncture in the short term for promoting the tear secretion and tears film repair.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Conjunctivitis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Yin Deficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Young Adult

The clinical and experimental publish literatures of the traditional acupuncture treatment for xerophthalmia were review and selected, and the acupoints and outcomes index were analyzed. The clinical studies demonstrated that acupoints around eyes, head and face were mainly coordinated with Zangfu organs and meridians; and the experimental studies showed the effect of acupuncture work through stimulation of the lacrimal gland secretion, repairing lacrimal gland structure, inhibition of apoptosis to increase the flow of tears, extending the breakup time of lacrimal film, and relieving eye related symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To explore the treatment measure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation.METHODS The clinical data of 78 cases of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The incidence of pulmonary infection in this group of patients was 48.8%.The mean onset time of the first pulmonary infection after operation was(9.56?5.53)days after surgery.Forty four patients were diagnosed as right pneumonia,14 as left pneumonia,and 20 bilateral pneumonia.Long operation time,mechanical ventilatory time,abdominal bleeding,intraoperative total fluid perfusion and renal dysfunction after liver transplantation were risk factors of pulmonary infection.87.2% Of these patients improved,and 12.8% died.CONCLUSIONS The mortality of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation is high.Bacteria and fungi are the major pathogens.The key of prevention and cure of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation wis included of cutting down operation time,lessening abdominal bleeding,controlling intraoperative fluid perfusion,extubating as soon as possible,protecting renal dysfunction and raising pathogeny to check.

Objective To explore the expression of cardiotrophin-1(CT-1) in myocardium and peripheral blood plasma of neonatal rat with asphyxia and the regulative effect of neuregulin-1(NRG-1).Methods Ninety seven-day-old neonatal rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:asphyxia group (n=40),normal control group (n=10)and NRG-1 pretreatment group (n=40).The model of neonatal rat with asphyxia was prepared by the way of ligation of carotid combined with low supply of oxygen.NRG-1(1 mg/kg) was given to NRG-1 pretreatment group by intraperitoneal injection 30 min before asphyxia.The separated plasma of peripheral blood and myocardium antetheca of aortic ventricle of heart were taken at the time point of 6,12,24 and 48 h.The expression of CT-1 in peripheral blood plasma was detected by enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay,and that of myocardium was determined by Western blot.Results The expressions of CT-1 protein in peripheral blood plasma of asphyxia group were significantly higher than those of normal control group at each time point,and reached the peak at 24 h(Pa

BACKGROUNDEdaravone had been validated to effectively protect against ischemic injuries. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of edaravone by observing the effects on anti-apoptosis, regulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression and recovering from damage to mitochondria after OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation)-reperfusion.

METHODSViability of PC12 cells which were injured at different time of OGD injury, was quantified by measuring MTT (2-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) staining. In addition, PC12 cells' viability was also quantified after their preincubation in different concentration of edaravone for 30 min followed by (OGD). Furthermore, apoptotic population of PC12 cells that reinsulted from OGD-reperfusion with or without preincubation with edaravone was determined by flow cytometer analysis, electron microscope and Hoechst/PI staining. Finally, change of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) The viability of PC12 cells decreased with time (1 - 12 h) after OGD. We regarded the model of OGD 2 h, then replacing DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) for another 24 h as an OGD-reperfusion in this research. Furthermore, most PC12 cells were in the state of apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion. (2) The viability of PC12 cells preincubated with edaravone at high concentrations (1, 0.1, 0.01 micromol/L) increased significantly with edaravone protecting PC12 cells from apoptosis after OGD-reperfusion injury. (3) Furthermore, edaravone attenuates the damage of OGD-reperfusion on mitochondria and regulated Bcl-2/Bax protein imbalance expression after OGD-reperfusion.

CONCLUSIONNeuroprotective effects of edaravone on ischemic or other brain injuries may be partly mediated through inhibition of Bcl-2/Bax apoptotic pathways by recovering from the damage of mitochondria.

Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore the protective effect of baicalin against rotenone-induced injury on PC12 cells, and the po-tential mechanism of action action was also explored.

METHODPC12 cells were injured by rotenone and were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 μmol x L(-1)) of baicalin at the same time. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT, and morphology was observed by phase-contrast microscopy. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The intracellular ROS level was determined by fluorescence microscope with DCF-DA staining. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 was analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTThe viability of PC12 cells exposure to rotenone for 24 hour was gradually decreased with dose escalating and 1.5 μmol x L was adopted to do the following experiment. Baicalin increased cell viability, improved cell morphology and decreased intracellular ROS level. Moreover, FACS indicated baicalin attenuated the apoptosis induced by rotenone significantly. Western blot showed that Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 expression in rotenone-induced PC12 cells was reversed by baicalin.

CONCLUSIONThis study has demonstrated that baicalin protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis, at least in part, by scavenging excessive ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytoprotection ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Rotenone ; pharmacology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism