Objective To explore the effects of perinatal exposure to low dose tributyltin (TBT) on development and estrogen level of female offspring KM mice.Methods The CL healthy adult pregnant KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 in each group,they were given doses of TBT (100,10 and 1 ?g/kg) by gavage from days 6 of gestation to the end of lactation,1 time each day,at a volume of 1 ml/kg.On postnatal day (PND) 49,10 female offspring mice were randomly selected in each group and killed after weighed and the blood was collected.The uterus and ovary were weighed for account of viscera coefficient.The concentrations of estrogen in serum were measured with radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with the control group the time of eye opening was significantly delayed and the vagina opening was significantly ahead in treatment groups (P0.05).The weight of ovary and its coefficient increased significantly in 10 ?g/kg group (P

Background and purpose:Lower expression of E-cadherin is associated with metastasis of cancer cells, however, the correlation between E-cadherin and glucose metabolism has seldom been reported. This article studied the correlation between E-cadherin and glycolysis effect in PANC-1 cells.Methods:Through treatment of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in PANC-1 cells to decrease E-cadherin expression, knock-down the gene of E-cadherin interaction protein β-catenin, and overexpressing of E-cadherin, the effects of E-cadherin on the glucose uptake and lactate production ability and on the expression of key glycolytic genes were assessed.Results:E-cadherin negatively regulated the glycolytic effect of PANC-1 cells by inhibiting glucose uptake and lactate production (P<0.05). Moreover, E-cadherin interacting partner β-catenin signiifcantly promoted glucose metabolism transformation in PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, key glycolysis regulator sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) could lower E-cadherin expression.Conclusion:Lower expression of E-cadherin induced the transformation of glucose metabolism transformation in PANC-1 cells and manipulation of E-cadherin expression level could change the glycolysis effect. Moreover, through maneuver glycolysis process could inhibit high metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen (E2) on the connexin43 (Cx43) expression of renal interlobar arteries after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R).Methods The experiment was carried out in vivo using an SD rat I/R model.SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,sham-operation group,I/R group,and estrogen-intervention group.The functional changes of the kidney were analyzed after 24 hours of I/R;nephridial tissue section was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE),and Paller scores were used to evaluate the degree of kidney damage.Pressure myography was utilized to detect the vasomotor function of renal interlobar arteries.Immunofluorescence technique,qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to determine the expression of Cx43 in renal interlobar arteries in different groups.Results Estrogen markedly decreased the levels of Cr and BUN in the serum of I/R rats (P＜0.05),and the damage of the kidney tissue could be improved noticeably.The vasomotor rate of renal interlobar arteries was (24.80 ± 3.70)％ after I/R and (41.60 ± 3.50)％ after treatment with estrogen,which was higher than that of I/R group (P＜0.05).The expression of Cx43 was lower in renal interlobar arteries of estrogen-intervention group than that in I/R group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Estrogen may reduce vascular tension and boost dilation of the artery by inhibiting Cx43 expression and GJ function.Therefore,estrogen may attenuate the damage of I/R and improve renal function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the incidence, causes and deviation angle of axial offset in patients with fracture ununited treated by Ilizarov bone transport technology.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to December 2012, 10 patients with fracture ununited were treated by Ilizarov bone transport including 8 males and 2 females with an average age of (30.3 ± 10.6) years old ranging from 18 to 49 years old. The segment of bone defect involved upper tibial in 2 cases, medial tibia in 2 cases, lower tibial in 5 cases, upper femoral in 1 case. For Paley type of bone defect, 6 cases were type B1, 4 cases were B3. The incidence and deviation angle of axial offset after Ilizarov bone transport technology were observed and evaluated on bone result by Paley assessment.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 19 to 32 months with an average of (22.0 ± 5.6) months. Three cases were natural healed at fracture ends, the other 7 cases were healed after bone graft. The time of external fixator was 16 to 28 months. At the last follow-up, there were 3 cases occurred coronal angulation of angle 5° to 11° with an average of (8.7 ± 3.2). Sagittal angulation was in 4 cases, angle 6° to 9° with an average of (8.5 ± 2.1)°. There were 4 cases occurred axial offset. In the last follow-up, according to Paley evaluation criteria, osseous results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 3 cases; functional results were excellent in 6 cases, good in 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONAxial deviation after the Ilizarov bone transport treatment is relatively common, which will result in delayed healing of bone and poor limb alignment. In order to improve the bone healing, corresponding measurements should be taken to avoid or reduce the incidence of axial deviation during and after the operation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of the no-flip procedure with the Chinese Shang Ring when circumcising adult males with redundant prepuce or phimosis, and to discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

METHODSUsing the no-flip Shang Ring technique, we performed circumcision for 167 adult males aged 18 -72 (mean 27.8) years with redundant prepuce or phimosis, and analyzed the clinical data, including the operation time, postoperative complications, ring-removal time, and postoperative appearance of the penis.

RESULTSComplete follow-up data of 94 cases (56.29%) were obtained. The mean operation time was (5.03 +/- 0.71) minutes and the average ring-removal time was (18.83 +/- 6.70) days. The primary postoperative complications were edema (35 cases [37.23%] at 2 weeks and 9 cases [9.57%] at 4 weeks), including 2 severe cases (2.13%), and infection (3 cases [3.19%]). The pain scores were 2.01 +/- 2.46 during the procedure and 4.52 +/- 2.53 at 24 hours postoperatively. Slipping of the outer ring occurred in 1 case, and delayed removal of the ring in 30 cases (31.91%).

CONCLUSIONAdult male circumcision with the no-flip Shang Ring technique is recommended for its short operation time, simple procedure, fewer postoperative complications, less pain, and better incision appearance.

Adult ; Aged ; Circumcision, Male ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Edema ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; etiology ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Prostheses and Implants ; Young Adult

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most devastating human malignancies. The poor clinical outcome in PDAC is partly attributed to a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. In the PDAC microenvironment, the stroma is characterized by the development of extensive fibrosis, with stromal components outnumbering pancreatic cancer cells. Each of the components within the stroma has a distinct role in conferring chemoresistance to PDAC, and intrinsic chemoresistance has further worsened this pessimistic prognosis. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine (GEM) is usually the recommended first-line chemotherapeutic agent for PDAC patients and is given alone or in combination with other agents. The mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to GEM are an active area of ongoing research. This review highlights the important role the complex structure of stroma in PDAC plays in the intrinsic resistance to GEM and discusses whether antistroma therapy improves the efficacy of GEM. The addition of antistroma therapy combined with GEM is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy with significant survival benefits for PDAC patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between resting heart rate (RHR) and blood glucose level in elderly patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated by diabetes mellitus.

METHODSBetween April and July, 2011, a total of 1336 outpatients over 60 years of age recruited from 165 hospitals were asked to complete a questionnaire and received blood glucose and RHR examination. According to baseline RHR, the patients were divided into 3 groups with HRH <70 min-1 (group I, 372 cases), between 70 and 79 min(-1) (group II, 533 cases), and ≥80 min(-1) (group III, 431cases) for analysis of the relationships of RHR with blood glucose control rate.

RESULTSHbA1c levels in the total, male and female patients differed significantly among the 3 groups (F=15.436, 15.436, and 24.270, respectively, P<0.05), and increased in the order from group I to group III. Blood glucose control rate in the total, male and female patients also differed significantly among the 3 groups (χ(2)=13.471, 6.752, and 6.522, respectively, P<0.05), and was significantly lower in group III than in group I (P<0.05). RHR was found to positively correlate with FPG, 2 hPG and HbA1c by Pearson correlation analysis (r=0.058, 0.085, and 0.058, respectively; P<0.05) and multiple linear regression analysis (β=0.075, 0.075, and 0.018, respectively; P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression equation showed that compared with patients with RHR <70 min-1, the total, male and female patients with RHR ≥80 min(-1) had OR values of blood glucose control failure of 1.99 (95% CI: 1.23-2.37, P<0.05), 1.81 (95% CI: 1.17-2.77, P<0.05), and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.12-3.74, P<0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONRHR in elderly CHD patients with MD is positively correlated with their blood glucose level, and an increased RHR is associated with an increased risk of poor blood glucose control. Rigorous RHR control in such high-risk patients may prove beneficial for both blood glucose control and secondary prevention of CHD.

Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis

BACKGROUNDTo acquire the recombinant human monoclonal antibodies and IgG to adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAVs-2).

METHODSConstruct and pan human Fab antibody library to AAVs-2 was established from normal volunteer donors by using phage display technology and secreted expression in E.Coli system. The positive Fab clones were selected and characterized through ELISA and immunofluorescent assay, and then the heavy and light chain were sequenced. The gene of light chain and heavy chain Fd fragment of recombinant mAb were inserted into baculovirus expression vector pAC-L-Fc and construct expression vectors of intact IgG, then transfected insert sf-9 cell secreted expression in Baculovirus/Insert system. Immunoprecipitation test was used to detect its recognizing region.

RESULTSOne clone named AAVs-31 showed positive responses in ELISA and IFA, the Fab was composed of gamma chain and kappa chain IgG was positive in ELISA and IFA. The IgG failed to detect nonassembled or denatured capsid proteins, but recognized the AAVs-2 stock from immunoprecipitation test.

CONCLUSIONThe authors isolated a clone of Fab and IgG to adeno-associated virus type 2 by phage display technology, they perhaps recognize an epitope which is formed during capsid assembly.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Cell Line ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; genetics ; immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Library ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Spodoptera

Aim To investigate the role and mecha-nism of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) protein in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) of the hypothalamus in the development of inflammatory pain in rats. Methods Adult SD male rats were cho-sen to establish the model of inflammatory pain through subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) on the center of left hind foot. Western blot was used to detect the changes of the expression of Ep-ac protein. Thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) was ob-served after the PVN injecting 8p-CPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (8p-CPT),the agonist of Epac. Then activated down-stream MEK1/2 protein of Epac in PVN was detected using Western blot when the potency was the strongest.Results ① Compared with normal saline(control group),TWL decreased significantly on d 1, d 3, d 5, d 7,d 9 on the ipsilateral foot of CFA group rats(P<0.01),whereas it returned to normal level in d 13;the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold(PMWT) de-creased significantly on d 6,d 8,d 10,d 12 and d 14 (P<0.05);②Compared with the control,the Epac1 protein in CFA group rats began to decrease from d 3, and significantly decreased on d 3 and d 9(P<0.05), however the expression of Epac2 had no significant change, meanwhile p-MEK1/2 protein decreased sig-nificantly on d 3(P<0.05);③Compared with micro-injection of saline into the PVN(Saline group), the heat hyperalgesia of 20 min and 1h decreased signifi-cantly and TWL increased significantly after PVN ad-ministration of 8p-CPT(8p-CPT group)(P <0.05);paraventricular nucleus p-MEK1/2 protein expression increased significantly in 30 min(P <0.05) and re-covered to normal level 2 h after administration. Con-clusion The Epac1-MEK1/2 signaling pathway in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus may be in-volved in the development of chronic inflammatory pain induced by CFA.

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.
China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Male ; Registries ; Rural Population ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population