Obesity is a prevalent metabolic disorder, which seriously affects human health and has become the world's public health problem. Kinase S6K1, an important downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), influences specific pathological responses, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Presently, S6K1 has become an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of these disorders. Here, the functions of kinase S6K1, its molecular regulation mechanisms, related pathogenesis of disease and relevant small molecular inhibitors are reviewed. Finally, the prospect of research toward S6K1 is expected as well.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Obesity ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To study the relationship between tacrolimus blood level/dose and the genotype of CYP3A5 at 6th month after lung transplantation.Method Forty-six cases of lung transplant recipients who received the surgery between January 1st,2011 and January 1st,2013 served as the research subjects,and the genotypes of these patients were measured.These patients were divided into 3 groups (CYP 3A5 * 1 * 1,CYP 3A5 * 1 * 3,CYP 3A5 * 3 * 3) according to their different genotypes.The dose of tacrolimus and daily intake were detected at 6th month after surgery in each group,then the level/dose of tacrolimus was calculated.Result In all 46 recipients,5 of them were CYP 3A5 * 1 * 1 homozygous genotype,20 CYP 3A5 * 1 * 3 heterozygous genotype and 21 CYP 3A5 * 3 * 3 homozygous genotype.Under the condition of holding tacrolimus blood level between therapeutic range,there was significant difference in the dose of tacrolimus between the CYP3A5 * 1/ * 1 and * 1/* 3 versus * 3/* 3 genotypes (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between CYP3A5 * 1/* 1 genotype and * 1/* 3 genotype.Conclusion Tacrolimus dosing in lung transplant patients is associated with CYP 3A5 gene polymorphisms.

Aim To investigate the protection effect of icariin on isoproterenol induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes injury.Methods Isolation of cardiomyocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats aging 1～3 d were performed.Cardiomyocytes were grown in DMEM culture medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum.The cell density was adjusted to 1?105～5?105 cells?L-1,and the suspension was pipetted into each well of culture plates.Cells were incubated at 37 ℃ in 5% CO_2 atmosphere for 72 h.Cultured rat cardiomyocytes were divided into different groups:control,0.5 mmol?L-1 isoproterenol(model),and therapeutic groups with 0.1,1 and 10 ?mol?L-1 icariin.Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay.The potential of mitochondrial membrane was determined by laser scanning confocal microscope.Apoptotic cells were detected by using flow cytometric analysis.Results Compared with the control group,the cell activity was lower in model group(P

OBJECTIVE:To strength pharmacy management,improve pharmacy stocktaking efficiency and lower the error rate of the stocktaking in outpatient pharmacy.METHODS:Based on "Army No.1" inventory management system,the data were retrieved and adjusted using Excel spreadsheet,and the inter-district small-scale inventory table of the outpatient pharmacy was designed in which certain individuals should be responsible for certain drugs and the order of drugs in the inventory table were in line with the arrangement order of drugs.RESULTS:The new drug stocktaking model reduced the error rate of traditional monthly drug stocktaking by 3%.CONCLUSION:The established drug stocktaking method reduces human and material resources,facilitates a more flexible,convenient and rapid stocktaking,and greatly enhances the conformity rate between drugs and accounts.

Objective To present the means of localizing the kidney with ectopic ureter in order to provide the reliable ground for surgical strategy. Methods Clinical manifestation study,IVU,SPECT imaging and cystoscopy were conducted.All the 58 patints are female with a mean age of 3.4 years.According to the creteria presented in reference,5 were type Ⅰ,42 type Ⅲ,1 type Ⅳ,8 type Ⅴ and 2 type Ⅵ. Results Operative finding revealed the accurate localization and diagnosis rate of IVU has been 95%(40/42) in type Ⅲ ectopic ureter,B-ultrasonograph 27%(12/53),SPECT 37%(6/16).With the combined consideration of imaging procedures and cystoscopy,the accurate localization and diagnosis rate has been 98%(57/58). Conclusions Combined use of imaging procedures and cystoscopy would improve the localization and diagnosis rate.Cystoscopy is the most reliable except in type Ⅲ ectopic ureter.

Objective To explore the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)in differentiating brain tuberculomas from me-tastases.Methods Conventional and enhanced MRI as well as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)were performed in 24 cases of brain tuberculomas(immature in 18 cases and mature in 6 case)and 36 cases of metastases.The mean ADC values and relative ADC (rADC)values were calculated from the enhanced and non-enhanced regions of mass and the peripheral edema regions of brain le-sions.Results The mean ADC values and rADC values in the enhanced,non-enhanced and the peripheral edema regions were 796.90×10 -6 mm2/s and 1.1 6,864.85×10 -6 mm2/s and 1.27,1 531.60×10 -6 mm2/s and 2.24 for the immature brain tuberculo-mas;791.95×10 -6 mm2/s and 1.1 6,61 1.80×10 -6 mm2/s and 0.87,and 1 488.45×10 -6 mm2/s and 2.10 for the mature tubercu-lomas;421.95×10 -6 mm2/s and 0.61,961.00×10 -6 mm2/s and 1.36,1 545.00×10 -6 mm2/s and 2.18 for the brain metastases, respectively.There were significant differences in the mean ADC values (H =42.293,P ≤0.05)and rADC values (H =42.575, P ≤0.05)for the enhance regions in the three groups .There were also significant differences in the mean ADC values (H =33.100, P ≤0.05)and rADC values (H =1 7.867,P ≤0.05)for the non-enhance regions.No significant difference in the mean ADC values (H =1.550,P ≥0.05)and rADC values (H =5.511,P ≥0.05)were found for the peripheral edema regions.Conclusion The ADC values of DWI can help to differentiate brain tuberculomas from metastases,when combining with the conventional and enhanced MRI.

AIM: To estimate the antiasthmatic activity of new compounds: SDF-1, SDG-1 and SDG-3. F-1 is a furoxan derivative, G-1 and G-3 are hydroxylguanidine derivatives, SDF-1 is a novel seratrodast derivative connected with F-1, SDG-1 a seratrodast derivative connected with G-1, and SDG-3 a novel seratrodast derivative connected with G-3. METHODS: Firstly, the in vivo antiasthmatic activity was estimated in asthmatic guinea pigs induced by acetylcholine and histamine. Secondly, the in vitro NO releasement of these compounds was determined following the procedures of Griess. Finally, tracheal smooth muscle relexant potency of these compounds was evaluated on trachea of guinea pigs. RESULTS: The in vivo antiasthmatic activity of SDF-1 was more potent than seratrodast (P

Uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) is a member of the multigenic uncoupling proteins (UCPs), specific expressing in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. UCP4 plays an important role in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, brain trauma and other central nervous system diseases by uncoupling, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential,regulating Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress. This article reviews UCP4 and its roles in the central nervous system diseases in order to provide certain basis for the development of UCP4targeted medication.

Aim To study the inhibitory effect of NO donating-aspirin derivative Ⅱ_6 on thrombosis and its mechanism of nitric oxide release. Methods Inferior vena cava thrombosis and cerebral thrombosis model in rats were used to investigate the antithrombotic activities of Ⅱ_6.TXB_2 and 6-Keto-PGF_(1?)in rat serum、rat aortic strip and in ECV304 cells were determined by radioimmunosay.NO content in the serum of rats and extracellular fluid of the ECV304 cells were tested with Griess reagent.Results Ⅱ_6 inhibited the thrombosis in inferior vena cava and brain,and it reduced the concentration of TXB_2.but increased NO production.Conclusion Ⅱ_6 has an inhibitory effect on thrombosis and increases NO content in vivo and vitro.

Objective To study the effect of red cell and plasma protein parameters on progression, prognosis and recurrence of cerebral infarction. Methods Clinical data from 105 patients with cerebral infarction were analyzed. The pa?tients were divided into four paired groups:progressive stroke group and complete stroke group, short-term favorable progno?sis group and short-term unfavorable prognosis group, long-term favorable prognosis group and long-term unfavorable prog?nosis group, relapsed cerebral infarction group and not relapsed group by different criterion. The red cell and plasma protein parameters were compared between groups. Results There were significantly higher mean corpuscular volume(fL:85.92± 4.50 vs 83.79±4.64,t=2.164,P<0.05), red cell distribution width(fL:13.50±2.45 vs 11.90±2.90,t=2.694,P<0.01), globu?lin(g/L:27.46±4.33 vs 24.79±4.03,t=3.029,P<0.01)and lower albumin(g/L:39.00±3.86 vs 42.89±4.45,t=4.242,P<0.01)in progressive stroke group than those of complete stroke group. The elevated red cell distribution width, reduced albu?min were the risk factors of progressive stroke. In the short-term unfavorable prognosis group, red cell distribution width was significantly higher than that in short-term favorable prognosis group(fL:13.90 ± 2.45 vs 12.00 ± 2.12,t=2.905,P<0.01). The red cell distribution width was positively correlated with mRS scores assessed 3 months and 18 months after cerebral in?farction(P<0.01). Conclusion Progressive stroke rate increases in cerebral infarction patients with elevated red cell distri?bution and reduced albumin;Red cell distribution width has a certain reference value for forecasting the prognosis of cere?bral infarction .