BACKGROUND: Cooking oils used for long periods of frying are subject to oil deterioration. Total polar compounds (TPC) is the general parameter used to quantify oil deterioration wherein the maximum allowable TPC of cooking oil is 25%. The time it takes to reach 25% TPC was defined as the frying life of oil.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of oil type and frying temperature on frying life.

METHODS: The frying lives of coconut, canola, and palm oil as well as the oils heated at 150ºC, 170ºC, and 190ºC were determined. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed and TPC values were calculated from absorbance using the equation: y = -2.7865x2 + 23.782x + 1.0309.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The mean frying lives were 20.24h, 10.80h, and 13.49h for coconut, canola, and palm oil, respectively. Regardless of oil types, the mean frying lives were 16.23h, 11.93h, and 13.82h at the following frying temperatures namely; 150ºC, 170ºC, and 190ºC , respectively. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the frying lives of the three oil types and those of the three frying temperatures.

CONCLUSION: Coconut oil had a longer mean frying life than both palm and canola oil. In terms of frying temperature, the longest mean frying life was observed in the oils heated at 150ºC, followed by the oils heated at 190ºC. There was a significant interaction between oil type and frying temperature observed in the study.

Coconut Oil ; Rapeseed Oil ; Palm Oil ; Frying temperature

Background: The use of 3D printing in medical education, prosthetics, and preoperative planning requires dimensional accuracy of the models compared to the replicated tissues or organs. Objective. To determine the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed models replicated from metacarpal bones from cadavers. Methods: Fifty-two models were 3D-printed using fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and binder jetting method from 13 right first metacarpal bones of cadavers from the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila. Six dimensional parameters of the 3D-printed models and their control bones were measured using 0.01 mm calipers — length, midshaft diameter, base width, base height, head width, and head height. Mean measurements were compared using non-inferiority testing and multidimensional scaling. Results: Mean measurements of the 3D-printed models were slightly larger than their control bones (standard deviation range: 1.219-4.264; standard error range, 0.338-1.183). All models were found to be at least 90% accurate and statistically non-inferior compared to control bones. DLP-printed models were the most accurate (base width, 99.62 %) and most similar to their control bone (–0.05, 90% CI –0.34, 0.24). Through multidimensional scaling, DLP-printed models (coordinate = 0.437) were the most similar to the control bone (coordinate = 0.899). Conclusion The 3D-printed models are dimensionally accurate when compared to bones.
Stereolithography ; Dimensional Measurement Accuracy ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

BACKGROUND: A reliable and socially validated definition of recovery in schizophrenia is essential to decrease stigma associated with the illness. This study aimed to define recovery in schizophrenia in the Philippine context, determine its specific elements, and describe methods of assessment in clinical practice. METHODS: We invited a group of purposively selected Filipino psychiatrists to participate in six simultaneous roundtable discussions to gather their opinions and perspectives on recovery in schizophrenia. Transcripts of the discussions were then subjected to framework analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Most Filipino psychiatrists were of the considered opinion that recovery in schizophrenia is possible, and their vision of a recovered patient resembles a combination of psychological and medical models. The mini-FROGS tool was deemed generally applicable in the Philippine setting except for self-esteem and sense of independence primarily because it is difficult to evaluate. The SWN was received with mixed reactions among the psychiatrists. Spirituality as an element of recovery and the family-oriented culture of the Filipinos were emphasized as important considerations in assessing patients. Other suggestions were given to tailor-fit these tools to the Philippine context.
Schizophrenia ; Philippines