Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) is rare clinical condition and It is known as a pearly white mass medial to an intact tympanic membrane. In this case report, we describe a 6-year-old boy who presented with a one year history of left ear discomfort, reduced hearing, followed by ear discharge two months prior to admission. Otoscopic examination revealed a large attic perforation. Radiological investigation showed extensive cholesteatoma in the mastoid, mesotympanum and epitympanum with destruction of the ossicles including the stapes footplate. He underwent radical mastoidectomy in view of extensive cholesteatoma with tympanoplasty type V. In this case report, the classification, treatment and theories related to CC are discussed.

There are three types of papilloma which arises from the Schneiderian membrane namely inverted, fungiform and oncocytic. Oncocytic papilloma is the rarest type and occurs predominantly in the older age group. Clinically, its behaviour is similar to inverted papilloma in having both local recurrence and associated malignancy. We report a rare case of oncocytic papilloma arising from the maxillary sinus, extending into the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, in a 78-year-old lady. Despite the longstanding history there was no evidence of associated malignancy in this lesion. An endoscopic medial maxillectomy was successfully utilized for approach and complete tumour excision. In conclusion, oncocytic papilloma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unilateral polypoid nasal lesions especially in the elderly. In addition, endoscopic medial maxillectomy can provide an adequate approach for complete tumour removal.

Normal tracheal mucociliary clearance is the key to maintaining the health and defense of respiratory airway. Therefore the present of cilia and mucous blanket are important for tracheal epithelium to function effectively. In the present study, we prepared a tissue engineered respiratory epithelium construct (TEREC) made of autologous respiratory epithelium cells, fibroblast and fibrin from sheep owns blood which replaced a created tracheal mucosal defect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed encouraging result where immature cilia were present on the surface of TEREC. This result indicates that engineered respiratory epithelium was able to function as normal tissue.