1.СҮХБААТАР ДҮҮРГИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ БОЛОВСРОЛЫН СУРГУУЛИЙН ӨСВӨР НАСНЫХНЫ АРХИ, ТАМХИ БА СЭТГЭЦ ИДЭВХТ БОДИСЫН ХЭРЭГЛЭЭ
Munkhjargal N ; Uranchimeg R ; Dolgorsuren S ; Jargalsaikhan B
Innovation 2017;11(2):117-119
BACKGROUND OF STUDY: According to WHO report estimation, 76.3 million people have
been diagnosed with disorder related to alcohol use which has been root cause for
over 60 types of disease in the world.1 Smoking causes death to4 million people every
year, 11 people every day and 6 every minute. This number is estimated to double
reaching 10 million by 2030.2 The study conducted by the ‘World Vision Mongolia’ international
organization and the Anti-alcoholism and Drug Association of the Ministry of
Justice show 76% of all teenagers has drunk alcohol to some extent.
AIMS: To determine alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive drug use by school teenagers
of Sukhbaatar district in Ulaanbaatar
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: The survey on inquiry of alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive
drug use (ASSIST) was conducted among a total of randomly selected 800 (374
boys, 426 girls) students of 8-12th grade from 7 secondary schools of Sukhbaatar district.
Statistical data was put into Microsoft office applications (excel, word) and processed
by SPSS application with 95% of probability of information and 5.0% of trust level.
RESULT OF STUDY: Out of all respondents 32% (256) use tobacco, 43.8% (350)alcoholic
drinks, 2.6% (21)cannabis,1.1% (9) cocaine, 1.5% (12) amphetamine, 3%(24)volatile
substance, 4.3% (34)sedative and tranquilizer drug, 0.6% (5)hallucinogenic drug, 0.5%
(4) opioid, and 0.1% (1) uses other types of drug. Among the survey participants, there
are a total of 214 teenagers (in duplicated number) who need short-term action and 2
teenagers who are smoker and need intensive treatment.
CONCLUSION: Among total teenagers, the survey participants, 1 in 3 used tobacco, 1 in
2 alcoholic drinks and 1 in 7 used psychoactive drug. Male students smoke twice more
than female students and there is no difference in use of alcoholic drink in both sexes.
The alcohol and tobacco use among teenagers at the age of 12-18 who participated
in the survey showed that they use more when they grow older. 1 in 4 students of all participants
belongs to a group with average risk and needs intensive treatment.
2.Mitotic activity in uterine leiomyoma
Jargalsaikhan B ; Yanjinsuren D ; Tegshjargal S ; Erdenetsogt D
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2014;167(1):27-29
INTRODUCTION:Uterine leiomyomas are the common smooth muscle tumors of female genital tract. Usually theirdiagnosis poses no problem. On the other hand leiomyosarcomas are highly malignant tumors.Distinction between the two poses no problem if the leiomyosarcoma shows significant dysplasia,however at times it may become a serious problem to differentiate between leiomyoma and well–differentiated leiomyosarcoma. Under such circumstances the mitotic count per 100 high powerfields considered by many as the most important criterion of distinction.MATERIAL AND METHODS:To investigate the role of mitotic activity in the growth of uterine leiomyomas, the mitotic count per100 high-power fields and the relation of this to the patient’s age (30 to 54 years) were examined intissue sections of leiomyomas from 130 surgically removed leiomyomatous uteri.RESULTS:The mean mitotic count in submucosal uterine leiomyoma was significantly higher (42.3%) than thatof the other location such as intermural and subserosal leiomyoma. We found the highest mitoticcount in a leiomyoma at the late reproductive aged women (46.1%) at early secretory phase. But therewas not a statistical correlation between women’s age and mitotic activity of uterine leiomyoma.CONCLUSION:Increased mitotic activity in leiomyomas under the late reproductive aged women suggests that thegrowth of these tumors is affected by progesterone level
3.Diagnostic value of tumor suppressor P53gene and proliferative Ki67 marker expression in uterine leiomyomas
Jargalsaikhan B ; Yanjinsuren D ; Galtsog L ; Erdenetsogt D ; Tegshjargal S
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2014;169(3):33-37
Aim was to investigate expression of tumor suppressor P53 gene, proliferating Ki-67 protein inordinary and proliferating uterine leiomyomato establish possible usefulness of these two parametersin distinguishing between ordinary leiomyoma and proliferating leiomyoma. Retrospective study of49uterine leiomyoma (25 ordinary leiomyoma, 24 proliferating leiomyoma) technically acceptable foranalysis from years 2010–2013 department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and department of Pathology,Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.MethodAll tissue specimens were obtained from surgically removed tumors. Tissue was fixed in formalinand cut to thickness of 5 mm from paraffin-embedded blocks. All haematoxylineosin slides and allimunohistochemical slides for each case were reviewed by two experienced pathologist.ImmunohistochemistryParaffin-embedded tumor sections were deparaffinized and stained in automated platformDakoCytomationusing monoclonal mouse anti-human Ki-67 antigen (Dako,Glostrup, Denmark), monoclonal mouse anti-humanP53 protein (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).Immunohistochemicalanalysis of P53 and Ki67 expression was performed. Every nuclei stained brown,regardless of shade intensivity, was considered positive. The interpretation of immunohistochemicalstaining was expressed as number of positive cells in 100 cell count in most active area of the slide.Non-parametric analysis of variance Kruskal-Walistest was performed.P53 expressionExpression of P53 was negative in 24/24 ordinary uterine leiomyoma, 2/10 mitotic activity leiomyoma,11/15 cellular leiomyoma. Expression of P53 in 1–10% of cells showed 3/10(30%) mitotic activeleiomyoma and 1/15(6.6%) cellular leiomyoma. Expression in 10-70% of cells showed 5/10(50) mitoticactivity leiomyoma, 3/15(20%) cellular leiomyoma. A significant difference in expression of P53 wasseen between ordinary and proliferative (mitotic activity and cellular) uterine leiomyoma (p<0.007, Table1).Ki-67 expressionExpression of Ki67 was negative in 20/20 (100%) ordinary leiomyoma, 4/11(36.3%) mitotic activityleiomyoma and 7/18(38.8%) cellular uterine leiomyoma. 1–10% of cells were positive in 4/11 (36.6%)mitotic activity leiomyoma, and 5/18% cellular leiomyoma. Expression was positive in 10-70%of cellsof 3/11(27.2%) mitotic activity leiomyoma and 6/18(33.3%). Statistically significant differences in Ki67expression was found between ordinary leiomyoma and proliferating leiomyoma (p<0.014, Table 2) andbetween LM and LMS (p=0.000, Table 1).Conclusion:The findings of our study in concordance with other study results are helpful information establishingmore diagnostic criteria and parameters for diagnosis in doubtful cases between two entities.Immunoassaying for Ki-67 and P53 are such parameters. The panel of their expression in specific caseeases diagnosis.
4.Maternal smoking during pregnancy of risk factor avascular necrosis of the femoral head disease
Otgonchimeg T ; Naranbat L ; Budee B ; Otgonsaikhan N ; Erdenbileg A ; Jargalsaikhan B ; Zulai D ; Gantuya D
Innovation 2020;14(2):40-45
Purpose:
The etiology of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) remains unknown until today. A few
studies have suggested passive smoke inhalation may be a risk factor, although the association
is not confirmed and a causal relationship has not been established. Most mothers who smoke
during pregnancy may continue smoking after giving a birth, it would be difficult to determine
to what extent passive smoke inhalation adds to the risk of LCPD in these children. The causes
of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease are largely unknown, but this pediatric disease seems to result
from interruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur and is considered a vascular disease.
Because maternal smoking during pregnancy influences fetal development and is associated
with cardiovascular diseases in offspring, we hypothesized that this exposure and passive Tabaco
smoke exposure are risk factors for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and also investigated other
markers of impaired fetal development and early-life exposures.
Methods:
We prospectively recruited total 96 patients, among those 32 patients with LCPD as
a case group and 64 patients attending the hospital for other orthopedic complaints as control
group. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between the exposures
and risk of LCPD.
Results:
The main risk factors for LCPD were family background, indoor use of a wood stove,
having a family member who smoked indoors (passive smoke) and smoke during pregnancy.
Children from the middle socioeconomic group appeared to be at a greater risk of developing
LCPD.
Conclusions
This study provides further evidence that environmental tobacco smoke is
associated with an increased risk of LCPD. Family background and exposure to wood smoke
also appears to be risk factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and other factors indicated
by impaired fetal development may be associated with an increased risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes
disease. However, it remains unclear why there are profound differences in the incidence of
the disease between regions when the prevalence of smoking is comparable and why bilateral
involvement is infrequent, and it needs further study.
5.Study of influencing factors of the maternal, infant and placenta weight
Jargalsaikhan B ; Otgonbayar L ; Gandolgor B ; Uurtiintuya B ; Oyunsuren E ; Otgontsetseg B ; Tsolmon G ; Amarjargal B ; Tegshjargal S
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2017;181(3):10-14
Introduction :
In the last years other country scientists told about not only determine infant weights, need to interest
correlation between maternal weight, height and infant weight. In our country few research articles posted
about anthropometry of obstetrics and gynecology. Our study aim is determine maternal weight, infant
weight, placenta weight and assess factors affecting roles on maternal story of “Amgalan” Maternity
Hospital in 2014-2015.
Goal:
The current study aimed at assessing maternal weight, infant weight, placenta weight and evaluating the
effect of factors leading to it.
Materials and Methods:
The data was already collected from “Amgalan” Maternity Hospital using maternal history and record and
it was collected measuring general physical characteristics such as body weight and height, infant weight,
placenta weight and body circumferences. We used retrospective method and collected statistical data
was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software.
Results:
Of total 964 study participants aged 18-45. The average age of participants was 29.6 ± 5.8 years old and
49.7% (n=479) was working during pregnancy, 45.7% (n=441) hadn’t works, 4.6% (n=44) was student.
The average weight of mothers was 75.4±11.5, weight of infants was 3439.5±456, weight of placenta
was 685±129. The following factors affected maternal and infant weights: lower education, working, early
and late pregnancy complication. Maternal weight had a low direct correlation with infant weight (r=0.267,
p<0.01) and placenta weight (r=0.208, p<0.01). In our study maternal height had a low direct correlation
with infant weight(r=0.173, p<0.01) and infant weight had a moderate direct correlation with placenta
weight (r=0.376, p<0.01).
Conclusions
1. The average maternal weight was 75.4±11.5, infant weight was 3539.5±456, placenta weight was 685±129.
2. The following factors affected maternal and infant weights: lower education, working status, early and late pregnancy complications.
3. Maternal weight had a little direct correlation with infant weight (r=0.267, p<0.01) and placenta
weight (r=0.208, p<0.01).
6.Surgical treatment and survival rate from colorectal cancer in Mongolia
Ganbaatar R ; Chinzorig M ; Tuvshin B ; Erdene-Ochir Ya ; Jargalsaikhan D ; Erkhembayar E ; Bat-Оrgil Ch ; Khaliunaa B ; Batzorig B ; Ulziisaikhan B
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;197(3):59-63
Introduction:
In 2018, the overall colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate was 3.6%, according to the
National Cancer Center of Mongolia (NCCM), and the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased
slightly in recent years. According to cancer stages, late stage cancer has a 5-year survival rate of
51%, while early stage cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 79%. The overall survival rate of colorectal
cancer in Mongolia has not been studied in precisely. In Asia, the 5-year survival rate for colorectal
cancer was 60%. Therefore, this study investigated the colorectal cancer survival rate and prognostic
factors at NCCM.
Methods:
A total of 108 patients diagnosed with CRC at NCCM’s General Surgery Department from
2013 to 2015 were used in this retrospective cohort study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to
develop the survival graphs, which were then compared using the Log-rank test.
Results:
The median survival time was 42 months, with a 95% CI (38.55-45.66). A 5-year period,
the overall survival rate for CRC was 61.2%. Survival rates at the I, II, III, and IV stages were 100%,
75%, 65.4%, and 13.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in CRC survival rates across
all stages (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant difference in determining the relationship
between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival rate (p=0.0003).
Conclusion
The outcome of the surgery is determined by the CRC stage. The postoperative survival
rate (61.2%) is directly related to tumor stage, peripheral glandular metastasis, distant metastasis,
and chemotherapy effects.
7.Result of studying lower extremity arterial occlusive disease by CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions
Badamsed Ts ; Jargalsaikhan S ; Delgertsretseg D ; Tsetsegmaa B ; Sodgerel B ; Bayaraa T ; Galsumiya L ; Natsagdorj U ; Pilmaa Yo
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;197(3):52-58
Background:
Lower extremity arterial diseases are chronic stenosis of the artery and occlusive arterial diseases,
which are commonly caused by atherosclerosis. Prevalence of lower extremity arterial diseases has
positive proportional relationship with age of the patients. Furthermore, prevalence of lower extremity
arterial disease is 16% among the males over the age of 60, whereas prevalence among same aged
woman is 13%. Among the age group of 38 to 59 age, 60 to 69 age and 70-82 age group, prevalence
of lower extremity arterial disease was 5.6%, 15.9%, and 33.8%, respectively.
Goal:
Identifying lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by CTA-TASC
classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions.
Obiective:
1. To identify age and sex of the patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic
stenosis of arteries.
2. To identify lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions.
Material and methods:
Study sample consisted of 237 patients, who were diagnosed with lower extremity arterial occlusive
disease and chronic stenosis of arteries from 2019 to 2020 at reference centre on Diagnostic Imaging
na after R.Purev State Laureate, People’s physician and Honorary professor of the State Third Central
Hospital. Computed angiogram images of lower extremity arteries were examined. Contrast agent
“Ultravist” was pumped by automatic syringe. Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic
stenosis of arteries are categorized by CTA-TASC classification of аorta-iliac and femoral popliteal
lesions. The youngest participant was 20 years old and the oldest participant was 76 years old.
Common statistical measurements such as means and standard errors were calculated. Probability
of results were checked using Student’s test.
Results:
We have found following results: 185(78.1%±3.0) cases out of 237 diagnosed patients with lower
extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries are males and 52(21.9%±3.0)
cases are female. Distribution of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of
arteries by the age group of patients are: up to 20 years of age is 3 (1.3%±0.7), 21 to 40 years of age
is 14(5.9%±1.5), 41 to 60 years of age is 86(36.3%±3.1) and over the age of 61 is 134(56.5%±3.2).
It is statistically highly significant that experiencing lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and
chronic stenosis of arteries among the age group of over 61(P<0.001).
The result of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries by the CTA-TASC classification of aorta-iliac and femoral popliteal lesions are: CTA-TASS аorta-iliac lesions
A-16(6.8%±1.8), B-8(3.4%±1.2), C-12(5.1%±1.4), D-41(17.3%±2.5), CTA-TASS femoral popliteal
A-41(17.29%±2.5), B-53(22.36%±3.6), C-47(19.83%±2.6), D-96(40.5%±3.2), respectively.
Conclusions
1. Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and chronic stenosis of arteries occurs 46.5% over the
age of 60 and 78.1% of the patients are males.
2. Following two categories have identified more than the rest, 17.3% CTA-TASC classification of
аorta-iliac lesions, type D and 23.3% CTA-TASC classification of femoral popliteal lesions, type D.
8.Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) signs of unstable plaques of coronary artery disease
Badamsed Ts ; Delgertsretseg D ; Jargalsaikhan S ; Erdenechimeg E ; Sodgerel B ; Bayaraa T ; Galsumiya L ; Natsagdorj U ; Pilmaa Yo
Mongolian Medical Sciences 2021;197(3):48-51
Background:
The American Heart Association estimates that more than 1 million people die each
year from acute coronary heart disease and half a million from acute coronary syndrome, and
that $ 115 billion a year is spent on diagnosing and treating coronary heart disease [Word Health
Organization, 2013].
Goal:
In this study we aimed to using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to
diagnose unstable plaques in coronary artery disease.
Material and methods:
From 2018 to 2021, we performed a coronary computed tomography
angiography (CCTA) scan with a Philips Ingenuity 64-slice computed tomography (64 MD-CT)
device and examined 47 patients diagnosed with unstable coronary artery disease at the Reference
centre on Diagnostic Imaging named after R.Purev State Laureate, People’s physician and Honorary
professor of the State Third Central Hospital.
Common statistical measurements such as means and standard errors were calculated. Probability
of results were checked using Student’s test.
Result:
In studying signs of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to diagnose unstable
plaques in coronary artery disease that coronary artery diameters more widening to compared healthy
artery 16(34.0%±6.9), low density sites clarify in plaque (lower than +30HU)- 14(29.8%±6.7), small
calcification detect in plaque 36 (74.5%±6.4), ring liked additional density (lower than +130 HU)
sees in edge of plaque (Halo sign)-9(19.2%±5.8), plaque edge roughness, erosion liked changes- 18
(38.3%±7.1), rupture of intima (dissection)- 8(17.0%±5.5).
Conclusion
We detect that computed tomography angiography (CCTA)’s specific signs of unstable
plaque of coronary artery disease are coronary artery diameters widening, low density sites clarify in
plaque (lower than +30HU), small calcification detect in plaque, ring liked additional density (lower
than +130 HU) sees in edge of plaque (Halo sign), plaque edge roughness, erosion liked changes
and rupture of intima.