Background: The leader-follower (L-F) relationship in the nursing sector is an important aspect in the delivery of healthcare.While studies that primarily focus on the nurse leader have yielded very important contributions, it is also necessary to look at how the followers see their relationship with the leader, in the context of the practices and culture of their environment. Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that affect the quality of nurse leader-follower relationships and propose a model for fostering high-quality L-F relationships among nurses. Design and method: The study utilized a descriptive qualitative design using a deductive, semantic thematic analytical approach. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among 11 staff nurses from different tertiary hospitals in Metro Manila. Data analysis and interpretation were performed using Braun, Clarke and Hayfield's thematic analysis. Results: Analysis showed that 19 factors, which influence the quality of leader-follower relationships among nurses, can be categorized into context factors, follower characteristics, and leadership characteristics. These factors gave rise to a model for highquality nurse leader-follower relationships. At the core of the model is the leader and followers, who both possess characteristics perceived to be the main factors in building high-quality relationships. The relationship takes place in the context of professional nursing practice, organizational context and work unit context. These three spheres of context are specific to nursing services in hospitals. Conclusion The model highlights the characteristics of leaders and followers needed in high-quality nurse leader-follower relationships and the context in which they operate. It could be useful in guiding the staff development programs for nurses, as well as, improvements in the work environment.
Leadership

INTRODUCTION: Parental authority prototype may greatly influence how adolescent nursing students can demonstrate skills on how they provide quality nursing care to patients in the future. This study aimed to determine the association between parental authority prototype and perceived self-esteem among adolescent nursing students. METHODS: The researchers administered the Parenting Authority Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to nursing students 16 to 19 years old to determine the maternal and paternal parenting types of the respondents and their level of self-esteem, respectively. Chi-square was used to determine the association between parenting style and self-esteem. RESULTS: Normal levels of self-esteem were seen in 70% of respondents and almost one-third were considered to have low self-esteem. The most common parenting style among both the respondents' mothers and fathers was authoritative. There were more authoritative mothers than fathers and twice as many authoritarian fathers than mothers. Paternal parental authority prototype was associated with the respondents' self-esteem (x2 = 19.19, p < 0.05) but the maternal authority prototype was not. CONCLUSION Paternal, but not maternal, parental prototype is associated with the perceived self-esteem of adolescent nursing students. The most common parenting style was authoritative for both mothers and fathers.

<p style="text-align: justify;">There have been increasing demands for innovative learning and teaching approaches in higher education. Many educators in various fields of study have been teaching their students using deliberate and careful combination of face to face and online leaning processes or blended learning. However, in the field of public health, the use of the blended learning seems to be fewer. For public health educators and trainers to maximize the potential of this approach, it could be significant to consider the broad and increasingly expanding scope of public health. Furthemore, studies should be done to identify the factors that drive the achievement of educational outcomes in this field.p>
Health Educators ; Public Health ; Health Education ; Learning

INTRODUCTION: Student volunteers in COVID-19 vaccination activities help augment the health care workforce. However, there is a lack of literature that explores student volunteerism in the Philippines. This paper analyses the shared meanings of the lived experiences of volunteer nursing students during a pandemic. METHODS: Student nurses who had joined Red Cross vaccination activities were recruited by purposive sampling and interviewed online using a pilot-tested interview guide with open-ended questions. Participants were recruited until data saturation. The data collected was analyzed using Colaizzi’s Seven-Step Method. RESULTS: The study has identified two main themes that describe the phenomenon of student- nurse volunteerism during COVID-19 vaccination programs: 1) personal motivation and 2) perceived benefits and outcomes. There were four sub-themes under personal motivation - desire for personal growth, intrinsic altruism, past experiences and involvement in volunteer work, and opportunity for advocating against vaccine hesitancy. Perceived benefits and outcomes had two sub-themes - sense of fulfillment in the act of volunteering and opportunity for actual nurse-patient interaction. CONCLUSION The findings from the study suggest that, despite the lack of experience of working as frontliners during the COVID-19 vaccination programs, nursing students volunteered due to personal motivations and perceived benefits and outcomes.
Volunteers

Introduction: In order to suppress the COVID-19 virus, several vaccines have been developed. The administration of COVID-19 vaccines entails its acceptance. However, misinformation and vaccine uncertainty are main factors that affect vaccine acceptance. This study aimed to determine the most trusted health information source, the most frequently accessed health information source, and health literacy of older adults within Metro Manila. Methods: This study employed a quantitative non-experimental design utilizing correlational and descriptive approaches. Convenience sampling was utilized via Facebook to recruit participants. The survey was adapted from four different questionnaires and went through reliability testing and expert validation. Results The researchers collected responses from a total of 123 participants. The participants were noted to have an overall high level of acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine ( 4.10, SD ± 0.22). The study revealed that doctors were the highly trusted health information source (( =3.69, SD ± 1.30), followed by government health agencies (( =3.18, SD ± 0.73), whereas religious organizations and leaders (( =2.45, SD ± 0.48) were the least trusted sources. However, despite being the least trusted source, religious organizations and leaders were shown to be positively related (p=0.049) and highly predictive of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The most frequently accessed health information source, health workers, have a weak correlation (r=.323) and were found to be significantly positively related (p=0.008) and highly predictive of the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The credibility of health information sources is likely to influence their selection, influencing decisions and behaviors.
SARS-CoV-2 ; Geriatrics

INTRODUCTION: Increased healthcare demands due to the COVID-19 pandemic have overwhelmed nurses worldwide. Resilience of nurses has been impacted due to many factors (e.g., longer work shifts) causing psychological distress. The study aimed to determine the correlation of burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral injury with resilience among nurses assigned in COVID-19 wards. METHODS: Virtual survey tools were sent to nurses of a public hospital to obtain data. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI and SPSS. RESULTS: Levels of burnout showed moderate burnout in personal burnout (f=44) (65.7%); Moderate burnout in work-telated burnout (f=36) (53.7%); no/low level of burnout in client-related burnout (f=48) (71.6%). Level of compassion fatigue showed job burnout (f=59) (88.1%). Level of moral injury indicated “requiring clinical attention” (f=52) (77.6%). Level of resilience showed medium resilience (f=45) (67.2%). Correlation between burnout and resilience yielded negligible negative correlations between personal burnout and resilience (r=-0.160, p=0.031), work-related burnout and resilience (r=-0.222, p=0.008), and client-related burnout and resilience (r=-0.120, p=0.741). Correlation yielded weak negative correlations between compassion fatigue and resilience (r=-0.254, p=0.038) and between moral injury and resilience (r=-0.318, p=0.009). The linear regression showed no significant correlations between personal burnout and resilience (p=0.063), work-related burnout and resilience (p=0.070), client-related burnout and resilience (p=0.331), compassion fatigue and resilience (p=0.080), moral injury and resilience (p=0.227). CONCLUSION The findings showed significant correlations between personal burnout and resilience, work- related burnout and resilience, compassion fatigue and resilience, and moral injury and resilience. There were no significant correlations between client-related burnout and resilience. Multiple linear regression indicated burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral injury are not predictive factors for resilience.
Resilience ; burnout ; compassion fatigue ; moral injury