No abstract available.

The hand is an organ of both motion and sensibility. Motion is necessary for the highly adaptive functions of pinch, grasp, and hook. When a major muscle is paralyzed, the balance of the hand is disrupted. The objective of reconstructive procedure is to achieve a limited but balanced functional performance by means of redistributing assets rather than creating new motor and sensory units. Among the variable methods of treatment, the tendon transfer is a useful method in restoring the lost functions of the paralyzed hand. Authors reviewed 3 cases of paralyzed hands: the first one had an impairment of the opposition and flexion of the thumb caused by brachial plexus injury; the second one had an adducted thumb and a flexion contracture of the index and middle fingers due to a severe compression injury to forearm; the third one was a quadriplegics due to the C5-6 fracture-dislocation, but fortunately had a function of active flexion in ring and little fingers. They were treated by Omer's technique plus other reconstructive procedures for the paralysis at the Department of Orthopaedics, Catholic Medical Center from 1978 to 1981. By this procedure gratifying results such as restoration of pinching and grasping function were obtained.
Brachial Plexus ; Contracture ; Fingers ; Forearm ; Hand Strength ; Hand ; Methods ; Muscles ; Paralysis ; Tendon Transfer ; Thumb

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA including the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) have been determined for 11 species in order to analyze their intrageneric relationships. The total length of these sequences ranged from 530 nucleotides for Trichoderma reesei KCTC 1286 to 553 nucleotide for Trichoderma koningii IAM 12534. Generally speaking, the length of ITS1 region was about 30 nucleotides longer than that of the ITS2 region. Also, the sequences of 5.8S rDNA were more conserved in length and variation than those of ITS regions. Although the variable ITS sequences were often ambiguously aligned, the conserved sites were also found. Thus, a neighbor-joining tree was constructed using the full sequence data of the ITS regions and the 5.8S rDNA. The Trichoderma genus used to be grouped on the basis of the morphological features and especially the shape of phialides needs to be reexamined. The phylogenetic tree displayed the presence of monophylogeny in the species of Trichoderma. Therefore, it was difficult to distinguish the intrageneric relationships in the Trichoderma genus.
Base Sequence* ; DNA, Ribosomal* ; Nucleotides ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; Trichoderma*

The treatment of tibial shaft fracture has become one of the most controversial subjects in orthopedic surgery. Comminuted, segmental and rotationally unstable fractures or bone defect at fraction site have problems of the fixation. The interlocking nail solve these problems. We have experienced 8 cases of the tibial shaft fractures treated with interlocking nail from 1986 to 1988. Authors analyzed these cases and out own clinical study. The results were as follows. 1. The average bone union rate was about 15 weeks. 2. The interval between operation and crutch walking was 4.3 weeks. 3. The merits of this operation were the short hospitalization and early adaptation of social activity. 4. The advantage is be able to do early ambulation without following muscular atrophy or joint stiffness. 5. The results were assessed on clinical examination and radiographic appearance by Hamza et al. An excellent results were 7 cases and good result was 1 case.
Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Hospitalization ; Joints ; Muscular Atrophy ; Orthopedics ; Walking

The genus Pseudoperonospora, an obligate biotrophic group of Oomycota, causes the most destructive foliar downy mildew disease on many economically important crops and wild plants. A previously unreported disease by Pseudoperonospora was found on oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. conomon) in Korea, which is a minor crop cultivated in the temperate climate zone of East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, the causal agent was identified as Pseudoperonospora cubensis, and its pathogenicity has been proven. Importantly, two phylogenetic clades of P. cubensis, harboring probably two distinct species, were detected within the same plots, suggesting simultaneous coexistence of the two clades. This is the first report of P. cubensis causing downy mildew on oriental pickling melon in Korea, and the confirmation of presence of two phylogenetic clades of this pathogen in Korea. Given the high incidence of P. cubensis and high susceptibility of oriental pickling melon to this disease, phytosanitary measures, including rapid diagnosis and effective control management, are urgently required.

The genus Pseudoperonospora, an obligate biotrophic group of Oomycota, causes the most destructive foliar downy mildew disease on many economically important crops and wild plants. A previously unreported disease by Pseudoperonospora was found on oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. conomon) in Korea, which is a minor crop cultivated in the temperate climate zone of East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, the causal agent was identified as Pseudoperonospora cubensis, and its pathogenicity has been proven. Importantly, two phylogenetic clades of P. cubensis, harboring probably two distinct species, were detected within the same plots, suggesting simultaneous coexistence of the two clades. This is the first report of P. cubensis causing downy mildew on oriental pickling melon in Korea, and the confirmation of presence of two phylogenetic clades of this pathogen in Korea. Given the high incidence of P. cubensis and high susceptibility of oriental pickling melon to this disease, phytosanitary measures, including rapid diagnosis and effective control management, are urgently required.

No abstract available.
Sepsis*

The endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) has been adopted as a new treatment for acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices that ranks the highest mortality rate in upper gastrointestinal tract bleedings. This treatment method has good effects for the urgent treatment and eradication of varices from acute variceal bleeding in repeated sessions. We enrolled 34 patients with an acute or chronic variceal bleeding episode at the time of admission in this study from Apr. 8, 1992 to June. 2, 1994. Among 34 patients, there were 31 males and 3 females, at ages between 45-66(mean: 52 years). The incidence of symptoms on admission was 10 in tarry stool, 9 in hematemesis 8 in ascites, 4 in hepatic encephalopathy and 3 in nonspecific symptoms. Varices were eradicated or reduced to grade I in 30(88.2%) of the 34 patients by 4-25 bands (mean: 10.8 bands) in 1-7 EVL sessions(mean: 3.1 sessions). After EVL, there are complicated by active bleeding in 3 patients, dysphagia in 3 patienta and transient chest discomfort in 5 patients but subsided during 24 hours. These results indicated that EVL is a safe method for treatment of bleeding from esophageal varices.
Ascites ; Deglutition Disorders ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Female ; Hematemesis ; Hemorrhage* ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligation* ; Male ; Mortality ; Thorax ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Varicose Veins

No abstract available.
Interferons* ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Peritoneal*

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Joksamni (ST 36) combination on NADPH-diaphorase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat.
[Methods] The experimental groups were divided into four groups : Normal, Joksamni (ST 36), Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9), and Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11). Needles were inserted into acupoints at the depth of 0.5 cm with basic insertion method. Electroacupuncture was done under the condition of 2 HZ electrical biphasic pulses with continuous rectangular wave lasting for 0.2 ms until the muscles produced visible contractions. Such stimulation was applied continuously for 10 minutes, 1 time every 2 days for 10 sessions of treatments. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS, NPY and VIP positive neurons immunohistochemically.
[Results] The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group in primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) group.
The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group were sig-nificantly decreased as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group with the exception of primary somatosensory cortex.
The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group in auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex, insular cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) group. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group.
The optical densities of NPY positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group were signifi-cantly decreased in primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) and Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) groups.
The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group were significantly increased in all areas of cerebral cortex except f or cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LI 11) group were significantly decreased in auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) + Gokji (LIII) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST 36) + Eumneungcheon (SP 9) group.
[Conclusions] The result demonstrated that electroacupuncture on Joksamni (ST 36) and its combination change the activities of the NO system and peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR and that acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for the effects.