Objective Biochemistry course,a professional basic course of medical students,is a challenging course,for which the traditional classroom teaching mode is not suitable,for there are many deficiencies in traditional classroom teaching,so new teaching methods need to be explored to improve the quality of teaching and learning efficiency.Method 301 students from 6 natural classes of adult medical education were selected as the object of study and were divided into the experimental group(150) and control group(151).The traditional teaching mode was adopted in the control group,while in the experimental group,the double-track teaching methods were adopted such as diagram method,the method of using body language,humor teaching method,to stimulate students' interest in scientific research and innovation.At the end of the course,students were asked to conduct online teaching evaluation while teachers were asked to conduct mutual evaluation.Examination paper analysis software was used to evaluate the examination paper.Test results were analyzed by using SPSS 15 Statistical Software for data processing.Results:mean ± standard deviation (~ ± s) ; comparison was made between groups in t test.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Result The evaluation results of students and colleagues assessment show that 93.7％ of the students and 90.9％ of colleagues think that the experimental group uses the double-track teaching method is more popular than in the control group.At the end of the experiment,the control group grades is (66 ± 25),while the experimental group grades is (83 ± 22) ; t value is 6.2612; P value is 0.000.Conclusion Compared with traditional teaching method double-track teaching method has obvious advantages in teaching.From the result,double-track teaching enables students willing to think and have an active participation and exploration,which has significantly stimulated their learning interest and improved their performance,thus achieving good results.

Objective To investigate the relations between BNP and cTnI leveh in patients with CHF and cardiac function.Methods 75 patients with CHF were selected as observation group and another 30 healthy people were selected as control group.BNP and cTnI levels were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and the data were analyzed.Results BNP and cTnI of observation group were significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=3.897,4.127,all P＜0.05);comparison of BNP and cTnI levels in different classification of cardiac function of observation group had significant difference(F=4.765,5.876,allP＜0.05);Linear corrlation analysis showed that:BNP and cTnI both positively correlated to classification of cardiac function(r=0.853,0.647,all P＜0.05),BNP and cTnI increased significantly with the increase of cardiac function classification.Conclusion BNP and cTnI increased significantly in patients with CHF and closely related with cardiac function.they were ideal index to evaluate the CHF severity and had a good clinical value to judge the status and function of heart in patients with CHF.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of warm needling in canicular days in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Methods:Sixty-eight KOA patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 34 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling, while the control group was by conventional acupuncture. The intervention started from the first day of the canicular days, once every day, 10 sessions as a treatment course. The improvement and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated after 3 courses of treatment.
Results:The total effective rate was 91.2%in the treatment group versus 67.6%in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Warm needling in canicular days can produce a better efficacy in treating KOA than conventional acupuncture.

Objective To study on the neural mechanism of deficits in Chinese developmental dyslexia from the aspects of the phonological processing,orthographic skills,visual magnocellular function and cerebellum function.Methods Critical words in Chinese and English (e.g.dyslexia,reading development,Chinese,neural) and formula (e.g.Chinese and (reading development) and (neural or neuroimage or fMRI or ERP or brain area) related with the present topic were searched among the article abstracts in Chinese and foreign databases (e.g.CNKI,Pubmed,Sciencedirect) from July to December,2014.Results Fifty-two relevant articles were gained access to the database.Referring to the present topic,research on the neural mechanism of dyslexia with neuroimaging technique was reserved,while the studies in which the reading impairment of the participants was caused by acquired factors were eliminated.Finally,thirty-three valid articles were retained.Conclusion According to previous studies,although there might be similarities in cognitive deficits of dyslexia between alphabetic languages and Chinese,it was still found that the Chinese children with developmental dyslexia exhibited abnormal neural activities and impaired brain structures in areas associated with Chinese phonology (i.e.left middle frontal gyrus,which was different from the left inferior fiontal gyrus always related with phonological processing in alphabetic languages) and orthographic skills (right occipitotemporal areas which was responsible for the visuospatial processing),revealing language specificity of Chinese to some extent.However,some other studies reported the similarities in neural mechanisms of dyslexia across languages.Therefore,more studies were required to further examine the crosscultural mechanism of the neural activity regarding the developmental dyslexia.Meanwhile,researches on the aspects of general perception showed Chinese dyslexic individuals had deficits in visual magnocellular function,and cerebellum.Future studies were required to explore the relationship between the linguistic and non-linguistic deficits.

Objective The study was aiming at elucidating the rale of BSP over-expression in enhancing osseous metastasis of breast cancer cells,in order to search for new drug targets for prevention and treatment of such metastasis.Methods Chicken embryo allantois membrane(CAM)was used in the experiment.Breast cancer cells were inoculated on the superior surface of CAM sac,then the vascular tissues were collected in lower sac after incubation.The human specific Alu gene was amplified by PCR with genomic DNA extracted as template.Breast cancer cells were incubated with bone,which had becn treated with collagenase and trypsinase,and then OD_(488) of breast cancer was assessed to evaluate the adhesive affinity of breast cancer cells to bone.Results The findings of CAM assay and PCR amplifica- tion using human Alu primers and genomic DNA showed that Alu gene was amplified from 4 of 5 in MDA-MB-231BO(pI)group and 3 of 5 in MDA-MB-231BO(pID)group,but not amplified in control group.In bone adhesion assay,the OD_(488) of digested bone after MDA- MB-231BO(pI)and MDA-MB-231BO(pID)adhering to bone were 0.58?0.046 and 0.49?0.039,respectively,which were larger than that of MDA-MB-231BO(0.26?0.021,P

BACKGROUND: Bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene is expressed in human breast cancer cells, in which bone metastasis occurs easily outside the mineralized tissue. Clinical observation shows that the expression level of BSP of breast cancer cells at bone metastasis is higher that at the primary site;therefore, BSP may be closely related to tumor specific bone metastasis.The study on breast cancer bone metastasis can provide new drug target for clinical prevention and treatment.OBJECTIVE: To establish breast cancer cell strains of BSP with stable expression and observe the effect of BSP in the whole process of breast cancer bone metastasis.DESIGN: Controlled experiment.SETTING: College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Science and Technology; Medical Experiment Center,Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted in the Medical Experimental Center,Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA,betweer November 2003 and March 2004..pIRES2-EGFP vector (5.3 kb) was purchased from BD Biosciences Clontech Inc.; E.Coli.Top10, pB-hBSP plasmid containing the coding region of hbsp, and human breast carcinoma cells, MDA-MB-231BR that was specifically transferred to brain and MDA -MB-231BO that was specifically transferred to bone.METHODS: hbsp gene was subcloned from pB-hBSP vector by PCR. Bg1Ⅱ and Pst Ⅰ restriction enzyme sites were inserted at 5' and 3' ends, orientation cloned to eukaryon expression vector pIRES2-EGFP, and constructed recombinant vector pIRES2-EGFP. The constructed recombinant vector was transfected into MDA-MB-231BR that was specifically transferred to brain and MDA-MB-231BO that was specifically transferred to bone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Construction of pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP recombinant expression vector; recombinant expression vector pIRES2-hBSP-EGFP transfecting breast cancer cells.Breast cancer strains specific in bone metastasis and brain metastasis were successfully transfected. The fluorescence labeling could be observed under the fluorescence microscope, and BSP had corresponding expression.CONCLUSION: The successful construction and transfection of pIRES2hBSP-EGFP of eukaryon expression vector would lay foundation for further study on the role of BSP in breast cancer metastasizing to bone in vivo or in vitro.

Objective To accurately understand multi-spot medical practice in China and evaluate its effect.Methods Operation data of 2008 and 2009 were gathered from all medical institutions in Kunming to analyze the effect of the practice trial using the fixed effect model.Results Under control of such factors as the scale and type of the hospitals,clinic visits of the second certified hospital benefited by the practice increased by 14％than before,whereas the medical revenue of the institution increased by 29％.The effect proves more significant in terms of total clinic visits and medical revenues at level-1 and level-2 medical institutions.Conclusion Multi-spot medical practice in Kunming proves successful as it increased medical service supply and medical revenue,especially for level-1 and level-2 medical institutions.This effect possibly results from releasing high-level physicians down to lower-level institutions,helping these institutions to attract patients.

Objective To investigate the awareness and trainning needs of health management knowledge in primary healthcare professionals in Beijing.Methods Six hundred primary healthcare staff from Daxing,Fangshan,Miyun,Pinggu and Huairou District of Beijing were selected in 2012 through muhiphase random sampling method and required to complete a standardized questionnaire.The survey included the average awareness rates of health management(tobacco,body weight and alcohol consumption control and daily physical exercises),the rates of application and conception awareness of risk assessment tools of chronic diseases,the awareness rates of normal levels of blood pressure and serum glucose as well as training needs.Differences in different regions were analyzed.Chi-square test was used for data analysis.Results The average awareness rates of tobacco,body weight and alcohol consumption control and daily physical exercises were 94.1％ (513/545),95.3％ (522/548),94.0％ (515/548) and 85.9％ (470/547),respectively.However,the rates of application and conception awareness of risk assessment tools of chronic diseases were only 55.1％ (295/535) and 59.8％ (329/550),respectively.Those who knew the normal levels of blood pressure and serum glucose accounted for 85.4％ (475/556) and 92.4％ (514/556),respectively; although only 23.6％ (131/556) and 21.2％ (118/556) were completely familiar with the major risks of these conditions.About 57.4％ (308/537) or 56.7％ (305/538) participants reported urgent needs for health education on diabetes and hypertension management.Conclusion The awareness of health management of primary healthcare professionals in rural areas of Beijing remains lower and may need to be raised by education or training.

Objective To learn current status of health management provided by primary health professionals working in rural areas of Beijing.Methods Health professionals in township hospitals in Beijing were selected by multi-phase random sample method in 2012 and surveyed by a standardized questionnaire to gathering the data on various health management contents,including health checkup,chronic disease management et al,the action location,its collaborative persons and sectors.Statistics description and inference were conducted to describe and compare the distribution of health management implementation across rural areas by descriptive methods and test,respectively.Results Nearly 66.3％ (321/484) of subjects provided health check-up,and 19.1％ (92/481)involved in follow-up study of mental diseases.The main targets population of health management were chronic diseases and the elderly,with response rate of 44.7％ (214/479) and 38.0％ (182/479),respectively.Health check-up,health education and follow-up of chronic diseases were performed in 62.1％ (298/480),52.4％ (251/479) and 42.8％ (206/481) of the township health centers.About 66.1％ (292/442) township health centers had cooperation with general practitioners; however,cooperation with administrative personnels was only 10.6％ (47/443).More than 41.4％ (201/463) township health centers cooperated with community administrative sectors,and cooperation with the propaganda department was only 10.6％ (49/464).The statistical difference across regions shows in the following,including health management action (health checkup,chronic disease patients following-up,et al),the target population covered (youth,elder person,children,and chronic disease patients),health management location(health checkup,education and chronic disease patients following-up in township hospital and village clinic),cooperation with General Practitioner.Conclusions Our results suggest that the actual situation on health management service in Beijing rural areas and the standards of public health equalization of China are still disjoined,even difference exists across regions.In order to improve the health management service quality,we should strengthen the health management personnel training,increase the general practitioner in proportion,establish the performance evaluation mechanism,increase governmental finance to support those service.

Objective To compare the outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins with initial twin pregnancy.Methods This study included all patients who had high-order multiple pregnancies from August 2007 to September 2010 ( n =567 ) in outpatient or inpatient of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.There were 478 initial twin pregnancys (non-reduced group ) and 89 multifetal pregnancy reduced to twins (reduced group).All fetal reduction procedures were performed after 12 weeks gestation.The maternal ages,gestational ages at delivery,pregnancy complications,birth weight of twins and neonatal outcomes were observed in all groups.Results ( 1 ) Average maternal ages and mean gestational ages at delivery:the average maternal ages were ( 29.7 ± 4.5) and (29.9 ± 5.0 ) years for the non-reduced and reduced groups,respectively,no statistical significance (P =0.755).The mean gestational ages at delivery in the nonreduced and reduced twins were (35.3 ± 3.9) and ( 34.4 ± 6.3 ) weeks,respectively ( P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) Pregnancy complications:the rate of pre-eclampsia was 8.2％ ( 39/478 ) in the nonreduced group and 12.4％ (11/89) in the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.199 ).The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus were 1.7％ ( 8/478 ) and 3.4％ ( 3/89 ),respectively,no statistical significance ( P =0.287 ).( 3 ) Neonatal outcomes:① the frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 400 g were 28.9％ for the nonreduced group and 27.0％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.715 ).The frequencies of birth weight discordances ＞ 100 g were 75.1％ for the nonreduced group and 75.3％ for the reduced group,no statistical significance (P =0.972).②The mean birth weight of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ ( 2700 ± 468 ) g vs.( 2352 ± 602 ) g,respectively,P ＜ 0.0l ],there was statistical significance.The mean birth weight of gestational ages ＞ 36 +1 weeks at delivery of the nonreduced twin group was significantly higher than that of the reduced group [ (2809 ± 424) g vs.(2707 ± 506) g,respectively,P ＜0.01 ],there is statistical significance.③The rate of infant mortality( gestational ages ＞28 weeks at delivery) was 1.3％ ( 1/78 ) for the reduced group and 2.2％ ( 10/448 ) for the nonreduced group.The major morbidity rate was 3.8％ (3/78) for the reduced group and 4.0％ (18/448) for the nonreduced group,no statistical significance ( P =0.588,0.943 ).Conclusions Multiple pregnancies after fetal reduction were still associated with a mild increased risk when compared to initial twin pregnancies and their abortion rate is high.The gestational ages of the reduced group were affected by the initial number of fetuses,and the birth weights of reduced twins were lower than that of the nonreduced twins.