ATP binding cassette C4(ABCC4,MRP4)plays an important role in transshipment physio-logic,endogenous or exogenous substances. The over expression of ABCC4 gene has been found in many kinds of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The target gene also influences metastasis and recurrence process. ABCC4 can reduce the intracellular concentration and the sensitivity of various chemotherapy drugs, which is bad for prognosis.

Objective To know the contamination status of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water of Jiangsu Province,so as to provide the evidence for producing hygiene and safety drinking water. Methods A total of 28 water plants of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province were selected,and the source water(10 L),chlorinated water(100 L)and tap water(100 L) were collected separately in each site. The water samples were then treated by filtration,washing,centrifuging concentration, immune magnetic separation,and immunofluorescent assay,to detect the numbers of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results Totally 84 samples from 13 cities were collected,including 28 source water,28 chlorinated water and 28 tap water samples. Among the chlorinated water and tap water samples,no Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were found. Howev-er,Giardia cysts were detected in 3(10.71％,3/28)source water samples(Yancheng,Lianyungang,Changzhou cities),with the density of 1 cyst/10 L of all. Cryptosporidium oocysts were also detected in 3(10.71％,3/28)source water samples(Nan-jing,Zhenjiang,Yangzhou cities),with the density of 1 oocyst/10 L of all. Conclusions The source water in partial areas of Ji-angsu Province has been contaminated by Giardia and Cryptosporidium. To ensure the safety of drinking,the regulation of source water and surveillance of drinking water should be strengthened.

Objective:To evaluate the vital signs changes,influence factors in different grades of hy-pertension patients during the treatment of acute pulpitis,in order to obtain the risk prevention measures. Methods:In this study,90 different grades of hypertension patients with acute pulpitis were recruited from February 201 4 to February 201 5 in the Department of Oral Emergency,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.The information about the patients’general health,oral treatment,life signs of change information was collected.Patients were divided into high risk group,middle risk group, and low risk group (30 patients for each group).Results:(1 )Compared with the preoperative,systolic blood pressure (90%),diastolic blood pressure (80%),heart rate increase (1 00%)were increased in the high risk group.The increase rates of the middle risk group and the low risk group were significantly lower than those of the high risk group (P<0.01 ).At the same time,the systolic blood pressure of 1 /4 (26.7%)patients in high risk group increased more than 20 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.1 33 kPa),and the diastolic blood pressure of 2/5 patients in high risk group increased more than 1 0 mmHg,the difference was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P<0.05).(2)Compared with the pre-operative,the average increase of the maximum peak were increased [systolic blood pressure (1 8.0 ± 1 .5)mmHg,diastolic blood pressure (8.0 ±1 .7)mmHg],the mean of heart rate changes [(7.0 ± 0.3)beats per minute]was also increased in the high risk group,while these two indicators were de-creased in the low risk group and the middle risk group.The electrocardiogram (ECG)was changed in 6 cases during the treatment in the high risk group.No significantly changed were observed in the low risk group and the middle risk group.(3 ) Compared the risk assessment in preoperative with that in postoperative,in the middle risk group,23 cases were evaluated as medium risk in final evaluation,6 as low risk,and 1 as high risk (risk assessment increased);in the high risk group,20 cases were evaluated as high risk,7 as very high risk,and 3 as medium risk (risk assessment decreased).Conclusion:Oral treatment is very safe for patients with hypertension,but the risk factor,target organ damage,and com-plications will also increase the risk of cardiovascular events in elderly patients during the acute pulpitis treatment.Dentist should take some measures to avoid the risks.

Objective To construct, express and purify human scFv antibody (S1) against the recombinant SAG1 of Toxoplasma fused to magainin, and observe its protective effect against Toxoplasma in infected mice. Methods The S1 scFv antibody gene amplified from phagmid S1/pIT-2 fused to magainin was cloned into procaryotic expression vector pET-32c. The recombinant plasmid S1M/pET-32c proved by DNA sequencing was transformed into E.coli BL21, and induced for fusion expression of S1M with IPTG. The expressed S1M was purified with Ni 2+ chelating HiTrap HP column and detected with SDS-PAGE. The effect of reduction of infection of Toxoplasma was observed through in vivo and in vitro experiments in mice. Results The fused gene of S1 and magainin was successfully cloned into procaryotic expression vector pET-32c proved by DNA sequencing. The recombinant S1M protein about 43 kDa was expressed in E.coli as inclusion body, and prepared with Ni 2+ column purification. Tachyzoite of Toxoplasma preincubated with S1M showed decreased infectivity in mice, the result of in vivo experiments showed that mice treated with S1M hadlonger survival time than the mice untreated. Conclusion The purified targeting antimicrobial peptide S1M could reduce the infectivity of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma in a certain extent and has a potential value for biological therapy of toxoplasmosis; otherwise, the constructed targeting antimic robial peptide S1M also provides a new model for biological therapy of toxoplasmosis.

This article describes a novel Multifunctional and Transparent Urinary System Model (MTUSM), which can be applied to anatomy teaching, operational training of clinical skills as well as simulated experiments in vitro. This model covers kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, male and female urethra, bracket and pedestal, etc. Based on human anatomy structure and parameters, MTUSM consists of two transparent layers i. e. transparent organic glass external layer, which constraints the internal layer and maintains shape of the model, and transparent silica gel internal layer, which possesses perfect elasticity and deformability. It is obvious that this model is preferable in simulating the structure of human urinary system by applying hierarchical fabrication. Meanwhile, the transparent design, which makes the inner structure, internal operations and experiments visual, facilitates teaching instruction and understanding. With the advantages of simple making, high-findelity, unique structure and multiple functions, this model will have a broad application prospect and great practical value.
Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Biological ; Prostate ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urogenital System ; anatomy & histology

Objective To predict B cell epitopes in Sj22, Sj23, Sj14-3-3, Sj26 of Schistosoma japonicum with bioinformatics, and evaluate the antigenicity of these epitope proteins. Methods The complete DNA sequences of S.japonicum were predicted by BioSun system, the target B cell epitope genes were selected, cloned and expressed. The expressed fusion proteins were detected with the sera of schistosomiasis patients and health people for evaluation of their antigenicity. Results Eight B cell epitopes from four molecules of S.japonicum were predicted. The B cell epitopes of Sj22 probably located in 56-62 and 127-133 amino acids. The B cell epitopes of Sj23 probably located in 149-156 and 160-167 amino acids. The B cell epitopes of S14-3-3 probably located in 118-125 and 130-137 amino acids. The B cell epitopes of Sj26 probably located in 143-149 and 191-197 amino acids. The predicted epitope genes were cloned into pET-32c plasmid and expressed. Three of eight expressed fusion proteins of epitopes were reacted with the sera of schistosomiasis patients but not with health people. Conclusion Three epitope antigens with potential diagnosis value are determined.

Objective:To explore the effect of self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction on immune function, serum tumor markers and toxic and side effects of chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 88 patients with advanced gastric cancer who met the inclusion criteria in the hospital between December 2018 and December 2020 were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 44 in each group. The control group was treated with chemotherapy, and the observation group was given self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction on the basis of the control group. The two groups were treated for 4 consecutive cycles with 3 weeks as 1 cycle. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms were scored before and after treatment, and the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were detected by ELISA. The gastrointestinal reactions, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia and neurotoxicity were recorded and evaluated during treatment, and the clinical efficacy was assessed.Results:The total effective rate was 81.8% (36/44) in observation group and 61.4% (27/44) in control group (χ 2=4.53, P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of stomachache and gastric distension, poor appetite, shortness of breath, and drooping spirit in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=17.28, 11.91, 5.02, 5.65, all Ps<0.001) while the levels of serum IgG [(9.39±0.46)g/L vs. (8.54±0.23) g/L, t=10.96], IgA [(1.35±0.42) g/L vs. (1.07±0.15) g/L, t=6.90] and IgM [(0.92±0.09) g/L vs. (0.78±0.10) g/L, t=4.17] were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The levels of serum CEA [(9.07±1.01) μg/L vs. (14.89±2.13) μg/L, t=16.38] and CA125 [(24.87± 4.68) kU/L vs. (30.75±5.33) kU/L, t=5.50] were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During treatment, the toxic and side effects of gastrointestinal reactions, thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia and neurotoxicity were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group ( Z=18.52, 2.54, 3.12, 3.84, 2.34, P<0.05). Conclusion:Self-made Yiqi Yangyin Decoction can improve the TCM symptoms, enhance the immunity, reduce the levels of serum tumor markers, and relieve the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy of patients undergoing chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.

The air pollution related health hazards have been a major public health issue for a long time. As an important source of air pollution, diesel exhaust (DE) exposure associates with serious adverse health outcomes. Apart from the exposure in general population, extensive occupational DE exposure populations are reported in many industries, such as transportation, mining, shipping, and construction. Therefore, the studies for internal exposure levels, biomarkers, and toxic mechanisms of DE in occupational population are critical for protecting human from DE-posed health hazards. This special column published some novel findings involving DE exposure (internal & external exposure level), multiple biological effects, toxicity mechanisms, key molecular events, and crucial biomarkers. These studies will provide scientific data for controlling DE associated occupational health hazards, formulating effective DE pollution control strategies, and provide a new scientific perspective and evidence for health risk assessment and prevention.

Eight novel amide derivatives of corosolic acid were synthesized by acylation, amidation and hydrolysis reactions, etc. Six novel amide derivatives of oleanolic acid were synthesized by acylation, alkylation and reduction reactions, etc. Biological evaluation of the target compounds as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase(GP)has been described. Results indicated that eleven derivatives exhibited moderate-to-good inhibitory activities against glycogen phosphorylase. Among them, four target compounds possess better inhibition effects than lead compounds and compound 6 show the best inhibition effect with the IC50 of 11. 2 μmol/L.

Objective:To observe any effect of warm acupuncture on chondrocyte apoptosis and the miR-27a-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using a rat model of early knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a warm acupuncture group, an inhibitor group, and an inhibitor + warm acupuncture group (the combined group), each of 10. Three days before the modeling, both the inhibitor and combined groups were injected with miR-27a inhibitor. Papain was then injected in all groups except the control group to establish the early KOA model. After successful modeling, the combined and warm acupuncture groups were given 30 minutes of warm acupuncture at the medial and lateral Xiyan points daily for 14 days. The model and inhibitor groups were fixed for 30 minutes during those sessions. After the 2 weeks, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe any pathological changes in the cartilage tissue. Terminal deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling was used to detect chondrocyte apoptosis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed to observe the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, LC3-II, and Beclin1 proteins in the cartilage tissue, while quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions detected the content of miR-27a.Results:After the intervention, the morphology of the chondrocytes in the warm acupuncture group had improved significantly compared to the model group, while that of the inhibitor and combined groups was better than among the warm acupuncture group. The rate of chondrocyte apoptosis in the warm acupuncture group was significantly lower than in the model group, while the rates of the inhibitor and combined groups were lower still. There was no significant difference between the inhibitor and the combination group on average. The average expression of IL-6, IL-1β, LC3-II and Beclin1 protein and of miR-27a were significantly lower in the warm acupuncture, inhibitor and combined groups than among the model group, with those of the inhibitor and combined groups significantly lower than among the warm acupuncture group, on average. The average p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR levels of the warm acupuncture, inhibitor and combined groups were significantly higher than those of the model group, with those of the inhibitor and combined groups significantly higher, on average, than among the warm acupuncture group. However, there was no significant difference between the inhibitor group and the combined group in their protein expression and mRNA levels.Conclusions:Warm acupuncture may down-regulate the expression of miR-27a to promote the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting excessive autophagy and apoptosis. That would relieve inflammation and damage, and delay degeneration in early KOA, at least in rats.