OBJECTIVE:To analysis the micro-policy demand of medical institutions about carrying on qualified phar?maceutical service.METHODS:To compare the difference of pharmaceutical service and the policy between domestic and ov_ ersea medical institutions.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:To develop the pharmaceutical service of our country,the governm_ ent and authority should establish the encouraging and regulative policies about education,medicine,licensed pharmacist,personnel matters management,and so on.

Positive and meaningful exploration was conducted by related teachers to improve the teaching quality of oral clinical pharmacology.Case based teaching method was applied in the teaching of adverse reactions and bilingual teaching was employed in the teaching of local anesthesia.Correlation and comparison of the key knowledge points were emphasized in the teaching process. Students′ interests were aroused and satisfactory results were achieved through implementing these measures.

Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lead ; adverse effects ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects

Information Services ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted into the extracellular medium by a broad array of cells in culture.Exosome proteic and lipid composition is unique and might shed some light into exosome biogenesis and functions.Exosomes secreted from professional antigen-presenting cells(i.e.dendritic cells) and tumor cells are enriched in MHC class Ⅰ and Ⅱ complexes,costimulatory molecules,Hsp70-90 chaperones and tumor antigen,and have therefore been more extensively studied for their immunomodulatory capacities in vitro and in vivo.In this review,we will describle the definition and composition of exsomes and the main biological features pertaining to tumor or DC-derived exosomes,and will also present the early clinical results and limitation of their implementation in cancer immunotherapy.

In order to compare the characteristics of ethano l production, a serie s respiratory deficient mutants (rho -) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the ir wil d parent strain (rho +) were assayed for ethanol yield, ethanol fermentation ki netics, ethanol tolerance, and activities of ethanol-dehydrogenase. The data i nd icated that: Though the average amount of ethanol produced by mutants rho - a nd by wild rho + strains were similar, some mutants produced a little more amount of ethanol than wild type. The kinetics curve of ethanol fermentation suggested t h at rho - mutants had a little higher ethanol fermenting speeds than wild type . Th e activity of ethanol-dehydrogenase per unit weight of protein of rho - mutan ts c ells were higher than that of wild strain rho +; the activity of ethanol-dehyd rogenase per unit volume of fermentation medium of rho + were higher than that rho - mutants,mainly due to the higher biomass of rho + were higher than that of rho - mutan ts. Some rho - mutants could tolerate higher ethanol concentration than wild rh o + stra in, but some not. If higher ethanol tolerance and higher ethanol yield rho - mu tants were used in fermenting process,higher ethanol yield would be expected,but some problems such as that rho - mutants grew slowly should be considered.

Adult ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of radiofrequency endovenous obliteration (RFO) on superficial varicosities in lower extremity in the elderly. Methods The clinical data of 35 elderly patients (43 limbs) with primary great saphenous varicose vein, who were treated with RFO (20 limbs) or RFO in combination with high ligation procedures (23 limbs), were analyzed retrospectively. The therapeutic effects were evaluated at 1-3 years after RFO by the improvement of clinical symptom and signs, as well as results of color Doppler ultrasonography. Results Compared with single RFO group, the obstruction rate of great saphenous vein was higher [21(91.3%) vs. 14(70.0%), χ2 =5.467, P < 0. 05], and the recanalization rate was lower [2(8.7%) vs. 8(30.0%),χ2=4.251, P<0.05] in RFO combined with high ligation group. The recurrence rate of local varicose veins was lower[0 vs. 4(20. 0%),χ2 =7. 030, P<0. 013 in RFO plos high ligation group than in single RFO group. Conclusions RFO is an effective treatment with less trauma, more safety and less scars. Combined with high ligation procedure, the effectiveness may be better.

Objective To study the molecular pathogenesis of non -syndromic deafness in a Chinese family . Methods Clinical materials and DNA sample were obtained from the non -syndromic family with autosomal reces‐sive deafness .The exons and the flanking splicing sites of GJB2 and SLC26A4 were tested in all family members by PCR and direct sequencing .Results There were four deafness patients in the family ,and three of them had the same clinical phenotypes ,including prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss and enlarged vestibular ,while the re‐mained one only presented to be prelingual profound sensorineural hearing loss without malformation of temporal bone .One type of GJB2 mutation and 3 different types of SLC26A4 mutations were identified in the family .The proband(Ⅲ -1) ,her sister(Ⅲ -2) ,her mother(Ⅱ -4) and her father(Ⅱ -3) carried different biallelic mutations which were SLC26A4 c .919 -2A > G/p .H723R ,p .Q413R/c .919 -2A > G ,p .Q413R/p .H723R and GJB2 c . 235delC/c .235delC ,respectively .Conclusion Different from most reported deafness families with the same molecu‐lar etiology in each one ,interestingly ,the pathogenies were different among all affected members in this family . They were caused by different biallelic mutations of SLC26A4 or GJB2 .

Pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia is one of the best understood disease among human hematological malignancies. Becasue of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide which directly target the oncogenic promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic receptor A (PML-RARα) fusion protein, this disease became the first model for oncogene-targeted therapies.And other new therapy methods also gain great concern. The complexity of recent views of acute promyelocytic leukemia pathogenesis, as well as latest progress in clinical treatment were summarized and discussed in this review.