Objective To explore a simple and convenient method for the treatment of penis skin defect.Methods Since Jan.1995,the scrotal skin flaps have been used to repair the defects of the penis skin in 8 patients with penis skin infection.6 of these cases lost their whole penis skin,and 2 of them lost 2/3 of their penis skin.The granulation tissues in the defective area of penis skin were cut away,and then the normal aponeurosis of corpus cavernosum or spongiosum exposed.The scrotal skin flaps were designed and shaped.The flaps were transferred to cover the defects,and the incisions were closed.Results All the flaps in 8 cases survived completely.The follow-up period was 3 to 12 months after operation.All cases obtained satisfactory results to the contour and function of the penises.Conclusion This procedure is a much better method for repairing skin defects in the penis.It can be easily operated and completed in one-stage.The postoperative results are satisfactory.

BACKGROUND:Currently, discectomy, fusion or decompression is considered an effective and conventional method for the treatment of spinal disease. Although there have been many reports on the adverse effects of diabetes on spinal surgery, but there are stil some differences. OBJECTIVE:To systematical y evaluate the observational studies and case-control studies about the effect of diabetes on the complications of spinal surgery. METHODS:The control ed and comparative studies regarding the effect of diabetes on the results and complications of spinal surgery were searched from the database according to the inclusion criteria. The observed indicators including mortality, revision rate, surgical site infection, the incidence of venous thrombosis, blood loss, operative time and hospitalization time. Two authors participated in extracting the data and evaluating the methodology and quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines of epidemiological observational studies (MOOSE). The risk assessment of the extracted data was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eighteen literatures, involving 2 824 063 patients, were eventual y enrol ed. The experimental result showed that the mortality, surgical site infection, incidence of venous thrombosis of diabetic patients after the spinal surgery were significantly higher than those of non-diabetic patients;the hospital stay was significantly longer than that of non-diabetic patients (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the risk of revision, intraoperative blood loss and operation time between diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients (P>0.05). These results suggest that diabetic patients take a higher risk once accepting the spinal surgery than the non-diabetic patients. Diabetes increases the risks of postoperative mortality, surgical site infection, venous thrombosis and hospitalization time after spinal surgery.

Objective:To explore the impact of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) on response to 131I treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with different risk stratifications. Methods:A total of 181 patients with DTC (75 males, 106 females, age: (44.1±12.5) years), who received the first 131I treatment in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between January 2018 and February 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into low- to intermediate-risk and high-risk groups. The treatment response was categorized into excellent response (ER) and non-excellent response (non-ER). Factors being evaluated including age, sex, preablative stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg), UIC, etc. Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results:The UIC and ps-Tg in the low- to intermediate-risk group ( n=113) was 111.60(55.80, 204.65) μg/L and 2.08(0.63, 4.91) μg/L, respectively. Compared with the ER subgroup ( n=86), non-ER subgroup ( n=27) had higher UIC and ps-Tg level ( z values: -2.585, -4.511, both P<0.05). In the high-risk group ( n=68), UIC was 115.40(61.23, 167.28) μg/L and ps-Tg was 16.65(4.52, 43.45) μg/L. Compared with the ER subgroup ( n=20), non-ER subgroup ( n=48) had higher ps-Tg level ( z=-4.677, P<0.01), while the UIC was not significantly different between ER and non-ER subgroups ( z=-0.013, P>0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis indicated the ps-Tg level was the significant variable for non-ER in low- to intermediate-risk group (odds ratio( OR)=6.157(95% CI: 1.046-36.227); OR=22.965(95% CI: 3.591-146.857), both P<0.05) and high-risk group ( OR=9.696 (95% CI: 1.379-68.169), P<0.05); a high UIC could be an indicator of non-ER only in the low- to intermediate-risk group ( OR=3.715(95% CI: 1.201-11.488), P<0.05). Conclusions:The non-ER is associated with UIC in the low- to intermediate-risk group; however, UIC does not affect the non-ER in the high-risk group. Higher ps-Tg level is associated with non-ER in patients with low- to intermediate-risk and high-risk DTC.

BACKGROUND:In joint surgery, the commonly used autologous chondrocyte transplantation often used to repair cartilage defects, and poor integration is one of the reasons that leading to failure repairing. Chondrocytes migration capability is proven to have correlation with integration and some pathways, such as Src-phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1-extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 has been confirmed to have correlation with the migration ability of chondrocytes, but the correlation with the integration is stil unknown. OBJECTIVE:To determine the chondrocyte signaling pathways involved in autologous chondrocyte migration and their effects on cartilage integration in autologous chondrocyte implantation. METHODS:Articular chondrocytes were isolated from immature pig knee joints. The cells were divided into four groups:Src group, phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1 group, extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 group and control group, then the Boyden chambers were used to quantify the chondrocyte migration. The chondrocytes/cartilage ring integration model was developed and cultured for 28 days, and then histology, biochemistry, biomechanics, western blot analysis and celltracking analysis were performed to observe the differences between the control group and the suppression groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The migration ability of chondrocytes was significantly decreased after pretreated with inhibitors. After the chondrocytes/cartilage ring co-cultured for 28 days, Western blot analysis showed that the pathway inhibitors has been presented in the entire culture cycle. The number and length of chondrocytes migrated into the integration area, col agen secretion level, matrix and mechanical strength in the control group were higher than those in three suppression groups. The results suggest that chondrocyte migration ability can affect the cartilage integration capability through Src-phosphorylated phospholipase Cγ1-extracellular regulating kinase 1/2 signal transduction pathway.

Objective:To understand whether or not biofeedback therapy(BT)and cue- exposure therapy(CET)could decrease craving and heroin-related cue reactivity in abstinent heroin dependents.Methods:Adopting stratified sampling means,60 abstinent heroin dependents whose craving increased after cue exposed,were allocated to experiment group(n=36)and control group(n=24).The control group dependents received assistance and education.Beside the assistance and education,the experiment group also received 12 times combination therapies of BT and CET.Results:After therapies,the experiment group dependents' craving,EMG and skin conductance(SC)were all decreased compared with control group before cue exposures and after cue exposures[Before cue exposures,the indexes were:craving(3.06±7.26)mm vs.(22.32±20.26)mm;EMG(8.52±4.23)μV vs.(12.06±5.17)μV,SC(2.14±1.43)μS vs.(4.61±2.24)μS.After cue exposures the indexes were:craving(6.97±10.30)mm vs.(33.14±25.40)mm,MEG(8.72±4.31)μV vs.(14.79±5.86)μV,SC(2.15±1.33)μS vs.(4.49±2.59)μS;Ps≤0.01.Conclusion:The combination of biofeedback therapy and cue-exposure therapy could decrease the dependents' craving and cue reactivity sensitivity.

BACKGROUND:With the development of tissue engineering, autologous chondrocyte implantation is often used to repair cartilage defects. And poor integration is one of the common reasons that lead to failure repairing. Many models in vitro are used for related studies.
OBJECTIVE:To develop an interface integrated model of tissue engineered cartilage repair in vitro and to evaluate the effect.
METHODS:Cartilage integration model in vitro was established in pigs. Total y 21 cartilaginous rings were obtained and divided into agarose gel group (n=18) and control group (n=3). In agarose gel group, cartilage rings were covered with agarose gel. Chondrocytes were separated and implanted into the ring. The leakage of cells around the cartilage rings was observed. The sections were stained for histological observation at 1, 2, 4 weeks. The average area of neochondrocytes was measured and compared.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The results from the control group were not processed, because there was no chondrocyte aggregate formation in the center of the explant ring due to earlier chondrocyte leakage outside the explant. While no chondrocytes were found outside the explant ring in the agarose gel group. Tissue sections of the agarose gel group were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, Safranin-O and col agen type II immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, 4 weeks. Neochondrocytes proliferated within cartilage ring, and produced extracellular matrix. After 2 weeks of incubation, these inserted chondrocytes were significantly increased. There was no statistical y significant increment between 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P>0.05), although the area was further increased by 4 weeks. This model provides a convenient simulation of the cartilage integration process in vitro and has a potential application in studies of cartilage integration and cartilage tissue engineering.

Objective: To compare the ablation efficacy and therapy response with 1.1 GBq and 3.7 GBq ¹³¹I in postoperative patients with low- and intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC). Methods: A total of 190 patients (43 males, 147 females, age: (45.8±11.1)years) were enrolled from July 2016 to July 2017. Among them, 96 patients received 1.1 GBq ¹³¹I and 94 were given 3.7 GBq ¹³¹I. Diagnostic whole-body scan was performed 6 months after ¹³¹I ablation for treatment response evaluation, and the successful rate of ¹³¹I ablation was calculated. χ² test or Fisher′s exact test was used for data analysis. The cut-off value of ⁹⁹Tc^m-pertechnetate uptake for predicting the successful rate of remnant thyroid ablation in 1.1 GBq group was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The successful ablation rates in 1.1 GBq and 3.7 GBq groups were 79.2%(76/96) and 81.9%(77/94), respectively (χ²=0.229, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the therapy response between the two groups (χ²=1.371, P>0.05). The successful ablation rate in 3.7 GBq group was higher than that in 1.1 GBq group for patients with stage Ⅲ (5/6 vs 1/7, P=0.029). Moreover, for patients with 5 μg/Lvs 10/13, P=0.038). ROC curve analysis showed the cut-off value of ⁹⁹Tc^m-pertechnetate uptake for prediction of the successful ablation rate in 1.1 GBq group was 0.061 5. Conclusion The low- and intermediate-risk DTC patients with stage Ⅲ disease, 5 μg/L99Tc^m-pertechnetate uptake of remnant thyroid should be given 3.7 GBq other than 1.1 GBq ¹³¹I to obtain a better ablation efficacy.

Kidney is a highly energy-demanding organ rich in mitochondria. Numerous studies have indicated that mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining normal kidney function and in the pathogenesis of various kidney diseases. Mitochondrial DNA is the exclusive genome of mitochondria. Damage to mtDNA not only leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and degradation of mitochondrial quality, but also acts as an endogenous inflammatory molecule, activating various inflammatory pathways, which contribute to cellular damage and the progression of kidney diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA damage and its significant role in triggering inflammatory injury in kidney diseases. Additionally, it summarizes the current research progress on various intervention strategies targeting this type of damage.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of radical prostatectomy without biopsy for patients with highly suspected localized prostate cancer diagnosed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Methods:Patients were enrolled in this single-arm prospective study from March 2019 to January 2022 in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. Eligible patients were aged ≤80 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance-status score of 0 or 1. Based on mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, patients were diagnosed with highly suspected localized prostate cancer with no evidence of distant lymphatic, bone or visceral metastases. Patients were excluded if they had obvious important organs dysfunction, suspected metastatic lesions or history of other malignant tumor. After fully informed of the surgical risks and possibilities of final pathology, patients received laparoscopic or robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. According to final pathological results, the diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was evaluated. Pathological features were compared between low 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) group (SUV max<10) and high SUV max group (SUV max≥10). Baseline characteristics were compared between clinically significant prostate cancer (CsPCa) and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (cisPCa) + high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) patients. Additional analysis of the correlation between baseline parameters and different subgroups including pathological stage, ISUP grades and risk groups were performed in CsPCa patients. Results:31 patients were enrolled. Median age was 68 (ranging 48-79)years old. Median BMI was 25.6(ranging 21.9-31.4)kg/m 2. Median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 23.5 (ranging 5.6-94.7)ng/ml. Median prostate volume was 37.6(ranging 16.2-127.9)ml. Median PSA density (PSAD) was 0.56(ranging 0.11-2.86)ng/ml 2. Fifteen cases were scored prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 4 and 16 cases were scored PI-RADS 5. Median 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max was 13.3 (ranging 4.6-36.7). All surgeries were successfully accomplished without open conversion. Median postoperative hospitalization time was 5 (ranging 4-7)d. No major complication occurred perioperatively. Recovery of urinary continence was within 6 months in all patients. According to the final pathological results, 1(3.2%) patient was confirmed with HGPIN. 30 (96.8%) patients were confirmed with adenocarcinoma, including 26 (86.7%) patients with CsPCa and 4(13.3%) patients with cisPCa. Among prostate cancer cases, the pathological stage of 11(36.7%) was T 2 and 19(63.3%) was T 3. Four(13.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 1, 7(23.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 2, 7(23.3%) cases were with ISUP grade 3 and 12 (40.0%) cases were with ISUP grade≥4.Two(6.7%) cases were in low risk group, 3(10.0%) cases were in intermediate risk group and 25 (83.3%) cases were in high risk group. Twelve(40.0%) patients had positive surgical margins. Standard pelvic lymph node dissection was carried out in 18 (17 prostate cancer and 1 HGPIN) cases. Sixty-two lymph nodes were dissected and none of them was positive. The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was 96.8%(30/31) in prostate cancer. Compared to low SUV max group, patients in high SUV max group had higher ISUP grade ( P=0.003) but there was no significant difference in positive surgical margin, seminal vesical invasion or pathological stage ( P>0.05). Among CsPCa patients, 10 (38.5%) cases were scored PI-RADS 4 and 16(61.5%) cases were scored PI-RADS 5. Median 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max was 14.3 (range 6.1-36.7). Compared to cisPCa and HGPIN patients, a smaller median prostate volume (34.3 vs. 73.0 ml, P=0.006), higher median PSAD (0.70 vs. 0.13 ng/ml 2, P=0.001), higher rates of PI-RADS 5 patients (61.5% vs. 0, P=0.018) and higher 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT SUV max (14.3 vs. 6.1, P=0.001) were found in CsPCa patients. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between SUV max and pathological stage (25.5 vs. 13.9), ISUP grades (15.4 vs. 14.4 vs. 14.0) and risk groups (9.7 vs. 14.9) in CsPCa patients ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is high in prostate cancer. With efficient communication, radical prostatectomy without biopsy for patients with highly suspected localized prostate cancer diagnosed by mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is safe.

Objective: To investigate the expression and function of the TNF signaling pathway in the early stage of orthodontic tooth movement with periodontitis and to provide evidence to study the early inflammatory response in patients with periodontitis orthodontic treatment. Methods: Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A--12 h of orthodontic tooth movement of the bilateral maxillary first molars in rats with periodontitis; group B--periodontitis model of the bilateral maxillary first molars without orthodontic tooth movement; group C--12 h of orthodontic tooth movement of the same teeth in rats with healthy periodontium; group D--control group without operations. The bilateral maxillary first molars and surrounding periodontal tissue of each group were collected for gene chip detection. Pathway enrichment analysis, qRT-PCR and GO (gene ontology) analysis were performed to identify differential genes involved in the TNF signaling pathway. Results : Gene chip results showed that the TNF signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in group A, group B and group C (P <0.01). Among the differential genes involved in the pathway, 28 were upregulated and 5 were downregulated in group A, 12 were upregulated and 4 were downregulated in group B, and 12 were upregulated and 1 was downregulated in group C (P <0.05). The most significant GO items included "response to lipopolysaccharide", "inflammatory response", "positive regulation of NF-κB transcription factor activity", "positive regulation of NF-κB import into nucleus" and "response to hypoxia"(P <0.001). qRT-PCR results showed no significant difference in TNF-α mRNA expression in group C compared with that in group D, TNF-α was upregulated in both groups A and B (P <0.01), and mRNA expression decreased in the following order: group A > group B > group C (P <0.05). Compared with group D, the expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) in groups A, B and C were significantly upregulated (P <0.05), but the expression levels of PTGS2 and IL-6 in group A were lower than those in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion The TNF signaling pathway is activated in the early stage of orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis. The pathway products participate in many biological processes and play an important role in the inflammatory response and bone absorption.