Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.

Objective To study the therapeutic effects and its possible mechanism ofBushen Paidu Mixture on renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods A total of 60 mice were randomly divided into a normal group,UUO group, Bushen Paidu Mixture group and Lotensin group. Mice models were induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). Execute the mice at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after UUO. The involved kidney were separated and had HE staining. Determine integrinβ1 in kidney tissue through immunohistochemical methods. Results Integrinβ1 tissues had a weak expression in normal kidney. Integrinβ1 expressed higher in UUO group than normal group. The expression of integrinβ1 in Bushen Paidu Mixture group and Lotensin group was lower than the UUO group at every timing point. There is no significant difference between the Bushen Mixture group and Lotensin group in terms of integrinβ1 expression. Conclusion Bushen Paidu Mixture can slow down the process of renal interstitial fibrosis through regulating integrinβ1 expression.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation of Compound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel. METHODS:Using the comprehensive score(total score was 15.0)composed by forming property,glossiness,uniformity,viscosity,pH,spreadable prop-erty and stability as indexes,using the usage amount of carbomer 940,propylene glycol,triethanolamine and extracts in formula as study factors,orthogonal test was designed to optimized the formulation of Compound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel,and the verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal matrix formulation was as follow as carbomer 9401.0 g,azone 2.0 g,so-dium bisulfite 0.4 g,extracts 50 mL,propylene glycol 10 g,triethanolamine 1.0 g,adding water to 100 g. The average comprehen-sive score of the gel in verification test was 14.8 (RSD=1.35%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimized formulation of Com-pound tripterygium hypoglaucum gel shows good forming property,the quality meets the requirements.

Objective: To investigate the trend in mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy. Methods: Data on mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System, and the cause of death composition ratio and crude mortality were calculated. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trend in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: There were 13 301 malignant tumor deaths reported in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 31.26% of the total cause of death and ranking the first among the causes of death. The crude mortality was 186.36/105 and standardized mortality was 106.63/105. There was no significant trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 (P>0.05), while the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.409%, P<0.05). The crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors were higher in men than in women (241.40/105 vs. 133.37/105; 132.66/105 vs. 79.35/105; both P<0.05). There was no obvious trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in men (P>0.05), and the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-3.017%, P<0.05). While there was no obvious trend in the crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors in women (P>0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline among residents at ages of 15 to 44 years and 65 years and older (AAPC=-3.933% and -2.413%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors was higher in men than in women among residents at ages of 0 to 14 years, 45 to 64 years and 65 years and older (all P<0.05). The five most common causes of death included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer, accounting for 66.96% of all malignant tumors. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer from 2017 to 2022 showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.815%, P<0.05). Conclusions The standardized mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022. Management of malignant tumors should be given a high priority among men at ages of 45 years and older, and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer were leading causes of death.

Objective: To investigate the mortality, probability of premature death and trends due to malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of chronic diseases prevention and control strategies. Methods: The deaths of the four diseases in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2021 were collected from Zhejiang Provincial Chronic Diseases Surveillance Information Management System. The crude mortality, standardized mortality and probability of premature death were calculated. The trends in mortality and probability of premature death were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC), and the attainment of probability of premature death due to the four diseases was evaluated using the targets of probability of premature death control in 2025 and 2030. Results: Totally 36 130 deaths due to the four diseases were reported in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2021. The crude mortality and standardized mortality were 445.20/105 and 237.81/105, which appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.427% and -4.051%, both P<0.05), and the probability of premature death decreased from 9.99% to 7.82%, (AAPC=-4.123%, P<0.05). The standardized mortality of malignant tumors, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-3.017%, -4.999%, and -6.024%, all P<0.05), while there was no significant trend in the standardized mortality of diabetes (AAPC=-0.847%, P>0.05). The probability of premature death due to malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-4.167%, P<0.05), while there was no significant trends seen in the probability of premature death due to diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and chronic respiratory diseases (AAPC=0.638%, -5.250% and -2.022%, all P>0.05). The average probability of premature death due to the four diseases decreased by 4.00% each year, and decreased by 6.64% in 2025 and 5.42% in 2030 as predicted, which were both lower than the target values of 7.99% and 6.99%. Conclusions The mortality and probability of premature death due to the four diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2021, with the probability of premature death of malignant tumors decreased significantly. It is predicted that the probability of premature death of the four diseases can reach the target in 2025 and 2030.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control strategy for malignant tumors. Methods: Data on incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were calculated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 476.95/105, 333.30/105, 257.01/105, 28.30% and 425.79/105 in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=4.36%, 3.82%, 3.99%, 3.79% and 5.20%, all P<0.05). The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 491.47/105, 313.31/105, 251.51/105, 28.78% and 338.82/105 among men, and both the crude incidence and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=3.00% and 1.73%, both P<0.05), while the crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 462.98/105, 348.46/105, 262.13/105, 27.74% and 504.91/105 among women, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.77%, 5.72%, 5.79%, 5.65% and 7.48%, all P<0.05). The incidence of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age, and the crude incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise among people at ages of 15 to 44 years and 45 to 64 years (AAPC=9.85% and 4.88%, both P<0.05). Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer were the five most common cancers, accounting for 59.63% of all malignant tumors, and the incidence of lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer all showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.90%, 13.01%, 4.60% and 4.47%, all P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020. The rise in the incidence of malignant tumor was higher in females than in males, and malignant tumors tended to develop at a young age. Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer are major malignancies that threaten human health in Xiaoshan District.

Objective To investigate the infection rates of mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe),mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and mycoplasma ferments (Mf) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),chronic kideny disease (CKD),and heathy people,to compare the difference of infection rate,and to analyze the association of mycoplasma infection and clinicopathological features in IgAN.Methods Blood samples were collected from 118 patients in IgAN group,90 patients in CKD group,and 89 cases in health control group.DNA of Mpe,Mp and Mf was detected in plasma by PCR.Positive cases were confirmed by Southern blot.According to mycoplasma infection,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,then analyzed the clinicopatholgical features.Results (1)Genus,Mpe,Mp,and Mf positive rates were 33.05％,16.1％,25.45 ％,and 8.47％ in IgAN group,respectively; 5.56％,2.22％,5.56％,and 2.22％ in CKD group,respectively; and 3.33 ％,1.11％,2.22％,and 0 in health group,respectively.Compared with CKD and health group,patients in IgAN group had a higher infection rate in Genus,Mpe,and Mp (P ＜ 0.05).In IgAN group,10 patients had three kinds of mycoplasmas infection at the same time,and positive rate was 8.47％ much higher than CKD group (positive rate was 2.22％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Based on mycoplasm detection results,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,overlapping infection group and mycoplasma negative group.In overlapping infection group,the mean age of onset was much younger than negative group.Compared with negative group,overlapping infection group had higher tonsillitis and urinary tract infection rate,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with IgAN had higher infection rate of Genus,Mpe and Mp,compared with CKD patients and health people.Compared with mycoplasma negative group in IgAN patients,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion in overlapping infection group,which suggested that infection of Mpe might have some possible connection with IgAN.

Objective To observe the changes of intraocular pressure(IOP)in surgical treatment of Arnold-Chiari malformation.Methods The IOP of 20 patients who underwent surgical treatment of ArnoldChiari malformation were detected by Tono-Pen tonometer at 5 min utes after general anesthesia(T0),5 minutes after prone position(T1),30 minutes after prone position(T2),60 minutes after prone position(T3),prone position before the end of operation(T4),5 minutes after recovery prostration position(Ts)and 30 minutes after prostration position(T6),mean aortic pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR)and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end tidal(PETCO2)were recorded at the same time.With the prone position,head was fixed bead-holder with skull pin.Results There was no statistical difference in MAP,HR,PEtCO2 at each time point(P＞ 0.05).The IOP significantly increased at T1[(20.9 ±2.5)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)],T2[(17.7 ± 1.7)mm Hg],T3[(23.9 ±2.4)mm Hg],T4[(26.3 ± 1.0)mm Hg]compared with IOP at T0 [(9.5 ± 1.5)mm Hg](P ＜ 0.05),there were significant differences between T2 and T3,T3 and T4(P ＜ 0.05).Recovery prostration position,the IOP decreased gradually,IOP at T5[(18.6 ± 1.8)mm Hg]was significantly lower than that at T4(P ＜ 0.05),but T5 was still higher than T0(P ＜ 0.05).The IOP at T6[(10.3 ± 1.7)mm Hg]was no difference compared with T0.Inserting of skull pin might be increase IOP for a moment,the IOP at T; was significantly higher than that at T2(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion IOP gradually increases as the patients prone position changes in surgical treatment of Arnold-Chiari malformation,and inserting of skull pin maybe increase IOP for a moment.

AIM: To compare the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and balanced anesthesia on stress response on suspensive laryngoscope vocal cords surgery. METHODS: Thirty patients undergone microlaryngeal surgery were randomly divided into two groups(n=15). Analgesia and amnesia slow induction was used in all patiens with nosal incubation. During maintenance of anesthesia, propofol, remifentanil and scopolamine were used in total intravenous anesthesia group(group TIVA); fentanyl, scopolamine and isoflurane were used in balanced anesthesia group(group BAL). Record the data of each group,including base data, after induction, end of tracheal intubation,3 min after intubation, setting the suspensive laryngosopy, 3 min after setting the suspensive laryngosopy, removing the trachea, MAP, HR of each time, the time of recovery. The blood concentrations of epinephrine (E), noradrenalin(NE),cortisol,IL-6 were measured at each time point of base data, end of tracheal intubation, setting the suspensive laryngosopy, 3 min after setting the suspensive laryngosopy. RESULTS: There is no significant difference of HR, MAP, blood concentration of E,NE, cortisol, IL-6 at end of tracheal intubation compared with base data. AT setting the suspensive laryngosopy,3 min after setting the suspensive laryngosopy, HR, MAP, blood concentrations of E, NE, cortisol, IL-6 in group BAL were all higher than that of base data,and were also higher than group TIVA at the same time. The recovery time of group TIVA was shorter than that of group BAL. CONCLUSION: Analgesia and amnesia slow induction with nosal intubaion and maintenance with remifentanil, propofol can inhibit sudden change of hemodynamics and stress response of intubation and setting the suspensive laryngoscope, with quicker recovery .It is an ideal anesthesia method for suspensive laryngoscope vocal cords surgery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) with pattern and red color plastic plates in video-electroencephalography(EEG).Methods Three hundred and fifty-eight patients hospitalized in Wuhan Children's Hospital from March 2013 to March 2014 were selected,and they were examined by using stroboscope with a red plastic plate,a dots printed plastic plate,and ordinary white flicker for photic driving response (PDR),photoparoxysmal responses (PPR),photoconvulsive response (PCR).The results of patients with PDR,PPR,PCR were analyzed.Results The PDR synchronously evoked by the three flickering patterns were in 29 cases,and the amplitude of photic drivings evoked by ordinary white flicker and red flicker were higher than that of flickering dot pattern [(30.294 ± 7.767) μV,(31.103 ± 8.920) μV vs (24.436 ± 8.075) μV],and there were significant differences(t =2.983,2.815,P =0.003,0.008).However,there was no significant difference between ordinary white flicker and red flicker (t =0.368,P =0.710).The PPR evoked were in 17 cases,and 16 cases (94.12％) of them were evoked by red color,while 10 cases (58.82％) wcre evoked by white light,and 1 case only evoked by flickering dot pattern.However,stronger intensity and longer duration time of PPR were evoked by red color than by white light.In 3 patients with positive PCR,the epileptic seizure was more likely to be evoked by red color or pattern plastic plate.Conclusions IPS with red and pattem plastic plate is more potent in eliciting photosensitive epilepsy in video-EEG than the ordinary white light.Moreover,it could reduce the discomfort of eyes without influencing PDR in comparison to the ordinary white light.