This paper describes the development and challenge of HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network and quality assurance system in China. At present, the HIV/AIDS testing laboratories includes three classes, the National AIDS Reference Laboratory, HIV/AIDS confirmatory laboratories and HIV/AIDS screening laboratories. All of them are accredited by the health authorities, and each class of laboratories take charge of their function strictly according to the "National Management of HIV/AIDS Detection (2006)". A complete quality assurance and quality control system for HIV/AIDS testing has been developed, which includes technical training, strict laboratory monitoring and approval,examination or proficiency testing on HIV/AIDS detection, and quality evaluation and supervision of HIV/AIDS diagnostic kits. Besides conduct the routine anti-HIV antibody test, more and more laboratories began to conduct other tests, such as CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counting, HIV viral load, HIV DNA PCR, genotyping, drug resistance, and HIV-1 recent infection test. The primary challenges faced by the HIV/AIDS testing laboratory network are in the areas of laboratory management and quality control. For example, the provincial PT program is inefficient, the internal quality control is conducted perfunctorily, personnel training can not met the needs of the workplace, which need to be improved.

Microvessel density (MVD) is the gold standard to evaluate tumor angiogenesis. Contrastenhanced sonography has been developing fast in recent years. By measuring perfusion parameters, it can represent the degree of new angiogenesis of gynecologic malignant tumors indirectly, and evaluate the biobehavior and prognosis of tumor. The advances of correlations between contrast-enhanced sonographic appearance and MVD of gynecologic malignant tumors were reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol on pyramidal neuron apoptosis in hippocampus of neonatal rats. Methods: Forty-twoseven-day-old male and female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=14):group A received intraperitoneal 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for seven days as control;group B received 0.9% normal saline(7.5 ml/kg)once per day for six days and propofol(75mg/kg)on the seventh day;group C received propofol(75 mg/kg)once per day for seven days. Two animals of each group were tested for blood glucose with tails cut off 3 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection,and six animals of each group were decapitated 5 hours after the last intraperitoneal injection for determination of caspase-3 expression with immuno-histochemistry. The other six animals of each group were decapitated after 3 weeks for microscopic examination. Results:Compared with group A,caspase-3 expression significantly increased while the number of pyramidal neurons decreased to different degree in both group B and C. More evident changes of the above were discovered in group C than that in group B,and the morphous of pyramidal neurons altered were only found in group C. Conclusion:The fact that increased caspase-3 expression leads to pyramidal neurons deletion to different degree was found in the rats which had received propofol.But the morphous ofpyramidal neurons altered onlywhen propofol had been repeatedlyinjected.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of gastrodin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside, imperatorin and isoimperatorin in Yuzhen powder.Methods: A Phenomenex Gemini C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used and the column temperature was 25℃.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1 and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water with gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the sample size was 5 μl.Results: The linear range of gastrodin was 2.68-214.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 5.22-418.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7), and the average recovery was 99.9%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of 5-O-methylvisammioside was 4.57-365.8 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.7%(RSD=1.0%, n=6);the linear range of imperatorin was 5.22-417.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6), and the average recovery was 99.0%(RSD=0.9%, n=6);the linear range of isoimperatorin was 5.29-423.2 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8), and the average recovery was 100.2%(RSD=0.8%, n=6).Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, and the contents of the five ingredients can be determined simultaneously.The method can be used for the quality control of Yuzhen powder.

A clinically isolated syndrome(CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode in which a patient has symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.And it often affects optic nerves,the brainstem,or the spinal cord,and 30％-70％ of the CIS patients may develop multiple sclerosis(MS).Disease-modifying treatments may delay the development from CIS to MS.Their use in CIS is limited because of uncertain long-term clinical prognosis,treatment benefits and adverse effects.This article reviews the advances of predictive markers of conversion to MS after a CIS,in order to provide the reference for clinical treatment.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Psoriasis ; therapy

By analyzing the characteristics of maternal abdominal ECG (Electrocardiogram), a method based on wavelet transform and matched filtering is proposed to detect the R-wave in fetal EGG (FECG). In this method, the high-frequency coefficients are calculated by using wavelet transform. First, the maternal QRS template is obtained by using the arithmetic mean scheme. Finally, the R-wave of FECG is detected based on matched filtering. The experimental results show that this method can effectively eliminate the noises, such as the maternal ECG signal and baseline drift, enhancing the accuracy of the detection of fetal ECG.
Abdomen ; Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Wavelet Analysis

OBJECTIVE: We detected expression of MMP9 to discuss its role in the occurrence and development of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. METHOD: The immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of MMP9 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma tissues (Experimental group) and corresponding normal mucosa tissues (Control group). Relationship between MMP9 and the main clinical features of patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma was analysed. RESULT: Positive expression rates of MMP9 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and corresponding normal mucosa tissues were 81. 25% and 18. 52% respectively. Positive expression rate of MMP9 was not significantly correlated with patient's age and gender (P>0. 05), but correlated with pathological type (P<0. 05). The expression of MMP9 mRNA in sinonasal squamous carcinoma tissues was 30. 66 times of tissues adjacent to carcinoma (P<0. 05). Western blot analysis also showed that the expression of MMP9 protein in squamous carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than tissues adjacent to carcinoma (P<. 05). CONCLUSION The expression of MMP9 was significantly higher in the sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and correlated with the degree of differentiation. The results suggest that MMP9 may play a role in the occurrence and development of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and degree of malignancy from the protein and cellular and molecular level. The higher degree of malignancy, the stronger expression.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; enzymology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Mucous Membrane ; enzymology ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; enzymology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To evaluate the effiicacy of nasotracheal intubation using blind tracheal intubation device and end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique in patients with difficult airway.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 35-60 yr,weighing 55-75 kg,requiring nasotracheal intubation,undergoing selective oral and maxillofacial surgery,were involoved in this study.All of them were expected to have difficuh airway such as mouth opening ＜ 3 cm,neck upward degree ＜ 30° and Mallampati classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ,The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =30):group Ⅰ received tracheal intubation with the blind tracheal intubation device and group H received tracheal intubation with the blind intubation device combined with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique.The number of successful intubation,the inlubation time and adverse effects during intubation(epistaxis,tachycardia,hypertension and hypoxemia)and after operation(sore throat and hoarseness)were recorded.Results The rate of successful intubation in the two groups was 100％.Tachycardia,hypertension,hypoxemia and hoarseness were not found in the two groups.Compared with group I,the rate of successful intubation at first attempt was significantly increased,the intubation time was significantly shortened,and the incidence of epistaxis and sore throat was decreased in group Ⅱ(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The blind intubation device combined with end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technique used in diffficult airway can shorten the intubation time,increase the success rate of tracheal intubation,and decrease the occurrence of adverse effects.

al blood lactic acid monitoring is simple, easy and practical to use in predicting prognosis of ICU patients sensitively.