Objective To investigate the effects of anticancer bioactive fraction AMH-T of lichen on blood routine,organ coefficient and organ morphology by canying out short-term repeated dose toxicity test in rat so as to provide evidence for the development of anticancer drugs.Methods The nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:DDP group,DMSO group,and three AMH-T groups with the dosage of 50mg/kg,100mg/kg,and 200 mg/kg respectively.The weights of the mice were recorded every four days.At the end of the experiment,automatic biochemical analyzer and blood cell analyzer were applied to detect the serum biochemical indicators and blood routine indexes.The mice were dissected to observe the pathological changes in main organs.Heart,liver,spleen,kidney and testicle were weighed for organ coefficient calculation.Results In short-term repeated dose toxicity test,AMH-T significantly increased blood ALT and AST levels (P＜0.01) and significant change was found in other blood biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes.AMH-T had no obvious effect on weight,development of heart,liver,spleen,kidney and testicle.Conclusion When subcutaneous injection is performed,AMH-T shows hepatotoxicity,but it shows no toxicity on bone marrow hematopoietic function.

Objective To provide safety reference for the development of anti-cancer drugs by evaluating thetoxicological safety of the anticancer bioactive fraction AMH-T of lichen through the understanding of its poisonous nature and the intensity.Methods Acute toxicity test,bone marrow micronucleus test in mice,sperm malformation test in rats,Ames test and short-term repeat drug test in mice were conducted.Results Male mice were injected LD50 of 147 mg/kg and female mice 171 mg/kg.Conclusion Injection of AMH-T has acute toxicity and liver toxicity,but has no genetic toxicity.

Dental operating microscope is recommended to complicated root canal therapy, for it could provide increased lighting and superior magnification, so that the survival rate of tooth is highly increased. More refined access of cavity preparation, canal cleaning, shaping and obturating are realized under microscope. This article combined literature reviews with the writers’ clinical experience, and it aims at helping clinicians to improve their ability to more accurately performance and minimally invasive endodontic procedures, such as locating hidden canals obstructed by calcifications, canals reduced in size, removing materials, reducing ledge formation, apical transportation, and repairing perforations.

Objective: To analyze characteristics of virus infections in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to analyze the role of virus infection in acute exacerbations of COPD. Methods: Totally 193 patients of COPD with acute exacerbations admitted to the Hospital of Sichuan Provincial Armed Police Force from April 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled as group A, and 50 patients of COPD in stable stage in the same period were enrolled as group B. IgM antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus in two groups were detected. General conditions and total virus infection rate were analyzed. Infection rates of each virus in group A were calculated. Proportion of single virus infection, two virus infections and several virus infections in group A with virus infection were calculated. Virus infection rates in different seasons in group A were also analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in age, sex, and course of disease between the two groups(P>0.05). The virus infection rate of group A was 13.47%, which was higher than that of group B(χ²=5.29, P<0.05). The most common virus found in group A was influenza B virus(infection rate 12.44%), followed by influenza A virus(infection rate 7.78%), parainfluenza virus(infection rate 7.25%), adenovirus(infection rate 2.63%), respiratory syncytial virus(infection rate 1.32%). Single virus infection accounted for 34.6% of acute exacerbation COPD patients with virus infection, and two virus infections accounted for 15.4%, and three or more virus infections accounted for 50%. Virus infection rate in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring, but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusions This study showed that 14.37% of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD had viral infections, and most of them were infected with two or more viruses. Virus infection may play an important role in the acute exacerbation of COPD, and we need to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of virus infection in patients with COPD.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for prevention and control measures of island regions through analyzing the characteristics of malignant tumor incidence and mortality in eastern island areas of China and comparing the data with the national cancer mortality data in the same period. Methods:Using the incidence and mortality data of malignant tumor in Daishan county,Zhoushan collected by the Daishan Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)from 2014 to 2019,which was stratified by gender,the crude incidence rates(CIR)and crude mortality rates(CMR)were calculated,and the top 10 malignant tumors with the highest incidence or mortality rates were then ranked.The Segi's world standard population was used to calculate the age-standardized incidence(ASIR)and age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR).The local data were compared with the national cancer mortality data from 2014 to 2019,and Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between these two sets of data using the SPSS software.The difference was considered statistically significant when P<0.05. Results:There was a total of 7 305 incidence cases of malignant tumors in Daishan county,Zhoushan from 2014 to 2019.The CIR was 662.39/105 and the ASIR was 306.81/105.Notably,the CIR was the highest in the age group of 75-79 years old.The top 5 malignant tumors with the highest incidence rates were lung cancer(27.15％),gastric cancer(12.76％),liver cancer(10.95％),colorectal cancer(6.92％)and breast cancer(5.42％),whose ASIR were 75.09/105,32.06/105,31.01/105,17.81/105 and 18.36/105,respectively.There was a total of 3 412 mortality cases of malignant tumors in Daishan county,Zhoushan from 2014 to 2019.The CMR was 309.39/105 and the ASMR was 122.73/105.Notably,the CMR was the highest in the age group of 80-85 years old.The top 5 malignant tumors with the highest mortality rates were lung cancer(24.94％),liver cancer(18.64％),gastric cancer(17.00％),colorectal cancer(7.56％)and esophageal cancer(5.72％),whose ASMR were 29.65/105,24.97/105,19.01/105,8.75/105 and 6.60/105,respectively.The total ASMR of malignant tumors in Daishan county,Zhoushan was higher than national total ASMR from 2014 to 2019(100.34/105)(P<0.001).Specifically,the ASMR of gastric cancer,lung cancer and colorectal cancer in Daishan county were significantly higher than national levels(gastric cancer:12.46/105;liver cancer:16.45/105;colorectal cancer:6.63/105)(P<0.01),whereas no significant difference in the ASMR of lung cancer and esophageal cancer between Daishan county and the whole nation(lung cancer:28.06/105;esophageal cancer:7.61/105)was observed. Conclusion:Lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were malignant tumors with higher incidence and mortality rates in Daishan county,Zhoushan from 2014 to 2019.Particularly,the ASMR of gastric cancer,liver cancer and colorectal cancer were significantly higher than the national levels,and these malignant tumors should be considered as the major focus of cancer prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo compare the annual and age trends of the age-standard incidence rate （ASIR） and the age-standard mortality rate （ASMR） of lung cancer in countries with different human development index （HDI） from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe data were collected from the global burden of disease study and GLOBOCAN 2020. The average annual percentage change （AAPC） and age trends of ASIR and ASMR in lung cancer were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression model， and the comparison between the four groups was analyzed by Kruskale-Wallis analysis. ResultsIn 2020， the incidence and mortality of lung cancer gradually increased with age and HDI grade. From 1990 to 2019， the global ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer decreased， and the ASIR of lung cancer among male decreased， while the ASIR of lung cancer among female increased. The results showed that ASIR of lung cancer in female residents in countries with very high HDI increased significantly from 1996 to 2011， resulting in an overall upward trend in female ASIR， while the other groups showed a downward trend. It was found that ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer in China and India were on the rise， while ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer in Russia and the United States were on the decline. ConclusionAlthough very high/high HDI countries face a higher burden of lung cancer occurrence and death， the accumulation of lung cancer burden is completed in the transitioning period. Therefore， lung cancer prevention measures in countries in transition are critical for global lung cancer control.