Objective To explore the value of enzyme‐linked immunospot(ELISPOT ) assay in the diagnosis of acquired immu‐nodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection .Methods 42 hospitalized AIDS patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and 60 non‐tuberculosis hospitalized patients with diseases of respiratory system in the same period were recruited as observation group and control group ,respectively .ELISPOT assay ,tuberculosis antibody(TBAb) test and tuberculin skin test(TST) were performed for all the patients ,respectively .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the 3 meth‐ods were comparatively analyzed .Results The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of ELISPOT were 92 .9% ,93 .3% and 93 .1% . These of TBAb were 54 .8% ,71 .7% and 64 .7% ,and of TST were 47 .6% ,53 .3% and 51 .0% ,respectively .There were significant differences among three methods in sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of ELIS‐POT were the highest in the 3 methods(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences between TBAb test and TST in sensitivi‐ty ,specificity and accuracy(P>0 .05) .Conclusion ELISPOT assay has relatively high diagnostic value in AIDS patients with My‐cobacterium tuberculosis infection .

Cholecystolithiasis is a common disease of the digestive system. In recent years, due to the changes in diet and daily living habits, the incidence of cholecystolithiasis in the world is rising gradually. Choledocholithiasis can form initially in situ, mainly due to infection and cholestasis, but also secondary to cholecystolithiasis or intrahepatic bile duct stones.Symptomatic gallstone disease in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment.However, for patients with common bile duct calculi, traditional open surgery, laparoscopic combined choledochoscope, laparoscopic combined endoscopic and laparoscopic combined laser lithotripsy are all effective ways of treatment. But which one specific operation method is the best choice has yet to agree a consensus. In this paper, several different surgical treatment methods of common bile duct calculi are reviewed in order to provide certain reference value for clinical practice.

The relationships between cholinergic neurons and SP terminals were examined in the rat sacral ventral horn at the light and electron microscopic levels by means of double immunostaining methods. Cholinergic neurons were labeled by a monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) with the avidin-biotin technique and stained bluish-green by indolyl-?-galactoside reaction products with ?-galactosidase as a marker. On the same sections, SP fibers were labeled by polyclonal antisera to SP after application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and stained brown by diaminobenzidine (DAB)reaction. At the light microscopic level CHAT-I neurons stained bluish-green and SP- I fibers Stained brown were found in the ventral horn. At the electron microscopic level, many asymmetrical axodendritic synapses(type I of Gray)were observed between CHAT-I dendrites and SP-I terminals in the ventral horn, but axosomatic synapses and symmetrical synapses (type I of Gray) were hardly detected. These results indicate that SP-I terminals make direct synapses with CHAT-I motoneurons of sacral ventral horn. These synapses may be predominantly excitatory and have importance in the control of muscular constriction.

In the universities of our country,there still exists such problems about the construction of innovative environment as the lack of the conception of innovation education,the backward institutional and teaching surroundings,the thin science atmosphere and so on,which restrict the growth of the innovative person.To create the innovative environment,our universities should construct the sound management institution of students and teachers,supply reasonable appraising mechanism and the teaching condition and at the same time create good science atmosphere.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of partial tubeless and traditional percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) in treatment of upper urinary calculus and to evaluate the clinical feasibility and value. Methods 206 patients with upper urinary calculus were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from May 2013 to May 2014 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were randomized into the observation group (tubeless PCNL group) and the control group (traditional PCNL group). The operation time,stone clearance rate,visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs,hemoglobin decrease,blood transfusion,bleeding,fever, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life were compared. Results All the operations were successfully finished. There were no statistically significant difference in operation time,stone clearance rate,hemoglo-bin decrease,bleeding,blood transfusion and fever (P>0. 05),but the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,usage of analgesic drugs, leakage of urine,postoperative hospital stay,hospitalization expenses and the time of patients return to normal life of the observation group were evidently lower than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion As partial tubeless PCNL have a great advantage on ease post-operative pain,shorten postoperative hospital stay,reduce hospitalization expenses and accelerate patients return to normal life,it is safe and effective for the treatment of upper urinary calculus,and it should be popularized and applied.

Objective:To analyse the actual position of denture base and its relationship with the anatomic marks of alveolar ridge. Methods:According to the standardized process,10 sets of complete dentures were fabricated for edentulous patients by taking func-tional impression.Before and after completion of denture fabrication,trial wearing and full adjustment one week after application,the margin extension,thickness and form of the denture bases were measured.The relationship of denture base outline with anatomic marks of alveolar ridges was observed.Results:The most adjusted regions of upper and lower complete denture bases were hamular notch area,buccal shed area,far middle buccal corner region and retromylohyoid ridge area(P <0.05).Buccal outline of mandibular base was consistent with the external oblique ridge and the base edge corresponding to masseter muscle attachment in far middle buccal corner region was excluded from the base.Lingual outline was relieved in area of lingual frenum and was consistent with mandibular torus.Conclusion:Denture base is easily over extended in hamular notch area,buccal shed area,far middle buccal corner region and retromylohyoid ridge area.