Objective To introduce transforming growth factor ?(TGF ?) and the relationship between TGF ? and graft rejection. Methods Relevent articles in recent years were reviewed.Results The immunodepressive function of TGF ? could resist transplant organ rejection injury in early postoperative period ; meanwhile TGF ? also caused fibroblast migration and promoted matrix deposition by increasing collagen production and decreasing collagen breakdown via inhibition of collagenases,which resulted in transplant organ fibrosis and arteriosclerosis, gene polymorphisms of the TGF ? were associated with it. Moreover,ischemia reperfusion injury and immunodepressive drug also affected production of TGF ?.Conclusion TGF ? as a pleiotropic and multifunctional cytokine contributes to the development of acute and chronic rejection.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of myasthenia gravis(MG)in children.Methods One hundred and six children with MG in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from Apr. 2002 to Apr. 2007 were concluded in the study.The data of laboratory examinations,including virus antibody,autoantibody test,immunity function,chest X-ray or chest CT,MRI,ECG and repetitive nerve stimulation, and treatment of cholinesterase inhibitor,glucocorticoids and high-dose immunoglobulin were reviewed.Results Among 106 children,male-to-female ratio was 1 to 1.16,male 49 cases,female 57 cases.The course of disease was 3 days to 11 years.The age of onset of all 106 children with MG varied from 10 months to 14.3 years old and the mean age was (4.74?3.32) years old.The most common age of onset was less than 3 years old(55.7%).There were 41 cases newly diagnosed children and 65 cases received irregular treatment or relapsed after treatment.The ocular muscular symptoms were mostely found at the onset(84.0%);brainstem type was involved at the onset(2.8%),generalized type was involved at the onset(13.2%);58 out of 106 cases(54.7%) had upper respiratory tract infection before the onset with MG; 41 out of 52 cases with MG had abnormal immune function or auto antibody-positive,myocardial enzymes increased in 45 cases increased in varying degrees,thymoma were not found by use of sternum or CT or MRI in 69 cases,repetitive nerve stimulation of 7 out of 11 cases were abnormal; 17 cases (16.0%) of the children received single pyridostigmine treatment,10 cases (9.4%) received co-adrenal hormone and before steroid given IVIG therapy respectively were satisfied with the efficacy,and gravis symptoms were improved;61.3% of the cases had a relapse who underwent irregular treatment or relapse after treatment,before relapse 37 cases (56.9%) received single cholinesterase inhibitor treatment, 28 cases (43.1%)for co-adrenal hormone, after adrenocortical hormone and pyridostigmine treatment.The prognosis of 72 patients(67.9%) with MG was usually good; the causes of relapse resulted from infection (30 cases, 46.2%), irregular drug use (22 cases,33.8%), and drug withdrawal and infection (13 cases, 20.0%).Conclusions As early as age of onset,the disease easily repeated,to be early co-adrenal hormone therapy group is the children′s clinical features of MG.

Objective To explore the treatment protocols and the occurrence and developmental rule of subcutaneous multiple inflammation and indurations by facial injection lipolysis,and to summarize the treatment experience.Methods Six cases of subcutaneous indurations were females patients with facial injection lipolysis,and the lesions increased slowly after about one month.The local temperature raised and pinching pain appeared in the facial area.The other secondary post-traumatic swelling and scleroma areas were treated with piercing or cutting,spread to the surrounding tissues.Red scleroma became osmosis,by local open decompression,debridement,irrigation and drainage lasting almost 3 months.The area had burst out mucoid funicular materials gradually.Results The facial injection lipolysis caused regionally red swelling and scleroma gradually with 1 month of continuous irrigation drainage.The red scleroma area was limited with debridement again after maturation,closed incision after discharge mucus-shape substance by its organization.In the redness induration period,pathological results showed the homogeneous materials without structure could be seen in the fibrous tissue,with surrounding hyperemia,hemorrhage associated with inflammation.Festering burst period showed that local tissue presented suppurative inflammation,multiple abscesses and granuloma formation.Conclusions Conservative treatment can lead to swelling,bursting and developing into deep tissues.Surgical treatment can spread redness scleroma area and lead to a large area of skin depression,soft tissue scar and deformity.

Linguistics ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; standards ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Europe ; Humans ; United States

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of 48 cases verified to be infected with S.suis type 2.Methods 1.All data of 48 cases suffered from S.suis type2 infection were col- lected and analyzed.2.Pathogenic gene of S.suis type 2,Such as cps 2A,mrp,and sly et al.,were verified by PCR.Results 1.Pathogenic gene of S.suis type 2 were same from those patients and swine.Drug sensitivity test were carried on and showed resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin. 2.All 48 cases had history to butchering and/or direct contacting blood plasma composition of suffer- ing from or dead pigs.People with wound in the skin had higher risk to be infected.3.Four clinical types were classified as general,meningitis.Shock and both shock combined meningitis.Mortality rate was 14.58%.Conclusion 1.S.suis type 2 was the pathogen leading to the infections of 48 cases in this study.The swine of suffering from the disease or dead were the origins of the transmis- sion.2.Main route of infection was butchering or/and direct contacting the plasma composition of be- ing ill or dead pigs.No second generation of patients were found.3.The cases with shock should be treated as early as possible.4.Taking antibiotic were rational used seriously in human being and ani- mals.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on cerebral oxygen metabolism in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and reperfusion. Methods Twelve healthy SD rats weighing 170-210 g were randomly divided into normal body temperature group (group NT, n = 6) and mild hypothermia group (group MH, n = 6). Arterio-venous fistula was established by end-to-end anastomosis between the right common carotid artery and right external jugular vein according to Yassari. Mild hypothermia was induced in group MH before reperfusion and maintained for 3 h. The rectal temperature was reduced to 32 ℃ while in group NT rectal temperature was maintained at about 37 ℃ . Cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) was assessed by using a lasser Doppler perfusion image system before reperfusion (T_1), immediately after reperfusion (T_2) and 24 h after reperfusion (T_3). Venous and arterial blood samples were collected from superior sagittal sinus and femoral artery respectively for blood gas analysis at T_(1-3) . Cerebral arterial venous O_2 saturation difference (Sa-vO_2), cerebral O_2 extraction rate (CERO_2) and cerebral arterial-venous lactic acid concentration difference ( Da-vL) were calculated. Results In NT group left CBP was significantly decreased at T_2 as compared with the baseline value at T_1 , while at T_3 bilateral CBP was decreased. In MH group bilateral CBP was significantly decreased at T_2 but returned to baseline level at T_3. CERO_2 was significantly decreased at T_2 as compared with the baseline value at T_1 in MH group. Da-vL was significantly increased at T_3 in NT group. Compared with group NT, bilateral CBP was significantly decreased, CERO_ and Da-vL were significantly decreased at T_2 ,while no significant change was found in Sa-vO_2 in group MH. Conclusion Mild hypothermia is beneficial for the balance of cerebral oxygen metabolism in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and reperfusion.

Objective To explore the mechanism of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of calcium overload in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divide into four groups: control (Group C), shock start (Group S0), 2 hours post-shock (Group S2) and 4 hours post-shock (Group S4). The rat models with hemorrhage shock were produced by means of modified Wigger's method through bloodletting from femoral artery and keeping blood pressure at 40 mm Hg for 2 hours. The changes of cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration (i) and the activities of Ca 2+ - ATPase and Na +-K +- ATPase in VSMC membrane and mitochondrial membrane were monitored in rats after shock. Results Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups C, SO, S2 and S4 were 2.03?0.15, 2.37? 0.32 , 2.55?0.46 and 2.80?0.43 respectively and increased in a time-dependent fashion. Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups S0, S2 and S4 was significantly higher than that in the Group C ( P

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of Panax Notoginseng saponins (PNGS) on rat liver during cold preservation. Methods Using isolated perfusion of rat liver model (IPRL), Fura 2 method was used to measur the concentration of calcium ion in hepatic cells which had been preserved in DMEM solution with different concentration of PNGS added and cold preserved for 2 hours. Liver function, metabolic products of oxygen free radicals, energy substance and aucount of biliary flow as well as morphological study were measured from liver tissue which had been cold preserved in lactate riuges’s solution containing different dosages of PNGS for 24 hours and 30 minutes reperfusion.Results The contents of intracellur calcium of the rat hepatocytes,MDA, AST, ALT, LDH were lower than those in the control group,but SOD, ATP, TAN, EC and bile production were higher than those in the control group( P 0.05). Conclusion PNGS relieve the injury of the rat liver during cold preservation. The mechanism might through inhibition calcium overload, improve the energy metabolism, play a role against free radical injury realize.

Objective : To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of comprehensive health education and early interventions for overweight and obese students. Methods : The basic information, physical examinations and blood lipid testing results were collected from the primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District from 2015 to 2019 through the nutrition and health monitoring project among students in Tongzhou District. The epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obese students with dyslipidemia were descriptively analyzed. Results : Among the 1 483 primary and middle school students detected, the overall prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were 12.68% ( 188 students ), 20.43% ( 303 students ) and 20.57% ( 305 students ), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in overweight and obese students ( 24.44% ) than in students with normal weight ( 18.65%, P<0.05 ), and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in male overweight and obese students than in female overweight and obese students (29.00% vs. 18.92%, P<0.05), while higher prevalence of dyslipidemia was seen in middle school students than in primary school students ( 37.72% vs. 20.32%, P<0.05 ). In addition, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in students with daily exercise of less than a hour than in students with daily exercise of a hour or longer ( 27.88% vs. 18.44%, P<0.05 ). Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District. Health educations should be reinforced to male, middle school students with daily exercise of less than a hour.