OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tagging condition in medication of special population in package inserts in order to give reference for rational drug use of special population. METHODS: 389 pieces of common Chinese and western medicine package inserts of our inpatient and out-patient dispensaries were randomly collected and analyzed statistically in terms of the content of package inserts for special population, including pregnant and lactant women, children and the aged. RESULTS: A part of medication items of special population in package inserts had deficiency. According to the classification of dosage form, the tagging rate of injection exceeded other dosage forms reached to more than 90%, except of medication items for children. The tagging rate of oral formulation arrived at more than 90% only in terms of contraindications and cautions. According to the classification of manufacturer, the tagging rate of domestic drugs was kept at the low level while that of imported drugs exceeded 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Package inserts need to be improved with the effort of drug supervision management department, drug production department and population of using drugs to guarantee the safety of drug use in special population.

Cardiovascular disease has become the first cause of human death.Among the many risk factors in coronary heart disease,depression has been identified as an independent prognostic risk factors.In patients with coronary heart disease accompanied by severe depression,the onset of angina,quality of life deterioration and the mortality will increase by 3～5 times.However,the majority of antidepressant drugs have adverse effects on cardiovascular disease adverse drug reactions,making coronary heart disease patients with depression,did not receive antidepressant treatment due.So more researches to clarify the anti-depressant drugs,safety for cardiovascular disease are needed.

Objective To know the effect of cold stress on the artery pressure and the concentration of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-?, TNF-? in the serum of the rabbits. Methods The local white rabbits of China (clean grade) were anesthetized. The mAP (mean artery pressure), mSP (mean systolic pressure), mDP (mean diastolic pressure) and the concentration of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-?, TNF-? were determined at 0 h, 0.25 h, 0.50 h, 0.75 h, 1.00 h, 1.50 h, 2.00 h, 3.00 h, 4.00 h and 6.00 h after cold stress. Results The mAP,mSP and mDP changed undulant with the delay of cold stress,but the whole tendency was descendent. The mAP,mSP and mDP went up to the peak at 1 h,however lower than control. The concentration of IL-2 increased then decreased with the delay of cold stress,the concentration of IL-10 went down then up and the concentration of TNF-?,IFN-? went down gradually. There was a strong correlation between IFN-? and TNF-? (r=0.983 0,P

Neural stem cells which have many characters of high self-renewal, multipotentiality, migration and good histocompatibility could differentiate neurons, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte. Therefore, the research on differentiation mechanisms of neural stem cells should be very important for the therapy of nervous system degenerative diseases and functional recovery of the central nervous system injury. The neural stem cells differentiation mechanisms regulated by the genes and environment were reviewed in the present paper.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the practice of monitoring on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions.METHODS:The problems in the practice of ADR monitoring in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions were analyzed and the approaches to strengthen the ADR monitoring was discussed taking our hospital as an example.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The problems in the practice of ADR monitoring in secondary or inferior to secondary medical institutions manifested as low general technical level,lacking of advanced information network,hospital leaders' negligence,medical staff's poor consciousness,pharmacy departments' failure in bringing their role into full play,etc.Therefore,it is urgent to attach great importance to the problems to facilitate the development of ADR monitoring by enlarging publicizing,raising awareness;improving the organizational structure and the related working rules,bringing clinical pharmacists and nursing staff's roles into full play and establishing the reward and punishment mechanism,etc.

Objective\ To explore the risk factors of dementia induced by stroke.Methods\ 258 elder patients with stroke had been followed up for three months,including clinical neuropathy and neuropsychological tests.Multivariate noncondition stepwise Logistic model analysis was made after single variable analysis.Results\ There were 83 patients with dementia induced by stroke,175 patients without dementia after stroke.The morbidity was 32.2%.The following eight factors were associated with dementia i.e.,age,multiple lesions,left lesion,large area of cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction,cerebral atrophy,hypertension,the history of stroke,and bilateral lesions.Conclusions\ Dementia induced by stroke is caused by multiple factors.It is closely correlated to numbers of cerebral lesions,the location of cerebral lesions and the size of brain tissue necrosis.The primary conditions of patients'cerebral function are also closely associated with the occurence of dementia.

Objective: To discuss the risk factors of suicide with psychological autopsy method. Methods: 66 complete suicides from Jinzhou and Zhuanghe of Dalian , LiaoNing province, which were individually matched with control population. Results: Three main risk factors of suicide remained in the final conditional logistic regression model. They were social support (OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.48 - 0.91 ), depression (OR=1.18, 95%CI=1.03-1.35) and neurosis (OR=2594.59,95%CI=6.29-1069550) . Conclusion: The combined effect of multiple factors increases the risk of suicide but not the unique effect of single factor. The suicide preventive efforts should focus on individuals exposed to multiple risk factors.

Objective To analyse distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria of clinical infectious diseases and provide scientific basis for the treatment of infectious diseases ,rational use of antibacterial agents and nosocomial infec‐tion control .Methods The distribution and antibacterial resistance of common pathogens clinically isolated from inpatients and out‐patients from August 2012 to July 2013 were analyzed .Bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were carried out by using MicroScan WorkAway 40 automated bacterial identification and drug‐susceptibility analyzer ,and the results of drug susceptibility test were analysed by using the WHONET5 .5 software .Results A total of 1 434 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated ,and gram‐negative bacteria ,gram‐positive bacteria and other pathogenic bacteria accounted for 53 .8% ,28 .1% and 18 .1% respectively . The detection rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus were 31 .6% and 57 .4% respectively .No strains of vancomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus were found ,while strains of vancomycin‐resist‐ant Enterococcus faecium accounted for 8 .8% .The detection rate of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 47 .2% and 12 .2% respectively .Isolates of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus faecium were sensi‐tive to vancomycin ,linezolid and moxifloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .While isolates of Staphylococcus were resistant to the penicillin ,macrolides ,quinolones ,tetracycline ,cephalosporin ,and the resistance rates were more than 30 .0% .Most isolates of gram‐negative bacteria were sensitive to ertapenem ,imipenem ,amikacin ,meropenem ,piperacillin/tazobactam ,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid and levofloxacin ,and the resistance rates were less than 10 .0% .Conclusion It is necessary to enhance monitoring of distribution and antibacterial resistance of pathogenic bacteria ,so as to provide references for guiding rational use of antibacterial a‐gents in different departments .

Objective To investigate the relationship of college students'explicit and implicit attitudes to suicide and the feasibility of applying B-IAT to measure their suicide attitude.Methods Explicit suicide attitude was primarily investigated by suicide attitude questionnaire (SAQ),and implicit attitudes experimental study was carried out by suicide brief implicit association test (B-IAT).The subjects of this study included 50 college students,and it was used within-subject design.Results ①Each dimension values of explicit suicide attitude was from 2.5 to 3.5,indicating that the subject~ explicit suicide attitude dominated by neutral or contradictory.②The mean of B-IAT was 0.43,indicating that the subjects' implicit suicide attitude was prone to negative.③College students' suicide explicit and implicit attitudes were statistically no significant correlation,indicating that students implicit suicide attitudes was independent of explicit attitudes.Conclusion It is feasible to measure explicit suicide attitudes by B-IAT.College students' implicit suicide attitudes is independent of explicit attitudes.The results from simple IAT may be more accurately reflects the subjects' true attitudes towards suicide.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, and discuss its pathological mechanism.Methods Fifty-eight healthy male mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and poisoned group (n = 50). The mice in poisoned group were lavaged with 20% paraquat (50 mg/kg), and those in control group with equal amount of normal saline. The mice were sacrificed on the day of experiment in control group, and those in poisoned group at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after poisoning. The lung tissue was harvested to observe the changes in pathology of lung with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The positive expression of HO-1 was determined with immunohistochemistry, and the protein expression of HO-1 was determined with Western Blot. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were determined.Results The mice showed shortness of breath and signs of exhaustion 1 hour after poisoning, getting worse on 3-5 days, but returned to normal 14 days after poisoning. Under the light microscope, it showed that the control group had no significant pathological changes in lung tissue. One day after the ingestion, pulmonary alveolar structure disorder, obvious hemorrhage, edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found. At 3 days, the pathological changes in the lung tissue were more pronounced. They were less pronounced on 7 days, and inflammatory changes disappeared on 14th day, but alveolar structure disorder remained. Immunohistochemical test showed that HO-1 was seldom expressed in the lung tissue, and a little amount was expressed in the mucosal epithelial cells of the airway in control group. It was shown that inflammatory cell and endothelial were mainly distributed in the mucosal epithelial cells of airway 1 day after poisoning followed by a gradually decrease tendence, and came to normal level of control group 7 days after poisoning. It was shown by Western Blot that HO-1 (gray value) in lung tissue increased 6 hours after poisoning (2.438±0.467 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), peaked at 1 day (9.200±0.940 vs. 0.475±0.167,P< 0.01), continued to increase till 7 days after poisoning, and it lowered to normal level thereafter (0.825±0.260 vs. 0.475±0.167,P> 0.05). The SOD activity (μU/L) in lung tissue was lowered 6 hours after poisoning, and it was significantly lower than that of control group (649.681±13.951 vs. 1 167.051±15.744,P< 0.01), and it continued to decrease up to 14 days after poisoning (859.733±121.079 vs. 1 167.051±14.744,P< 0.01). MDA content (μmol/L) in the lung tissue homogenate was elevated 6 hours after poisoning with significant difference compared with that of the control group (4.542±0.266 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01). It peaked on day 1 (5.956±0.281 vs. 3.705±0.176,P< 0.01), then it declined and reached normal level 3 days after poisoning (4.134±0.168 vs. 3.705±0.176,P> 0.05).Conclusion HO-1 expression was increased significantly in lung tissue of mice with acute paraquat poisoning, which may be considered as an important protection mechanism against paraquat poisoning.