OBJECTIVE:To optimize freeze-drying technology of albendazole nanosuspension so as to prepare albendazole nanometer powder. METHODS:By adopting freeze-drying method,with particle size and Zeta potential as the indexes,single fac-tor test and verification were made on pre-freezing temperature and the type,ratio and mass fraction of cryoprotectants,and then the albendazole nanosuspension prepared by liquid phase precipitation method was made into albendazole nanometer powder. RE-SULTS:When the pre-freezing temperature was-20℃and the cryoprotectant was 4%glucose-mannitol(3∶7),the average parti-cle size of the prepared nanometer powder was (208.03 ± 2.13) nm,and average Zeta potential was (-15.53 ± 0.18) mV. CON-CLUSIONS:Albendazole nanometer powder with better particle size and potential can be prepared by freeze-drying technology.

According to the points and difficulties of aminophylline monitoring experiments, oriented by problems, specific teaching case was designed to practice case teaching. The analysis of the results of classroom performance, teaching effect evaluation, peer evaluation and students' feedback showed that case teaching promoted the initiatives of students' learning as well as improved the teaching effect compared with the traditional teaching method. Furthermore, it improved their clinical thinking ability through theory and practical cases and helped the teachers to learn while teaching.

OBJECTIVE To study the carriage,the risk factors and the antibiotic resistant pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized children with respiratory infection below 3 years old.METHODS A total of 453 children with respiratory infection hospitalized at Children′s Hospital of Soochow University in Suzhou Jiangsu Province from Mar 2006 to Mar 2007 were enrolled and given deep orotracheal aspiration(OTA) technique to get the sputum.S.pneumoniae strains were tested and analyzed.RESULTS The carriage rate of S.pneumoniae was 9.3% which was related with age and season.The percentage of resistance to penicillin,erythromycin,tetracycline,clindamycin,chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 16.7%,100%,95.2%,95.2%,14.3% and 73.8%,respectively.No resistant strains to ceftriaxone,ofloxacin and vancomycin were detected.All S.pneumoniae strains were resistant to multiple drugs.CONCLUSIONS The carriage of S.pneumoniae in respiratory infected children below 3 years old in Suzhou area is relatively low.Age and incidence season are the risk factors.The antibiotic resistance is serious.

Objective : To analyze the trends in incidence of thyroid cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai from 2002 to 2017, so as to provide insights into the management of thyroid cancer. Methods : The incidence of thyroid cancer in Shanghai from 2002 to 2017 was collected from the cancer registration system created by Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The crude and standardized incidence of thyroid cancer were estimated by year, gender and age groups, and annual change percentage ( APC ) was calculated to analyze the trends in incidence of thyroid cancer. Results : A total of 2 854 new cases of thyroid cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2017, and the crude and standardized incidence rates of thyroid cancer were 19.57/105 and 13.47/105, with APC of 18.15% and 17.93% ( P<0.05 ), respectively. The crude and standardized incidence rates of thyroid cancer were 10.02/105 and 7.06/105 in men, with APC of 19.58% and 19.04% ( P<0.05 ), and were 28.90/105 and 19.95/105 in women, with APC of 17.33% and 16.99% ( P<0.05 ), respectively. The crude incidence of thyroid cancer was higher in women than in men ( P<0.05 ). In addition, there were two peaks in the crude incidence of thyroid cancer in patients at age of 35 to 39 and 60 to 64 years, with crude incidence rates of 28.98/105 and 33.36/105, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of thyroid cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2017, and much attention should be paid to females and patients aged 60 to 64 years.

Objective To establish a flow cytometric measurement of detecting minimal residual disease(MRD) according to the leukemia-associated immunophenotypes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and to explore the significance of MRD detection in ALL children for a individualized treatment. Methods A variety of four-color fluorescent antibody combinations were used to investigate the children's normal bone marrow. The normal bone marrow pattern at two-parameter plots was established to identify the residual tumor cells, seventy-five bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed ALL children were analyzed with four-color cytometry to determined the optimal combinations which can clearly distinguish the tumor cells from normal cells. The bone marrow samples were monitored with the combination panel in 60 patients at the end of induction therapy and follow-up treatment. Cytomorphology test, PCR amplification of 29 fusion genes as well as IgG and TCR gene rearrangements were performed simultaneously. Results Sixty-nine cases (92.0%) could be identified for effective antibody combinations to monitor MRD by four-color cytometry. Fusion genes or IgG and T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements can be detected in 21 cases (28.0%) to monitor MRD by PCR. No MRD can be detected in 25 bone marrow samples at the end of induction therapy and follow-up treatment. Four-color cytometry could detect as low as 0.021%-4.130% residual leukemia cells. Conclusion MRD can be monitored by flow cytometry which is faster than PCR, and the sensitivity is superior to morphology method.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

Objective: To investigate the availability and use of child safety seats among children aged 0-3 years, so as to provide the basis for improving riding safety for children. Methods: Parents of children aged 0-3 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality, were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from May to July 2024. Demographic information, family travel patterns, the use of child safety seat and related health beliefs were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the use of child safety seats were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 514 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.98%. The respondents included 122 fathers (23.74%) and 392 mothers (76.26%), with a median age of 34.00 (interquartile range, 5.00) years. There were 446 families equipping with child safety seats, accounting for 86.77%; and 169 families using child safety seats, accounting for 32.88%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the parents who had children aged >1-2 years (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.366-0.973), travelled 2-4 times per month (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.213-0.607) or once per month or less (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.202-0.729), and scored high in perceived barrier (OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.486-0.827) were less likely to use child safety seats; the parents who had children with local household registration (OR=2.506, 95%CI: 1.356-4.633), travelled 5-<10 km (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.148-3.101) or ≥10 km (OR=2.319, 95%CI: 1.355-3.967), always wore seat belts (OR=2.342, 95%CI: 1.212-4.524), scored high in perceived susceptibility (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.091-1.778) and self-efficacy (OR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.156-1.727) were more likely to use child safety seats. Conclusions Equipping family cars with child safety seats and using them can prevent and reduce traffic injuries among children aged 0-3 years. It is recommended to strengthen publicity to promote the use of child safety seats.

Objective:To understand the quality of life of high risk population of stroke in community and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Four community health service centers in Huangpu District were randomly selected, and the subjects were included by using convenient sampling method among the high risk groups of stroke found in the community stroke screening and prevention and control project in Shanghai.The World Health Organization quality of life scale-brief form questionnaire(WHOQOL-BREF), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used as the survey tools to study 1200 high-risk stroke subjects.Single sample t-test was used to compare the differences between the scores and the data of 24 centers in the world, and multiple linear stepwise regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results:The scores of physical field, psychological field and social relationship field ((13.60±1.86), (14.58±1.97), (13.72±2.10)respectively) of high-risk population of stroke were lower than the scores of general population of 24 centers in the world ( P<0.01), and the scores of environmental field (14.08±1.95) were higher than it ( P<0.01), of which the differences were all statistically significant.The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that old age, anxiety and depression were the risk factors influencing the scores of physical field( β=-0.027, -0.056, -0.051), psychological field( β=-0.019, -0.055, -0.050) and environmental field( β=-0.017, -0.040, -0.054); old age and depression were the risk factors influencing the scores of social relationship field( β=-0.026, -0.067); anxiety and depression were the risk factors influencing the self-assessment of quality of life and health ( β=-0.012, -0.014 for quality of life; -0.012, -0.014 for health, all P<0.01). Conclusion:The quality of life of high-risk population of stroke may be related to age, depression, anxiety and other psychological factors.The prevention and treatment of stroke should take both physical and mental measures, take timely intervention for poor psychological status, and gradually improve the quality of life.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of the change rate of parathyroid hormone (PTH) after total thyroidectomy (TT) for hypoparathyroid function.Methods:A total of 182 patients with thyroid tumor who underwent TT from Jan. 2018 to Jun. 2023 in the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively selected as the study objects. The clinical and surgical data of the patients were collected, and the key factors associated with postoperative hypoparathyroidism were screened by multi-factor analysis. The change rate of serum PTH was calculated during perioperative period (before operation, at the end of operation, 1 and 3 days after operation). Receiver operator curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of PTH change rate in all patients.Results:Whether temporary hypoparathyroidism (THP) or permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHP), both were closely related to TT+ bilateral central lymph node dissection ( χ2=33.764, 9.235, P < 0.05) and parathyroid resection ( χ2=6.512, 58.999, P < 0.05). The change rate of PTH in HP patients was significantly higher than that in normal patients ( F=15.993, 16.830, 19.024, P < 0.05), and on the first and third day after surgery, the change rate of PTH in PHP patients was significantly higher than that in THP patients ( t=7.955, 9.023, P < 0.05). The predicted area under curve (AUC) of THP or PHP in different patient populations is different with the change rate of PTH in different periods. For patients with TT+ bilateral central lymph node dissection and parathyroidectomy, the change rate of PTH at the end of surgery was significantly higher than the change rate of PTH at 3 days after surgery for the AUC with PHP ( Z=5.433, 4.923, P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Perioperative PTH has good predictive value for THP and PHP in TT patients, especially in TT+ bilateral central lymph node dissection and parathyroidectomy.