Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common gestational conditions, with the morbidity of 1% to 5% in married women. It is a serious problem troubling women at the reproductive age. There are many factors causing spontaneous abortion, among them, spontaneous abortion resulting from endocrine abnormalities can be detected and treated. Prolactin is a major endocrine hormone participating in reproductive regulation and playing an important role in early pregnancy implantation and pregnancy maintenance. When there are unusual levels it is closely related to spontaneous abortion, leading to a necessity to further study the relationship between them. International and domestic research developments in recent years about the correlation between prolactin and spontaneous abortion are discussed in this paper.

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Academic Dissertations as Topic

In recent years,with the deepening research on autoinflammatory diseases (AID),more and more diseases have been found and included in the AID category.The clinical manifestations of AID are various,but most of them are not specific.Therefore,it is difficult to distinguish AID from infectious diseases,tumors and other autoimmune diseases,which causes misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis.This article aims at discussing about the clinical diagnosis and treatment procedure of AID.

The atrio-ventricular valves of the normal heart in 200 Chinese cadavers of different ages were studied. The right atrioventricular valves were classified into three types and the left were classified into two types, according to the number of the main cusps. It was found that percentage of the second type (53.5%) of the right atrio-ventricular valves was higher than that of the first type (43.5%) and the first type (83.0%) of the left atrio-ventricular valves is in the majority, while the second type (17.0%) represents only a small percentage.An accessory cusp is situated between two main cusps. The accessory cusp was found in the right atrio-ventricular valves of 132 cases (66.0%), the majority of which had only one accessory cusp (95 cases. 72.0%), and among them there were 65 cases (37.4%) in which antero-medial accessory cusps were present. The accessory cusps were found in the left atrio-ventricular valves of 103 cases (51.5%), most of them also had only one cusp (92 cases 89.3%) and among them there were 71 cases (62.3) in which postero-medial accessory cusps were present.If the total number of the main and the accessory cusps was considered, in the right ventriculus, four cusps were found in 40.5% of the cases, five in 29.0%, three in 19.5%, six in 9.0%, two in 1.5%, seven in 0.5%; while in the left ventriculus, three cusps were found in 51.5% of the cases, two in 37.0%, four in 11.0% and five in 0.5%.The size of the valves was measured. In the right ventriculus the postero-medial valve is the broadest (40.1 mm), the postero-lateral valve is the highest (24.5 mm). In the left ventriculus the postero-lateral valve is the broadest (36.9 mm), the antero-medial valve is the hightest (20.8 mm). The associated valves are usually larger than the other common main valves, the diameters of which are larger than that of the accessory valves. The perimeter of left artrio-ventricular ring is 79.69 mm and the right is 97.79 mm.

According to existing problems in polysaccharide determination methods in new Chinese drug applications, the method suitability, chemical reference selection, components interference and method research were introduced. The author suggests that suitable determination method should be selected according to the structure and property of the polysaccharide, and validated. Some influent factors should be examined to assure the accuracy of the method, such as the stability and using amount of the visualizing reagent, visualizing time, maximum detection wavelength etc. Monosaccharide and other water soluble components should be removed from polysaccharide sample, and suitable reference substance and detection wavelength should be selected. It should pay attention to mutual interference of neutral and acidic saccharide, and use inhibitor to eliminate the interference. Because the slopes of the standard curves are different for different monosaccharide, it is proposed that the types and ratios of the monosaccharide in heteroglycan should be understood, and mixed reference substance solution in the ratio is prepared for determination.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends

Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst digestive malignancies characterized by non-specific symptoms, rapid progression and high mortality. Despite great efforts that have been made in basic and clinical research, the prognosis remains poor with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Complete surgical resection is the only curative treatment option, but the curative resectabillty is still about 15% in China. Pancreatic surgery is considered one of the most techni-cally demanding and challenging procedures. The development of pancreatic surgery in China depends not only on the progress in surgical techniques, but also the specialization on pancreatic surgery. There has been advancement in combined therapy with a modern interdisciplinary approach including chemotherapy,radiotherapy, biotherapy and thermotherapy. The research pro-gress of gene therapy on pancreatic cancer showed us some hopes for the future. The outcome of pancreatic cancer treated by Chinese medicine with herbal drugs is encouraging, but still needs the support of more solid evidences from randomized con-trolled trials. It is suggested that the combined therapy should play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, and the fallow-up should be paid more attention.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of Nevin and AJCC staging system for gallbladder carcinoma. Methods In this study 90 patients diagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma underwent operation in Renji Hospital from February 2000 to October 2006. Patients were staged according to Nevin and AJCC staging system. The difference of survival rate, tumor resection rate, ratio of tumor-free resection margin and surgical procedures were analyzed. Results The survival rate, tumor resection rate and ratio of tumor-free resection margin decreased progressively with increasing Nevin and AJCC stage (P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference between the survival rate for Nevin Ⅲ or Ⅳ patients undergoing radical resection and simple cholecystectomy (P > 0. 05). In Nevin Ⅴ patients, the survival rate for radical and extensive radical resection patients was higher than for palliative patients (P < 0. 05). In AJCC Ⅲ patients, the survival rate for radical patients was significant higher than for palliative patients (P < 0. 05). Nosignificant difference was found between radical and palliative patients in survival time in AJCC Ⅳ (P > 0. 05). 52 patients in AJCC Ⅲ and Ⅳ were staged to Nevin Ⅴ according to Nevin staging system. The survival rate and resectable rate for the patients in AJCC Ⅲ were higher than in AJCC Ⅳ (P = 0. 0001, 0. 001 respectively). The rate of radical operation in AJCC Ⅲ was higher (P = 0. 001), and the rate of palliative operation in AJCC Ⅳ was higher (P = 0. 001). Conclusion Both Nevin and AJCC staging system are useful in the judgement of survival, reeectability, ratio of tumor-free resection margin and the optimal operation. AJCC staging system is more applicable for gallbladder carcinoma patients at advanced stage in terms of predicting prognosis.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of standardized facial photographs under natural head position (NHP) in assessment of mandibular asymmetry cases. Methods Standardized facial photographs (SFP) and posteroanterior cephalometry (PAC) were taken under natural head position from 25 mandibular asymmetry eases (14 boys and 11 girls), aged 14 to 29 years old. Distances from 8 landmarks to the vertical reference line were measured. The difference and the asymmetry ratio of two sides were calculated respectively. The relationship between the measurements of SFP and PAC were compared, and the repeatability of landmarks was assessed. Results Six measurements were significant different between two sides, 3 from SFP and 3 from PAC. Measurements from two ways were correlated a cer-tain extent. The repeatability of landmarks was satisfied. Conclusion Measurements from standardized facial photographs under NHP pres-ent a clinical useful method to quantify mandibular asymmetry.

Acupuncture is an important method to cure diseases in TCM.which has been extensively accepted.Acupuncture manipulation is a key point for good clinical curative effect because different manipulations can bring out different organic reactions.The author summarized clinical experience on acupuncture manipulations for acupuncturists to improve medical effects.

Phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes play pivotal role in the biotransform and metabolism of exogenous substances, which might influence its ability of metabolism and detoxification to exogenous carcinogens.Polymorphism have been demonstrated in various phase Ⅱ metabolic enzymes and etiology studies showed that individuals exposed to the same environment could develop different susceptibility to tumorigenesis due to different metabolic enzyme polymorphism. Here, we summarized the effects of phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme polymorphism on the risk of cancer.