Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of simultaneous unilateral primary tumors of different pathological types in the parotid gland. Methods: A case of simultaneous unilateral primary parotid gland tumors, i.e., adenolymphoma and basal cell adenoma, was reviewed and analyzed in combination with the literature. Results: The patient discovered a lump in the right parotid gland area one month prior to presentation, and a tumor was palpated in the shallow lobe of the right parotid gland before surgery. According to MR images, the initial diagnoses were tumors of the shallow and deep lobes of the right parotid gland. The tumors of the deep and shallow lobes were excised with part of the gland, and the facial nerves were dissected under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology revealed an adenolymphoma in the shallow lobe of the right parotid gland and a basal cell adenoma with cystic transformation in the deep lobe. The surgical effect was good, with no complications, and there was no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. A review of the relevant literature showed that multiple primary tumors of the parotid gland can manifest as the simultaneous presence of two or more types of tumors on both sides or on one side, and the disease is mainly treated with surgery. Conclusion Multiple unilateral primary parotid gland tumors are rare. Imaging examinations need to be combined with clinical evaluations to prevent missed diagnoses. Surgery is the first treatment option, and patients with benign tumors have a good prognosis.

Objective: To prepare a composite membrane by chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate(CS/β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogel combined with stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1) and observe its biological characteristics in vitro. Methods: Different doses of SDF-1 were added into CS/β-GP solution and then the thermosensitive gel time was measured. The SDF-1/CS/β-GP solution was membrane paved and dried to prepare composite membranes. The morphological characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Composite membranes were placed into cell culture medium, and the supernatant(n=3) was extracted after standing at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, respectively. The concentration of SDF-1 in the solution was measured. Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) were cultured in the Transwell room, and the composite membranes containing different concentrations of SDF-1 were placed in the lower chamber. There were four groups(n=3): Group M0 used CS/β-GP membrane(control group), Group M1, M2, M3 used SDF-1/CS/β-GP membrane(SDF-1 was 100, 200, 400 ng/mL respectively). After culture for 6, 12 and 24 h, the cells under the membrane were preserved and Giemsa stained and counted. The absorbance(OD) value was measured by MTT method to calculate the cell proliferation rate. SPSS 19.0 was used for multi-factor analysis of variance. Results : After adding a certain amount of SDF-1 into CS/β-GP solution, the gel time did not change significantly(P>0.05). The SDF-1/CS/β-GP membrane was translucent and porous at 37 ℃. In this experiment, the volumic mass of SDF-1 released by SDF-1/CS/β-GP composite membrane increased gradually with the experimental time(P<0.01). Transwell cell chemotaxis test showed that the number of BMSCs cells with directional migration increased with the prolongation of observation time(P<0.01) and the increase of SDF-1 volumic mass(P<0.01). In MTT test, the OD value of migration cell solution increased with the prolongation of time(P<0.01) and the increase of SDF-1 volumic mass(P<0.01). Conclusion The SDF-1/CS/β-GP composite membrane has a porous structure and biological activity of chemotactic BMSCs directional migration. It is a potential membrane for guided tissue regeneration.

Objective To observe the effects of abdominal torsion movement on depression, constipation, motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease. Methods From March to October, 2021, 66 patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease hospitalized in Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into control group (n = 33) and experimental group (n = 33). Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation training and medication, and the experimental group was given abdominal torsion movement in addition, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Chronic Constipation Severity Scale (CSS), Timed "Up and Go" Test (TUGT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Parkinson&#39;s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the movement track length and ellipse area of pressure center within 30 seconds were compared before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of HAMD, CSS, BBS and PDQ-39, and the time of TUGT, the movement track length of pressure center and movement ellipse area between two groups (P > 0.05). All the indexes significantly improved after treatment in both groups (t > 9.674, P < 0.001), and were better in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 3.120, P < 0.01). Conclusion Abdominal torsion movement could improve the symptoms of depression, constipation and motor, and quality of life in Parkinson&#39;s patients.

Objective To explore the impacts of proprioception, cutaneous sensitivity and strength on dynamic and static postural stability.Methods From June to November, 2020, a total of 164 elderly participated in this study. Independent parameters included proprioception of knee flexion/extension and ankle dorsi/plantar flexion with proprioception measurement; the cutaneous sensitivity of great toe, first and fifth metatarsals, arch, and heel with monofilament; and strength of ankle dorsi/plantar flexion and hip abduction with isokinetic test. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and center of pressure (COP)-based postural stability tests were conducted to represent dynamic and static postural stability. Exploratory factor and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship of each generated factor to postural stability outcomes.Results Proprioception was significantly correlated to the score of BBS (r=-0.449, P<0.001) and the root mean square (RMS) of COP in mediolateral direction (r=0.254, P=0.004). Cutaneous sensitivity was significantly correlated to the RMS of COP in the anteroposterior direction (r=0.281, P=0.002). Strength was significantly correlated to the score of BBS (r=0.493, P<0.001).Conclusion Proprioception and strength are related to dynamic postural stability, while proprioception and cutaneous sensitivity are associated with static postural stability.

Objective To evaluate the development, hot spots and trends of the fields of neurogenic bladder.Methods The relevant articles of neurogenic bladder from January, 2000 to June, 2021 in CNKI and Web of Science were retrieved.The countries, authors, institutions, cited reference and keywords were extracted with CiteSpace to draw knowledge mapping. Results and Conclusion A total of 5 064 articles were enrolled. At present, the research on the field of neurogenic bladder is in a stable period of development, and this field has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. The cooperation between domestic authors and institutions is not close enough compared with foreign countries, and domestic cooperation is more between medical schools and their respective affiliated hospitals. In the future, China can further strengthen cross-regional and cross-agency cooperation. Low-frequency electrical stimulation and sacral nerve regulation are seem to be research hotspots, and children&#39;s neurogenic bladder and robot-assisted technologies are also needed more attention.

Objective: To explore the protective effects of anthrahydroquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AH 2 QDS) on the kidneys of paraquat (PQ) poisoned rats via the apelin-APJ pathway. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: control, PQ, PQ+sivelestat, and PQ+AH 2 QDS. The PQ+sivelestat group served as the positive control group. The model of poisoning was established via intragastric treatment with a 20% PQ pesticide solution at 200 mg/kg. Two hours after poisoning, the PQ+sivelestat group was treated with sivelestat, while the PQ+AH 2 QDS group was given AH 2 QDS. Six rats were selected from each group on the first, third, and seventh days after poisoning and dissected after anesthesia. The PQ content of the kidneys was measured using the sodium disulfite method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of renal tissues was performed to detect pathological changes. Apelin expression in the renal tissues was detected using immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of the following proteins in the kidney tissues: IL-6, TNF-α, apelin-APJ (the apelin-Angiotensin receptor), NF-κB p65, caspase-1, caspase-8, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). In in vitro study, a PQ toxicity model was established using human tubular epithelial cells treated with standard PQ. Twenty-four hours after poisoning, sivelestat and AH 2 QDS were administered. The levels of oxidative stress in human renal tubular epithelial cells were assessed using a reactive oxygen species fluorescence probe. Results: The PQ content in the kidney tissues of the PQ group was higher than that of the PQ+AH 2 QDS group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed extensive hemorrhage and congestion in the renal parenchyma of the PQ group. Vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubule epithelial cells, deposition of crescent-like red staining material in renal follicles, infiltration by a few inflammatory cells, and a small number of cast formation were also observed. However, these pathological changes were less severe in the PQ+sivelestat group and the PQ+AH 2 QDS group (P<0.05). On the third day after poisoning, immunofluorescence assay showed that the level of apelin in the renal tissues was significantly higher in the PQ+AH 2 QDS group than in the PQ group. Western blotting analysis results showed that IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB p65, caspase-1, caspase-8, GRP78, and CHOP protein levels in the PQ group were higher than in the PQ+AH 2 QDS group (P<0.05). The expression of apelin-APJ proteins in the PQ+AH 2 QDS group was higher than in the PQ+sivelestat and PQ groups (P<0.05); this difference was significant on Day 3 and Day 7. The level of oxidative stress in the renal tubular epithelial cells of the PQ+AH 2 QDS group and the PQ+sivelestat group was significantly lower than in the PQ group (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study confirms that AH 2 QDS has a protective effect on PQ-poisoned kidneys and its positive effect is superior to that of sivelestat. The mechanism of the protective effects of AH 2 QDS may be linked to reduction in cellular oxidative stress, PQ content of renal tissue, inflammatory injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. AH 2 QDS may play a role in the treatment of PQ poisoning by upregulating the expression of the apelin-APJ.

[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression changes of miR-96 in endometrial cancer tissues and cells, and to explore its effect on tumor malignant phenotypes as well as the possible mechanisms. Methods:From April 2016 to December 2018, 76 cases of endometrial cancer tissues from 76 patients who were surgically treated in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of our hospital were selected for this study. qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-96 in human endometrial cancer tissues and cells, and the correlation between the miR-96 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients was analyzed. miR-96 inhibitor was transfected into human endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells in vitro. After transfection, the expression of miR-96 in Ishikawa cells was detected by qPCR; the tumor biological behaviors of Ishikawa cells were detected by CCK-8 test, Clone formation test, Flow cytometry, Scratch test and Transwell test; and the FOXO1 protein expression in Ishikawa cells was detected by WB. At the same time, Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to observe the targeting relationship between miR-96 and FOXO1. Results: The results of qPCR showed that the expression of miR-96 was abnormally high in human endometrial cancer cells (JEC, Ishikawa, HEC-1B) and endometrial cancer tissues (all P<0.01), and the expression of miR-96 was closely related to FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). After transfection with miR-96 inhibitor, the expression level of miR-96 in Ishikawa cells decreased significantly (P<0.01), the proliferation activity and clone formation ability decreased significantly (all P<0.01), the apoptotic rate increased significantly (P<0.01), and the scratch healing rate and the number of invasive transmembrane cells decreased significantly (P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR-96 could directly target FOXO1, and WB showed that miR-96 could negatively regulate FOXO1 protein expression in Ishikawa cells (P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression of miR-96 is abnormally high in endometrial cancer tissues and cells. Inhibiting the expression of miR-96 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of endometrial cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the targeted regulation of FOXO1.

Cataract is a kind of eye disease that causes lens metabolic disorder and protein degeneration and turbidity due to various reasons. Congenital cataract is especially serious. It is a common eye disease that affects the visual development of infants. It can inhibit the development of visual pathway and cause permanent blindness. About one-third of the cases are genetically related, of which autosomal dominant inheritance is the most common genetic mode. It&#39;s occurrence and development may be related to genes involved in lens development. Up to now, hundreds of mutation sites in more than 40 genes have been found to be associated with congenital cataract. This article will review the genetic research progress of congenital cataract.

Objective: To observe the effects of miR-204 on the proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma (RB) cells and to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Methods: The expression level of miR-204 in RB cell lines (Y79, SO-RB50, and HXO-Rb44) as well as in normal human retinal pigment epithelial cell line hTERT RPE-1 was detected using qRT-PCR. The Y79 cells were divided into two groups (negative control group and miR-204 group) by respectively transfecting Y79 cells with NC-mimics and miR-204 mimics using liposome transfection method. The effects of miR-204 on Y79 cell proliferation was detected with CCK-8 assay; while the effect of miR-204 on migration and invasion of Y79cellsweredeterminedbycellscratchassayandTranswellassay,respectively.Besides, thepotentialtargetgeneofmiR-204waspredictedbybioinformatics;and the influence of miR-204 on the expression of high mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2) at both mRNA and protein levels was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: miR-204 expression in RB cell lines Y79, SO-RB50 and HXO-Rb44 was remarkably lower than that in normal human retinal pigment epithelial cell line hTERT RPE-1 (P<0.01). miR-204 expression in Y79 cells was markedly up-regulated after transfection with miR-204 mimics (P<0.01) along with significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities (all P<0.01), and mRNA and protein expressions of HMGA2 were also outstandingly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-204 is lowly expressed in RB cell lines; in addition, miR-204 over-expression can suppress RB cell proliferation, migration and invasion, the mechanism of which might be related to down-regulation of the expression of HMGA2.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of bifid mandibular canals (BMC), and to measure their diameter and angle. Methods : CBCT images of 500 patients were used for this study. The incidence and types of bifid mandibular canals were recorded according to a modified classification of Naitoh: Ⅰ, retromolar canal; Ⅱ, dental canal; Ⅲ, forward canal; Ⅳ buccolingual canal. The diameter and angle between the accessory canal and the main mandibular canal were recorded. Results: Bifid mandibular canals were found in 32.2% of the 1 000 hemi- mandibles, with the incidence rate of 52.17%, 36.02%, 6.21%, 5.59% in TypeⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ respectively. There are 90 cases of the mandibular branch with a diameter greater than or equal to the backbone 1/2, and 100 cases that are less than 1/2 of the backbone. The angle between the mandibular branch and the trunk Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 50.21° ± 22.25°、28.81° ± 11.5° and 13.50° ± 2.39° respectively. Conclusion Bifid mandibular canals were observed at a relatively high incidence using CBCT, and the most common type was the retromolar canal. It is suggested CBCT should be taken before mandibular surgery to give an accurate evaluation of bifid mandibular canals.