The purpose of this study was to examine reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, - a generated superoxide - of neutrophils in human peripheral blood after maximal exercise. Ten healthy male college students (20.2 ± 0.4 yr, 170.5 ± 1.3 cm, 62.8 ± 1.9 kg) participated after giving written informed consent. They performed an incremental exercise to volitional exhaustion using a bicycle ergometer. Peripheral blood was collected before exercise (Pre), just after exercise (Post) and 1-hour after exercise (Post-1h). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and opsonaized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated superoxide-generating activity of neutrophils was measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay. NADPH oxidase activity was measured by a cell-free system. NADPH oxidase activity significantly decreased in Post-1h compared with Pre and Post. A similar tendency was seen in PMA-stimulated activity, but not in OZ-stimulated activity. A strong positive relationship between NADPH oxidase activity and PMA-stimulated activity was found in Pre and this relationship attenuated after exercise. NADPH oxidase activity was not related to OZ-stimulated activity at any time points. We concluded that NADPH oxidase activity decreased after exhaustive maximal exercise in human peripheral neutrophils, and suggest that PMA-stimulated activity, relatively - speaking, reflects NADPH oxidase activity; but OZ-stimulated activity is independent of NADPH oxidase activity.

We performed a physio-psychological research on the mental, physical relaxation and health-keeping effect of Shinrin-yoku (forest walking) in Kawaba village. Eleven male and 8 female healthy elderly residents in Kawaba village, whose average age was 74.0±3.5 years old for male and 74.9±2.9 years old for females volunteered for this experiment. All members walked for one hour in the Kawaba Forest on August 17 under cloudy skies, 30-32°C temperature, 58-60% humidity, and, 0-2m/sec wind condition and walked again for another one hour in a non-forest rural agricultural area on August 21 under almost the same weather conditions. Phytoncides in the air, Profile of Mood State (POMS) test, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), fasting levels of serum natural killer cell activity (NK), plasma catecholamine (adrenaline, noradrenalin and dopamine), plasma cortisol, and serum adiponectin were measured before and after walking. Phytoncides were detected in the forest and non-forest, all members showed a decrease of POMS total scale, BP, adrenalin and serum cortisol. Six (3 male and 3 female subjects) of them expressed an increase of serum NK cell activity after the forest-walking. One female showed a high serum NK cell activity after both forest and non-forest rural walking.
Our experiment on the forest-walking in Kawaba village indicated that its relaxation and health-keeping effects, probably due to walking in the fresh forest air.

We examined the clinical effect of a functional food containing both soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract (test food) on Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) in a double blind study. Twenty four peri-menopausal women were divided into two groups and four capsules of either the test food or placebo were ingested everyday for eight weeks. The daily intakes of soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract were 50.0 mg and 80.0 mg respectively. As compared with placebo group, the scores of menopausal symptoms such as “stiff neck” and “backache” significantly improved (p<0.05), and the score of “irritation” tended to improve in test food group but not significant statistically. When these results were stratified according to the severity of pretrial menopausal symptoms, the effects of test food were shown to be more effective in mild case group. These results suggest that the functional food containing soy isoflavone and black cohosh extract alleviate menopausal disturbances and improve the quality of life for peri-menopausal women.

Cardiac fibromas are rare tumors. A 12-year-old girl who had no cardiac symptoms was evaluated because of her abnormal ECG. Physical examination revealed a grade 1/6 systolic murmur. Routine laboratory examination results and the chest X-ray films were normal. The ECG showed a negative T wave at leads II, III, aVF and V_3-4. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a tumor in the lower right ventricular free wall. Operation was performed on July 12, 1990. Sharp dissection was used to remove the tumor through right ventriculotomy. She had an uneventful postoperative course and is well 7 years later with no evidence of recurrence. Pathological findings including immunohistochemical studies revealed cardiac fibroma. The 22 reported cases of cardiac fibroma in Japan were reviewed.

Left ventricular myxoma is very rare and only 13 cases have been reported in Japan. A 14-year-old girl was admitted to a local hospital in November, 1983, with a sudden onset of right hemiparalysis. Two-dimensional echocardiograms and left ventricular angiograms revealed two left ventricular tumors. The patient was transferred to our hospital for the operation which was performed one month later. Two tumors originating from the apical interventricular septum were removed with resection of the septum through a left ventriculotomy. The tumors were 2.0×1.7cm in size and 1.9g in weight, 1.9×1.5cm in size and 1.1g in weight, respectively. The pathological diagnosis was myxoma. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and there has been no recurrence for 15 years after surgery. Japanese literature on the subject was reviewed.

Urgent surgical repairs were successfully performed in four patients with blunt traumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta. All 4 patients were involved in traffic accidents and had ruptures immediately distal to the aortic isthmus. The diagnoses were achieved by IV-DSA in case 1, by IV-DSA and enhanced CT in case 2 and by enhanced helical CT in cases 3 and 4. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed in case 4. Operations were accomplished with the aid of temporary shunt in case 1, pulmonary-femoral artery bypass in case 2 and partial left heart bypass in cases 3 and 4. Prosthetic graft interposition was performed in cases 1, 3 and 4 and end-to-end aortic anastomosis was performed in case 2. There was no postoperative paraplegia in any patient. Early diagnosis and urgent surgical repair are important in treating blunt traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Enhanced helical CT and transesophageal echocardiography are useful for the diagnosis of this type of injury.

  The positive healthy physiological effects of shinrin-yoku in elderly persons were studied. Shinrin-yoku or forest bathing is considered to promote physical relaxation and to have physical and mental health benefits. In this experiment the subjects were elderly 24 male (65.5±2.5years) and 24female (65.0±3.0years) persons who participated in three measurements of shinrin-yoku effects from 2008 to 2010. All the subjects were healthy and volunteered for the experiment. The subjects participated in the shinrin-yoku measurements three times of two hours each on Wednesday in the third week of August in each year. The weather at the time of the three measurements was clear, with temperature of 30°C-32°C, humidity of 58%-60% and wind velocities of 0m/sec-2m/sec. Non-shinrin-yoku measurements were also performed on a different day in an indoor resting environment with the same subjects under the same conditions. For both the shinrin-yoku and non-shinrin-yoku measurements, the subjects were divided into three groups of 8 male and 8 female subjects equally. One was for the visual isolation group in which subjects wore eye masks, another was for the smell isolation group in which subjects wore masks, and the other was the control group in which subjects wore non-isolation material. The concentration of phytoncides in the air was measured using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Heart rate (HRs), blood pressure (BP), fasting levels of plasma catecholamine (adrenaline, noradrenalin and dopamine), plasma cortisol and circulating natural killer (NK) cell activity were measured before and after shinrin-yoku. Three kinds of phytoncides derived from trees were detected at the forest-bathing measurement spot in this study. The mean HRs for male subjects under shinrin-yoku and non-shinrin-yoku were 89bpm and 85bpm respectively. The mean HRs for female subjects under shinrin-yoku and non-shinrin-yoku were 86bpm and 85bpm respectively. In the smell isolation group and the control group, systric blood pressure for male and female subjects decreased significantly after shinrin-yoku. In the smell isolation group and the control group, diastolic blood pressure for male subjects decreased significantly after shinrin-yoku. In the smell isolation group and the control group, adrenaline levels for male and female subjects decreased significantly after shinrin-yoku. Among the male under the control and the female under the smell isolation and the control, noradrenaline levels decreased significantly after shinrin-yoku. Similarly, under the smell isolation, and the control, the male and female subjects showed significant decreases in the cortisol level. The NK cell activity of male and female subjects and had no significant change after shinrin-yoku. The BP, catecholamine level, cortisol level, and NK cell activity of male and female subjects showed no significant change after non-shinrin-yoku. The authors believe that this issue, and the general topic of shinrin-yoku and other environments with natural health benefits merit further study. It has been pointed out that the phytoncides and green forest environment in shinrin-yoku have a relaxing effect on the human body. As physical effects of shinrin-yoku, this study of male and female elderly subjects suggested the possibility of physiological effects in which appear within a short time and consist of multiple elements related to the human five senses, including the effects of phytoncides.   Future issues include accumulation of study results on the linkage between physiological/psychological responses and quantitative/qualitative data on odor and the visual sense.