CD44v6 was known as tumor marker for tumor progression and metastasis in various kinds of carcinomas. The CD44v6 monoclonal antibody was produced by cell cultures or mouse ascite fluids using CD44v6 hybridoma cells, and its immunogloburin G (IgG) was purified by Protein A column. Using immobilized ficin and cysteine, the antibody fragment Fab was produced and purified by Protein A. Four CD44v6 scFv molecules were produced from the recombinant DNA and phage antibody technology and prurified by His-tag affinity chromatography. In order to inspect the function and specificity of each antibody molecule, western-blotting and ELISA against CD44v5-6 recombinant proteins and irnmunodetection in human ovarian carcinomas were estabilished. The results showed that immunodiagnosis did not distinguish the types of antibody fragments, but western-blotting and ELISA results did show some difference of their specificities and biological properties. These studies will contribute as a model study for the immunodiagnosis and therapy using the IgG, Fab and scFv of CD44v6 antibody to obtain the early detection of tumor progression and metastasis using immunoscintigraphy.
Animals ; Bacteriophages ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Cysteine ; DNA, Recombinant ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ficain ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Immunoglobulin Fragments* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunologic Tests ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staphylococcal Protein A

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the effect factors on family adaptation of hospitalized children.Methods A survey was conducted in 330 hospitalized children's parents using questionnaires such as FSI,FVI,FHI,FWBI.Results Multiple factor analysis showed that the strongest resilience factor was family hardiness,the second one was general family value on family adaptation of hospitalized children.Conclusions Family hardiness and family value have the adjusting role on family adaptation of hospitalized children.Therefore,the significance of this study can be used to develop family nursing intervention program based on family resilience to strengthen family adaptation of hospitalized children.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to understand the hand-on breast massage techniques used by well-known experts in breastfeeding clinics. METHODS: A qualitative multiple-case design was applied that involved a feasibility test. Four experts sampling qualitative data collected by observing participants and in individual interviews were analyzed by content analysis, linking data to the propositions, and cross-case pattern matching. This study explored differences within and between cases, and the possibilities of replicating findings across cases. Thirty-nine postpartum women participated voluntarily in the feasibility test, which investigated the usability of four massage techniques. RESULTS: The four techniques showed considerable similarities in terms of the application of stimulation to the breast base and increased flexibility of the wired flexible body, which was the core mechanism underlying the techniques. The breast management strategies were consistent with existing practice guidelines with the exception of using cold cabbage to control engorgement pain. There was insufficient scientific evidence for supporting the massage techniques used by the experts. All of the techniques showed 100% education completeness, but application rates were higher for self-control-oriented techniques. CONCLUSION: The massage techniques applied by experts in breastfeeding were based on hypotheses and self-control techniques are feasible to apply in practice.
Brassica ; Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Education ; Massage* ; Pliability ; Postpartum Period ; Self-Control

PURPOSE: This study was to identify health-related quality of life of Korean young adults and elderly with multimorbidity and to examine factors influencing their health-related quality of life. METHODS: Health-related quality of life was measured by the Korean version of the EQ-5D. Using a descriptive study, the study incorporated a secondary analysis of the Korean version of the EQ-5D data from the 8th wave of the Korea Health Panel Survey in 2013. Selected demographic data and the Korean version of the EQ-5D were analyzed using χ²-test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Education, drinking, type of health insurance, and number of chronic disease significantly affected the health-related quality of life in the young adults with multimorbidity. Educational level, occupational type, drinking, physical activity, number of chronic disease, unmet healthcare need and the type of multimorbidity significantly affected the health-related quality of life in the elderly with multimorbidity. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing health-related quality of life were different for young adults versus elderly with multimorbidity. Therefore, there is a need for age-specific health care programs that may improve health-related quality of life of adults with multimorbidity.
Adult ; Aged* ; Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Drinking ; Education ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea* ; Motor Activity ; Quality of Life* ; Young Adult*

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the abilities of electronic nursing records, which are based on standard nursing terminology, and paper-based nursing records to support the nursing process. METHODS: The nursing records of 38 pairs of inpatients admitted to a gynecology nursing unit were selected. The data from the paper records were obtained manually by a chart review as single statement units. The electronic records were extracted from a computerized system. The statements were categorized using the NANDA diagnosis and the modified Clinical Care Classification. Based on a semantic analysis of the components of the nursing process, the completeness of the nursing records was classified into complete and incomplete patterns according to the presence and relevancy of the assessment, the diagnosis, the intervention and the outcome. RESULTS: The numbers of nursing diagnoses used and the unique nursing diagnoses were both higher in the electronic records than those in the paper records. The number of statements of nursing assessments/outcomes, and nursing interventions was 1.4-fold higher in the electronic records than that in the paper records respectively. The proportion of complete patterns of the nursing process was 3.4% in the paper records and 25.7% in the electronic records. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that electronic records are better than paper records to support the nursing process in terms of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of nursing documentation.
Electronics ; Electrons ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Inpatients ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Process Assessment (Health Care) ; Semantics ; Vocabulary, Controlled

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the learning style, learning efficacy, transfer of learning, and confidence in performance competence of Core Basic Nursing Skills (CBNS) and factors influencing confidence in performance competence of CBNS by nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive study design was used. Participants were 148 nursing students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, correlation and regression. RESULTS: Learning styles of the participants were assimilator 33.11%, accommodator 26.35%, diverger 23.65%, and converger 16.89%. Learning efficacy was significantly different according to learning styles, however, transfer of learning and confidence in performance competence of CBNS were not significantly different according to learning styles. Confidence in performance competence of CBNS positively correlated with transfer of learning and learning efficacy. Transfer of learning was a significant predictor of confidence in performance competence of CBNS. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that transfer of learning influences confidence in performance competence of CBNS. Thus, nursing faculty should develop educational strategies to enhance and improve transfer of learning, and development of effective confidence in performance competence of CBNS programs.
Clinical Competence ; Faculty, Nursing ; Humans ; Learning ; Mental Competency* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing* ; Transfer (Psychology)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the learning environment on nursing students' clinical practice education and the violence experienced during clinical practice on vocational identity. Methods: The design of the study was a descriptive survey, and data were collected from November 15 to November 27, 2019. The data of the study were obtained from 515 nursing students attending three universities using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: For the experience of violence, verbal violence (98.3%) was the type most commonly experienced, and patients (97.7%) were the most frequent perpetrators. The clinical learning environment was perceived differently according to gender, personality, interpersonal relationship, satisfaction with nursing, clinical practice satisfaction, violence prevention education, the need for violence prevention education, sexual violence experiences, and violent perpetrators. The most influential factor on vocational identity was satisfaction with the nursing major (β=0.24, p<.001), followed by extroverted personality (β=0.18, p<.001), clinical learning environment (β=0.15, p=.001), satisfaction with clinical practice (β =0.15, p=.002), and the experience of violence by patients (β=-0.10, p=.016), which together explained 24.1% of the variance in the model. Conclusion It is necessary to make efforts to ensure that students do not experience violence during clinical practice, to maintain a close cooperative relationship between university and clinical institutions to improve the learning environment for clinical practice, and to make the clinical field an educational learning environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of infection control education (ICE) prospectively, based on isolation room simulation for nursing college students. Methods: From September 21 to 30 2020, a total of 97 students in the 4th grade of nursing college located in D city, were enrolled (48 in the experimental group and 49 in the control group).The experimental group received an isolation room simulation for ICE. The control group conducted an objective structured clinical evaluation for the same education. The effects after education were evaluated using the items of awareness of standard precaution, knowledge of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and confidence in wearing it. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the awareness of standard precautions between the two groups, and the knowledge of wearing PPE was significantly higher in the experimental group (t=-3.41, p<.001) after education. The confidence score for wearing PPE was also significantly higher in the experimental group (t=-2.23, p=.028). Conclusion The ICE using the isolation room simulation can be effective for knowledge and confidence regarding the aspect of wearing PPE for nursing students, during and after the pandemic.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the learning environment on nursing students' clinical practice education and the violence experienced during clinical practice on vocational identity. Methods: The design of the study was a descriptive survey, and data were collected from November 15 to November 27, 2019. The data of the study were obtained from 515 nursing students attending three universities using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: For the experience of violence, verbal violence (98.3%) was the type most commonly experienced, and patients (97.7%) were the most frequent perpetrators. The clinical learning environment was perceived differently according to gender, personality, interpersonal relationship, satisfaction with nursing, clinical practice satisfaction, violence prevention education, the need for violence prevention education, sexual violence experiences, and violent perpetrators. The most influential factor on vocational identity was satisfaction with the nursing major (β=0.24, p<.001), followed by extroverted personality (β=0.18, p<.001), clinical learning environment (β=0.15, p=.001), satisfaction with clinical practice (β =0.15, p=.002), and the experience of violence by patients (β=-0.10, p=.016), which together explained 24.1% of the variance in the model. Conclusion It is necessary to make efforts to ensure that students do not experience violence during clinical practice, to maintain a close cooperative relationship between university and clinical institutions to improve the learning environment for clinical practice, and to make the clinical field an educational learning environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effect of patient safety environment (PSE) and health literacy (HL) on patient safety participation (PSP) and the mediating effect of HL. Methods: We recruited patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary general hospital in “D” city. A total of 230 people responded to a questionnaire survey we conducted from March 15 to July 10, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical regression using SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: PSP was found to be significantly associated with PSE (r=.29, p<.001) and HL (r=.44, p<.001). PSE and HL were found to have a significant effect on PSP (power: 23%). HL was found to have a partial mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04~0.14) between PSE and PSP. Conclusion The findings from this study can contribute to developing interventions for patient participation in the PSE and providing directions for offering safe and high-quality medical care to patients.