Botolinum is a toxic polypeptide produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum that inhibits acetylcholine release from nerve endings, resulting in reduced neuromuscular transmission and local muscle activity, as well as cholinergic mediated parasympathetic activities.1 Its name is derived from the Latin word botulus, meaning sausage, as its toxicity was initially attributed to the oil of spoiled sausages. Of late, botolinum, packaged in various commercial forms such as onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox® type A, Allergan, Irvine, CA), is popularly used in several medical applications such as blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis and strabismus, and most famously in cosmetic surgery, where Botox® injections are used to eliminate and/or smoothen wrinkles.
Injections

No abstract available.
Injections, Epidural*

No abstract available.
Injections, Epidural*

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiologic process underlying neovascular eye diseases. As such, anti-VEGF-based pharmacologic agents have emerged as a highly effective treatment modality for various visually debilitating retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies. The introduction of these pharmacologic agents directly into the vitreous cavity by means of an injection through the pars plana has become a widely performed ophthalmic procedure both locally and overseas.
Intravitreal Injections

Study on 50 cases treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at Tu Du Hospital. There were 490 sperm injected oocytes. There wasn’t difference between fertilization rates of injected ovule with normal sperm and with abnormal sperm. The embryo development rate from fertilized oocytes is better if normal sperm were injected: 25.2% of normal sperm injected oocytes developed into good quality embryos, while none of embryos generated from oocytes injected with abnormal sperm is of good quality. The selection of sperm for ICSI plays an important role in getting high results in ICSI and this procedure should be complied sperm morphologic criteria recommended by WHO in order to improve the fertilization rate and embryo quality
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa

No abstract available.
Injections, Intramuscular* ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Vaccination

No abstract available.
Injections, Intralesional* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Headache ; Injections, Epidural ; Pneumocephalus

After utilization of CT scanner in the diagnosic of patients with severe head injuries, IH is more frequently reported. Patients with head injuries associated with IH have worse prognosis than that with no IH. This suggests that cranio-cerebral trauma is the major cause of that bad prognosis.
Injections, Intraventricular ; Prognosis

A cross-sectional study was carried out in three health care facilities (HCFs) in Ha Noi. The result showed that: the facilities ensured using sterilized disposable injection syringes and needles. Health care workers were fully equipped personal protective equipment. The health care facilities had sharp container. Some safe injection practice standards were well implemented as giving injection as prescription (100%), identify injection sites (91.4-100%) kept needles and syringes in a sharp container (89.0%-96.6%). However washing hand for sterilizing only accounted for 41.7%-55.1%
Delivery of Health Care ; Injections