Botolinum is a toxic polypeptide produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum that inhibits acetylcholine release from nerve endings, resulting in reduced neuromuscular transmission and local muscle activity, as well as cholinergic mediated parasympathetic activities.1 Its name is derived from the Latin word botulus, meaning sausage, as its toxicity was initially attributed to the oil of spoiled sausages. Of late, botolinum, packaged in various commercial forms such as onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox® type A, Allergan, Irvine, CA), is popularly used in several medical applications such as blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis and strabismus, and most famously in cosmetic surgery, where Botox® injections are used to eliminate and/or smoothen wrinkles.
Injections

No abstract available.
Injections, Epidural*

No abstract available.
Injections, Epidural*

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a central role in the pathophysiologic process underlying neovascular eye diseases. As such, anti-VEGF-based pharmacologic agents have emerged as a highly effective treatment modality for various visually debilitating retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies. The introduction of these pharmacologic agents directly into the vitreous cavity by means of an injection through the pars plana has become a widely performed ophthalmic procedure both locally and overseas.
Intravitreal Injections

We encountered a case of an accidental epidural injection of ondansetron through an epidural catheter. No neurological complications were noted. This case highlights the need for more attention to minimize the risk of epidural injections.
Catheters ; Injections, Epidural* ; Ondansetron*

After utilization of CT scanner in the diagnosic of patients with severe head injuries, IH is more frequently reported. Patients with head injuries associated with IH have worse prognosis than that with no IH. This suggests that cranio-cerebral trauma is the major cause of that bad prognosis.
Injections, Intraventricular ; Prognosis

There are 4 major reasons of infection for non- injection table drugs including raw materials, method of production, nature of formulation, equipment and storage. WHO recommends that eye drop, drugs for external use, drug for oral and suppository, drugs originated natural materials should be taken in the infectious prevention.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; infection ; Injections

To contribute strengthen the intravenous drug quality were manufactured in Vietnam. The intravenous drugs which must limpidity and haven't strange agents, then using microscope or counter to identify limitation of particle that can not be found by normal eye.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Injections

The application of embryo cryopreservation is now a routine feature of clinical ART programs. The cryopreservation of embryos following in vitro fertilization (IVF) provides numerous advantages to couples. The first advantage is that of further possibilities for conception in addition to those achieved from the fresh cycle. Secondly, the cryopreservation of embryos provides a method of storage of excess embryos, thus helping to alleviate pressures to transfer high numbers of embryos. Thirdly, embryo cryopreservation plays an important role to prevent severe ovarian hyperstimulation, thus allowing a delay of embryo transfer to a later cycle and diminished the severity of hyperstimulation. Excessive embryos with good quality can be stored at cleavage (4-8 cell) or at blastocyst stage. The success rate for using cryopreserved-thawed embryos was reported to be 4-20%. In this paper, we reported the first clinical pregnancy in Vietnam from a subsequent thawing cycle
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

This study involved 82 addicts (male: 74, female: 8) with average ages of 30.3, and average duration of drug injection (2.3 years). Results have shown that the pseudoaneurysm in Vietnam was increasingly. Most of patients admitted to hospital due to the ruptured pseudoaneurysm and much bleeding. The vascular legation was acceptable and simple method that can be implemented in the local level.
Aneurysm, False ; Injections ; therapeutics