This paper present a microcontroller system for target controlled infusion according to pharmacodynamic parameters of intravenous anesthetics. It can control the depth of anesthesia by adjusting the level of plasma concentrations. The system has the advantages of high precision, extended function and easy operation. It has been now used in the clinical anesthesia.
Algorithms ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; instrumentation ; methods ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Computer Systems ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Microcomputers ; Software Design

Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular ; injuries ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Infusions, Intravenous ; methods ; Injections ; methods ; Male ; Rabbits ; Syringes

Since April 1972, we have used the method of continuous intravenous infusion of thiopentoned tubocurarine mixture in 74 cases which were not required fully muscular relaxation during operation such as orthopedic operation, laminectomy, and mastoidectomy etc. The results were as follows. 1. The average needs of thiopentone and d-tubocurarine were 430mg/hr and 6.5mg/hr. 2. There were no specific changes on blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration. 3. The average recovery time was 20 minutes. 4. This method was very simple, economic and no risk of explosion.
Blood Pressure ; Explosions ; Heart Rate ; Infusions, Intravenous* ; Laminectomy ; Methods* ; Orthopedics ; Relaxation ; Respiration ; Thiopental ; Tubocurarine

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for control of postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Between May 2012 and August 2014, 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with acromioplasty and received patient-controlled analgesia were studied prospectively. Cases were divided into 2 groups: combined subacromial and intravenous infusion group (group A, 30 cases) and solitary intravenous infusion group (group B, 30 cases). The visual analogue scale was used to record the patient's level of pain every 12 hours during postoperative 72 hours and the following 48 hours after the suspension of patient-controlled analgesia. RESULTS: The mean preoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.8 in group A and 7.6 in group B, and the immediate postoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.9 and 8.1 for each group. At postoperative time (From 12 hours to 72 hours after operation), the scores of combined subacromial and intravenous infusion were significantly lower than those of solitary intravenous infusion. Significant difference in the frequency of supplemental analgesic injections was observed between group A and group B (p=0.008). However, no significant difference in complication rate was observed between the two groups (p=0.562). CONCLUSIONS: Combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is more effective than solitary intravenous infusion without significantly increasing complications. Therefore, combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia could be a effective pain control method.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Methods ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff*

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for control of postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. METHODS: Between May 2012 and August 2014, 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with acromioplasty and received patient-controlled analgesia were studied prospectively. Cases were divided into 2 groups: combined subacromial and intravenous infusion group (group A, 30 cases) and solitary intravenous infusion group (group B, 30 cases). The visual analogue scale was used to record the patient's level of pain every 12 hours during postoperative 72 hours and the following 48 hours after the suspension of patient-controlled analgesia. RESULTS: The mean preoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.8 in group A and 7.6 in group B, and the immediate postoperative visual analogue scale score was 7.9 and 8.1 for each group. At postoperative time (From 12 hours to 72 hours after operation), the scores of combined subacromial and intravenous infusion were significantly lower than those of solitary intravenous infusion. Significant difference in the frequency of supplemental analgesic injections was observed between group A and group B (p=0.008). However, no significant difference in complication rate was observed between the two groups (p=0.562). CONCLUSIONS: Combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is more effective than solitary intravenous infusion without significantly increasing complications. Therefore, combined subacromial and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia could be a effective pain control method.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Methods ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff

Anesthesiology ; methods ; Catheterization ; Equipment Failure ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; instrumentation ; Injections, Spinal ; instrumentation ; Needles ; Plastics

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effect of postoperative arterial infusion chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy in gastric cancer.

METHODSFrom July 1997 to July 2002, the patients undergoing radical gastric resection were randomly divided into two groups, and received systemic or arterial infusion chemotherapy three weeks after radical resection. Systemic chemotherapy was carried out for two courses with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), pirarubicin (THP), and mitomycin (MMC) administered according to FAM program, while arterial infusion chemotherapy for four courses with the same anticancer drugs infused via the celiac artery. The outcomes were compared.

RESULTSSystemic chemotherapy was carried out in 188 cases, and arterial infusion chemotherapy in 180 cases. There were no significant differences in sex, age, tumor location, histological type, TNM stage and surgical procedure between the two groups (P > 0.05). The 1, 3, 5 year survival rates were 87.2%, 53.7% and 43.1% in systemic chemotherapy, and 93.3%, 72.2% and 53.6% in arterial infusion chemotherapy respectively (P< 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe survival rate of the patients with arterial infusion chemotherapy is higher than that with systemic chemotherapy, which indicates that arterial infusion chemotherapy can remarkably improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy

This work aimed to set up a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the concentration of lansoprazole in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetic characters of lansoprazole in Chinese healthy volunteers after intravenous (IV) infusion. In accordance with double 3 x 3 Latin square design with self-crossover design, 12 volunteers were randomly divided into six groups, with half males and half females. The volunteers were administered with single dose of 15, 30, 60 mg of lansoprazole by IV infusion at a constant speed respectively, to study the clinical pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole. The linear range of lansoprazole in human plasma was 0.020-4.970 microg/ml (r = 0.9999); The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 10%. After receiving single doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg of lansoprazole, t(1/2) were (1.663 +/- 0.405) h, (1.541 +/- 0.339)h and (1.747 +/- 0.156) h; Cmax were (1.065 +/- 0.094) microg/ml, (2.104 +/- 0.312) microg/ml and (3.786 +/- 0.356) microg/ml; AUC(0-infinity) were (2.376 +/- 0. 432) microg x h/ ml, (4.722 +/- 0.753) microg x h/ml and (10.495 +/- 2.129) microg x h/ml respectively. The improved HPLC method is simple, rapid and reproducible. It could be used for determination of the concentration of lansoprazole in human plasma. The pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole for injection was found to fit the linear dynamics in vivo within the dose range of 15 to 60 mg. In addition, the results suggested that gender had no statistic significant effect on the pharmacokinetic process of lansoprazole after IV infusion of single dose.
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lansoprazole ; Male ; Proton Pump Inhibitors

OBJECTIVETo develop a spectral assay for determination of pachyman sulfate (PS) in rat plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations of PS.

METHODThe spectral probe azur A (AA) was used to measure the concentration of PS in rat plasma, since AA could combine the sulfate groups in PS molecules and consequently induced the color change in solution. The optimal wavelengths, concentrations of plasma and AA in reaction system were determined by spectral scanning and serial tests. The plasma PS concentrations were measured at different time after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations at the dosage of 60 and 20 mg x kg(-1), respectively.

RESULTThe optimal detecting wavelength was 620 nm. The maximum concentration of plasma and the optimal concentration of AA were 1.25% and 8.24 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) in reaction system, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0-10 mg x L(-1) with a correlation coefficiency of 0.995 9. The mean recovery was 100. 55%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-group and inter-group were all less than 5%. After intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations, the corresponding elimination half-lives were 319.09 min and 204.85 min, respectively. The elimination of PS in blood matched the open model of one compartment and first-order elimination. The bioavailability of PS via intraperitoneal injection was 69.12%.

CONCLUSIONThe spectral probe AA was convenience, sensitive, accurate and steady to use for measuring the concentration of PS in the blood of rats; this made the research work of PS-pharmacokinetics easy and concise.

Animals ; Glucans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Poria ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry ; methods

BACKGROUNDSufentanil is a suitable choice for target-controlled infusion (TCI) because of its shorter context-sensitive half-time. The current study was to estimate the pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI in Chinese patients using the two-stage analysis.

METHODSTwelve adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were included. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, rocuronium and sufentanil administered by TCI lasting for 30 minutes, with target effect-site concentration of sufentanil 4 or 6 ng/ml. Frequent arterial blood samples (1.5 ml) were taken during and up to 24 hours after sufentanil TCI. Before the end of surgery, another arterial blood sample (1.0 ml) was drawn for the blood-gas analysis. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (limit of quantitation was 5 pg/ml). The data were analyzed with the two-stage approach, linear regression and correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI were adequately described by a three-compartment model. The variables were derived as follows: the volume of central compartment (V(1)) was 5.4 L, volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 222.6 L, metabolic clearance (Cl(1)) was 0.84 L/min and elimination half-life (t(1/2Y)) was 389 minutes. Patients' age, gender and PaCO2 correlated significantly with the pharmacokinetic parameters. The Vdss, volume of slowly equilibrating compartment (V(3)) and t(1/2Y) increased, and rapid distribution clearance (Cl(2)) decreased with increasing patient age. Male patients had larger values of Vdss, volume of rapidly equilibrating compartment (V(2)) and V(3) than female patients. The Vdss and V(3) increased with higher PaCO2 values. There were no significant correlations between the pharmacokinetic variables and body weight, height, lean body mass, plasma albumin, sufentanil dose, duration of surgery, pH or base excess of blood (BE-B).

CONCLUSIONSThe pharmacokinetics of sufentanil TCI in Chinese patients can be optimally described by a three-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic analysis technique may affect the pharmacokinetic parameters and correlations.

Adult ; Aged ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sufentanil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Young Adult