Diarrhoeal diseases still affect many people, especially children living in impoverished and under-developed settings. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization and a major cause of death. Here, we focus on the role of Shigella in diarrhoeal illness in PNG, and provide an overview of the causative organism and the illness. A review of the available data on the aetiology of diarrhoea in PNG suggests that shigellosis is a major cause of diarrhoeal illness. Since shigellosis can cause protracted and life-threatening illness an appreciation of the burden of shigellosis is important to aid in the development of optimal prevention and control strategies. Treatment strategies for all cases of moderate-severe diarrhoeal illness should centre on rehydration, but where antimicrobial treatment is required consideration should be given to the increasing antimicrobial resistance observed in Shigella isolates in PNG.
Shigellosis ; Diseases ; Infection prevention

Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Infection Control

Infection is still the major cause of death in severe burn patients, thus the optimization of antibiotic therapy is an important approach to the annihilation of pathogenic bacteria and the decrease of drug-resistance bacteria. It is urgent for burn surgeons to face the selection pressure of antibiotics and the fungous infections following the incorrect use of antibiotics. Regardless of its complexity, the treatment of sepsis associated with post-burn bacterial infections should be systematical. Besides the effective anti-shock therapy, early enteral feeding, excision of necrotic tissues, and effective anti-infection treatment, the immunological regulation and the prevention and cure of coagulation disorders are necessary in the treatment of severely burned patients.
Burns ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Mycoses ; prevention & control

Nosocomial infection is a major challenge in modern hospital management. It affects not only patient safety but also the health of the health care workers. Inappropriate control of nosocomial infections will lead to serious results. China introduced the concept of nosocomial infection control in mid 1980s. Since then, tremendous achievements have been made, while lags still exist when compared with the developed countries. Further efforts should be made to strengthen discipline construction and develop scientific control approaches.
China ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infection Control

The efficacy of pre-operative single dose antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing infection after gynecological surgery has been demonstrated. In this study 200 patients were randomly enrolled in two groups. Each of the 1st group (n=100) was received 2 g of ampicillin and 160 mg of gentamycin per day, during 7 days of postoperation. Each of the other (n=100) was received 1.5g of cefuroxime (Zinacef) single-dose 15-30 minutes before operation. The two treatments were compared. There was no difference between two groups about the number of white blood cell, the fever and the hospitalization stay. No infectious complication was noted. But in the group receiving Zinacef, the patient felt less painful and the hospitalization stay might be reduced
Cefuroxime ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; surgery ; prevention ; infection

Burns ; microbiology ; Humans ; Wound Infection ; prevention & control

Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans

Comprehensive prevention and treatment of burn infection should be further enhanced, as monotonous treatment is prone to fail to get satisfying curative effects. In the articles to be published in this issue, causative factors for burn infection are analyzed in depth and discussed from different angles, and they will lay the foundation for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of burn infection.
Burns ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; Wound Infection ; etiology ; prevention & control

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Pandemics ; prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral ; prevention & control

A new edition of infection control manual was brought out after months of reviewing the utility of the preceding edition. Using the new manual, a series of study meetings were held with the aim of raising awareness among the personnel of infection prevention.Preventive measures have been changing with rapid advances in medical treatment. The old manual, which had undergone revision repeatedly, was not utilized fully. In view of the situation, questionnaires were distributed to all the members of the hospital staff (n=447) to investigate the reasons why the manual had not been utilized. Although many respondents were of the opinion that the old manual was out of date, too thick, and unreadable, 44.7% said they had used it. 55.3% answered that they had asked their superiors or colleagues out of necessity. Based on these results, we started making a compilation of a new manual, easy to understand and friendly to the users. It took about six months to complete it. Copies of the new manual were given to all the staff members. In the study meetings, various subjects were taken up for discussion, including the definition of nosocominal infection, “universal precaution,” how to effectively wash your hands, how to keep the rest rooms clean, how to wear the gloves and mask, and so forth. We believe that the personnel’s consciousness of infection prevention was further raised by holding the study meetings.
Manuals ; Prevention ; Infection as complication of medical care ; Hospitals ; Infections of musculoskeletal system