After The 6th Party Congress, Vietnam pharmaceutical industry prospered, especially in 1990s. Pharmaceutical industry was rising; drug market in Vietnam became eventful and plentiful, responded more and more effectively for the healthcare needs of people. The author mentioned situations of pharmaceutical production and trade in Vietnam during 1996-2002 period: kinds of pharmaceutical companies, situation of drug use, situation of production and trade of Vietnamese pharmaceutical companies and ensuring drug quality
Drug Industry ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The average incidence/case/year of Ha Bac nitrate and chemical factory during two years (2002-2003) was 1.38 incidence/case/year (2002) and 1.63 incidence/case/year (2003). The diseases were high incidence as follows: odonto-maxial-facial disease, ear-nose-throat disease. Workers with I health level and II health level were the highest: 70.33% (2002) and 65.05% (2003). The rate of workers with III health level were very high and tend to increase, remained the rate of workers with V health level.
Health ; Nitrates ; Chemical Industry

A survey on 4 typical industrial areas of Quang Ninh province at 12 representative facilities and inhabitants areas: Ha Long, Uong Bi, Cam Pha and morbidity statistics in workers by examining periodically has shown that the severe dusts, tiny dusts accounted for high rate, poisonous gas concentration was high at some working places, over standard noise was common, oxygen concentration was reduced in the air. The diseases of ear, nose and throat were 46%, dental maxillofacial diseases, dermatological diseases were 35-36%, internal disease and gynecological diseases in women were 26%, the rate of occupational accidents were high.
Health status ; manpower ; Industry

Vi typhoid vaccine produced at the Institute of Vaccine Nha Trang - Da Lat according to the technological procedure of National Institute of Health, and met the specifications of European Pharmacoepia and the requirements of WHO: O-acetyl (m mol/dose): 0,082+/-0,0186. Vi content (g/dose): 27,6+/-2,92. Lot No6 was selected for field trial to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the product
vaccines ; Industry ; Typhoid Fever

Objects: labour force capital and labour market in some pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises during years of 1991-1994. Methods: efficacy of working, labour cost, studying and building a period of business, manufacture. High evaluation on needs of human resource, who were trained to become enough standard for moral and talent in arranged sites and close technical process.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drug Industry

Pharmaceuticals industry is developing over the country. In a new tendency, pharmaceutical enterprises have trained staff and workers to meet new requirements as well as invested in infrastructure and modern equipment. These enterprises have registered to produce 7,569 medical completed products including 4,000 new medications which are resulted from 401 active ingredients. Revenues in 2004 reached 4,700 billion VND. However, Vietnam’s pharmaceutical industry is still limited and Vietnam ranks in forth group in world's pharmaceutical industry. Restrictions of Vietnam’s pharmaceutical industry are presented in two factors: pharmaceutical chemistry industry and pharmaceutical biological industry. In global’s competitive market with many unprecedented changes, Vietnamese enterprises in general and pharmaceutical enterprises in particular have a few competition advantages. Therefore, competition advantages should be created in the market. Factors of human resources and science – technology is very important, which is key foundation and motivation to help the pharmaceutical enterprises stablize and develop in current integration tendency
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Industry

Bio-based fiber is environment friendly, reproducible, easily biodegradable. Therefore, rapid development of bio-based fiber industry is an obvious in progress to replace petrochemical resources, develop sustainable economy, build resource saving and environment friendly society. This article describes the current development of bio-based fiber industry, analyzes existing problems, indicates the trends and objectives of bio-based fiber materials technology innovation and recommends developing bio-based fibers industry of our country.
Biotechnology ; Chemical Industry

No abstract available.
Drug Industry* ; Prescriptions*

No abstract available.
Drug Industry* ; Prescriptions*

OBJECTIVES: Small enterprises have higher exposure to occupational hazards compared to larger enterprises and further, they have fewer resources to control the risks. In order to improve the working environment, development of efficient measures is therefore a major challenge for regulators and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic model for the design of tailored intervention programmes meeting the needs of small enterprises. METHODS: An important challenge for the design process is the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The concept of realist analysis can provide insight into mechanisms by which intervention knowledge can be transferred from one context to another. We use this theoretical approach to develop a design model. RESULTS: The model consist of five steps: 1) Defining occupational health and safety challenges of the target group, 2) selecting methods to improve the working environment, 3) developing theories about mechanisms which motivate the target group, 4) analysing the specific context of the target group for small enterprise programmes including owner-management role, social relations, and the perception of the working environment, and 5) designing the intervention based on the preceding steps. We demonstrate how the design model can be applied in practice by the development of an intervention programme for small enterprises in the construction industry. CONCLUSION: The model provides a useful tool for a systematic design process. The model makes it transparent for both researchers and practitioners as to how existing knowledge can be used in the design of new intervention programmes.
Construction Industry ; Occupational Health