China ; Humans ; Industry ; Pneumoconiosis

The application of enzymes has a high potential in the pulp and paper industry to improve the economics of the paper production process and to achieve, at the same time, a reduced environmental burden. Specific enzymes contribute to reduce the amount of chemicals, water and energy in various processes. This review is aimed at presenting the latest progresses of applying enzymes in bio-pulping, bio-bleaching, bio-deinking, enzymatic control of pitch and enzymatic modification of fibers.
Enzymes ; Industry ; Paper

OBJECTIVES: Small enterprises have higher exposure to occupational hazards compared to larger enterprises and further, they have fewer resources to control the risks. In order to improve the working environment, development of efficient measures is therefore a major challenge for regulators and other stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic model for the design of tailored intervention programmes meeting the needs of small enterprises. METHODS: An important challenge for the design process is the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The concept of realist analysis can provide insight into mechanisms by which intervention knowledge can be transferred from one context to another. We use this theoretical approach to develop a design model. RESULTS: The model consist of five steps: 1) Defining occupational health and safety challenges of the target group, 2) selecting methods to improve the working environment, 3) developing theories about mechanisms which motivate the target group, 4) analysing the specific context of the target group for small enterprise programmes including owner-management role, social relations, and the perception of the working environment, and 5) designing the intervention based on the preceding steps. We demonstrate how the design model can be applied in practice by the development of an intervention programme for small enterprises in the construction industry. CONCLUSION: The model provides a useful tool for a systematic design process. The model makes it transparent for both researchers and practitioners as to how existing knowledge can be used in the design of new intervention programmes.
Construction Industry ; Occupational Health

The development of new drugs and medical devices has been attributed to constant innovation, and the medical device industry in particular is growing faster than the drug industry. The medical device market in Korea is growing, with an average annual growth rate of 12.6% from 2006 to 2008. The production amount of medical devices categorized as Class 3 or Class 4 increased more rapidly than Class 1 or Class 2 with an increase in portion size. Clinical trials are a crucial process through which the safety and efficacy of medical devices is evaluated prior to allowing them to be used by the public. Recently, the approval rate of clinical trials for medical devices by the Korea Food & Drug Administration has increased, indicating that clinical trials that could be scientifically feasible and ethically justified were planned. To satisfy the increasing need for high quality clinical trials, a total of 6 medical device clinical trial center consortia have been designated by the Ministry of Health & Welfare as of July 2010. Medical devices take significantly less time to get to the market compared to drugs and there is much need for innovation. Therefore, the clinical trial market for new medical devices is expected to grow faster than previously forecast.
Drug Industry ; Korea

BACKGROUND: Health and safety (H&S) on a construction site can either make or break a contractor, if not properly managed. The usage of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for H&S on construction execution has the potential to augment practitioner understanding of their sites, and by so doing reduce the probability of accidents. This research explores BIM usage within the construction industry in relation to H&S communication. METHODS: In addition to an extensive literature review, a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather information on the embedment of H&S planning with the BIM environment for site practitioners. RESULTS: The analysis of responses indicated that BIM will enhance the current approach of H&S planning for construction site personnel. CONCLUSION: From the survey, toolbox talk will have to be integrated with the BIM environment, because it is the predominantly used procedure for enhancing H&S issues within construction sites. The advantage is that personnel can visually understand H&S issues as work progresses during the toolbox talk onsite.
Construction Industry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Drug Industry* ; Prescriptions*

No abstract available.
Drug Industry* ; Prescriptions*

The average incidence/case/year of Ha Bac nitrate and chemical factory during two years (2002-2003) was 1.38 incidence/case/year (2002) and 1.63 incidence/case/year (2003). The diseases were high incidence as follows: odonto-maxial-facial disease, ear-nose-throat disease. Workers with I health level and II health level were the highest: 70.33% (2002) and 65.05% (2003). The rate of workers with III health level were very high and tend to increase, remained the rate of workers with V health level.
Health ; Nitrates ; Chemical Industry

A survey on 4 typical industrial areas of Quang Ninh province at 12 representative facilities and inhabitants areas: Ha Long, Uong Bi, Cam Pha and morbidity statistics in workers by examining periodically has shown that the severe dusts, tiny dusts accounted for high rate, poisonous gas concentration was high at some working places, over standard noise was common, oxygen concentration was reduced in the air. The diseases of ear, nose and throat were 46%, dental maxillofacial diseases, dermatological diseases were 35-36%, internal disease and gynecological diseases in women were 26%, the rate of occupational accidents were high.
Health status ; manpower ; Industry

Vi typhoid vaccine produced at the Institute of Vaccine Nha Trang - Da Lat according to the technological procedure of National Institute of Health, and met the specifications of European Pharmacoepia and the requirements of WHO: O-acetyl (m mol/dose): 0,082+/-0,0186. Vi content (g/dose): 27,6+/-2,92. Lot No6 was selected for field trial to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the product
vaccines ; Industry ; Typhoid Fever