Infant Incubator is the most important equipment in a infant ICU. This maintain adequate temperature and humidity for survival of infants. The final object of this research is Web-based monitoring of several infant incubators in ICU. To realize these objects, we developed a temperature/humidity sensing module which is interfaced to Web server board via RS485 port. We used a small micro controller in each sensing module. So the size of this module is small enough to be attached to incubator. We can access each sensing module with RS485 port on Web server board via network. As a first trial, we networked 4 infant incubators. The operator can send alarms to each incubator and these alarms are indicated with sounds and lights on measurement module. Our system can increase the convenience by a intensive central monitoring, so instant handling to some kinds of accident is possible.
Humans ; Humidity ; Incubators ; Incubators, Infant* ; Infant*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of adverse events in the clinical use of infant incubators of three kinds of national medical devices in Zhejiang Province. METHODS: Semi-quantitative matrix analysis was used to analyze the risk of adverse events related to incubator products in Zhejiang province from August 2018 to August 2019. RESULTS: Through the risk analysis of 213 cases of adverse events of infant incubator product, the risk point and degree of the product in practical clinical application were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Through the evaluation results of the production enterprises, medical institutions put forward relevant recommendations to reduce the risk of product use to prevent the recurrence of serious adverse events in the use of the product and spread.
Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant

This study is aimed to design the testing system of multiple parameters of the incubators, and to make their quality control plans. Also it is required to establish a model of data collection and processing based on MCU, and to program the host computer software in order to analyze data. The result shows that the testing system is accurate and stable; also it is convenient to collect the data. This testing system is a good complement of the quality control of incubators. It has a high practical value in improving medical safety and reducing the occurrence of adverse events.
Incubators ; Incubators, Infant ; standards ; Infant, Premature ; Quality Control ; Software

Background: Transporting preterm neonates soon after birth entails risks. Only one study among many about the beneficial effects of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) had cited it as a safe and effective alternative to transport incubators. Objective: To determine if KMC transport could be an alternative to transport incubators by comparing the physiological outcomes of the two transport methods. Methods: This is a parallel non-blinded randomized-controlled trial funded by KMC Foundation, Philippines, Inc, of physiologically stable preterm neonates weighing ≤ 2200 grams delivered at a tertiary government hospital from September 10, 2011, to April 18, 2012. After obtaining written consent from their mothers, participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention groups were transported from the delivery room to the NICU while on skin-to-skin contact with the caregiver. In contrast, those in the control group were placed in a transport incubator. Vital signs, oxygen saturation, and blood glucose were measured before transport and upon NICU arrival. Adverse effects were monitored. Data were recorded using a standard database. Results: Ninety-two participants were recruited, forty-six in each arm. Two dropped out. The mean change in heart rate in the KMC transport decreased by 1.6 beats per minute; respiratory rate decreased by 0.18 breaths per minute, the temperature increased by 0.01°C, oxygen saturation decreased by 0.07%, blood glucose decreased by 5.07 mg/dL. The measured physiological parameters were not statistically significant between the two groups. In the KMC transport, there was a decreasing trend in the incidence of hypothermia, hypoglycemia, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Conclusion There are no significant differences in the heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, and blood glucose levels among preterm neonates on KMC transport compared with preterm neonates on transport incubators, which is the current standard of care. The study showed that KMC transport is equally effective as a transport incubator. Hence, in low-resource settings, KMC transport may be used as a safe and effective neonatal transport.
Kangaroo-Mother Care Method ; Incubators

According to current assembly situation of infant incubator in company A, basic industrial engineering means such as time study was used to analyze the actual products assembly production and an assembly line was designed. The assembly line was modeled and simulated with software Flexsim. The problem of the assembly line was found by comparing simulation result and actual data, then through optimization to obtain high efficiency assembly line.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Software

The standard terms of infant incubators with high clinical risk and high incidence of adverse events has been tested through the introduction of YY/T 0841-2011 standard, an on-site inspection scheme for using infant incubators has been proposed, the problems existing in the inspection are analyzed and reasonable suggestions are put forward, this paper provides a certain technical reference for the whole life cycle management of the infant incubator.
Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Physical Examination

PURPOSE: To evaluate the release behavior of dexamethasone embedded in a polycarbonate polyurethane membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both water-soluble and water-insoluble dexamethasone were tested, and the release behavior of five water-insoluble dexamethasone films of different thickness (78 to 211 micrometer) was also evaluated. The amount of Dexamethasone used was 10% of the total weight of the polyurethane film mass. Each film was placed in a centrifuge tube containing 25 ml of 0.1-M neutral phosphate buffer, and the tubes were placed in a shaking incubator to quantify the amount of drug released into the buffer, absorption spectroscopy (lambda max=242 nm) was employed. RESULTS: In the test involving water-soluble dexamethasone, 60% of the drug was released during the first two hours of the study. Films containing water-insoluble Dexamethasone, on the other hand, released 40%, 60% and 75% of the dexamethasone in one, three and seven days, respectively. Both types of film maintained low-dose drug release for 28 days. When release behavior was compared between water-insoluble films of different thickness, thicker film showed less initial burst and more sustained release. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone release behavior varies according to drug solubility and membrane thickness, and may thus be conrolled.
Absorption ; Dexamethasone* ; Hand ; Incubators ; Membranes* ; Polyurethanes* ; Solubility ; Spectrum Analysis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the air contamination of the gelfoam in the angio-intervention room. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After exposing four groups of gelfoam(group A1 : gelfoam fragment, group A2 : gelfoam fragment+ saline +contrast media, group B1 : gelfoam powder, group B2 : gelfoam powder + saline + contrast media) to air in the angio-intervention room, we inoculated gelfoam in each group to 30 agar plates each at every fifteen minutes for one hour with aseptic cotton buds. Cultivating them in the incubator for one day, we evaluated the growth of bacteria or fungus. RESULTS: Out of 480 inoculated agar plates, the growth of coagulase(-) staphylococci was visible in 14 ; in group A1, two at 30 minutes, three at 45 minutes, and four at 60 minutes ; in group A2, one at 45 minutes and two at 60 minutes ; in group B1 and B2, one each at 45 minutes. The stastical analysis on bacterial contamination according to time sequence and group revealed no significance(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: If gelfoam is exposed to room air for less than 30 minutes, it is possible to reduce contamination by air-borne bacteria. Since coagulase-negative Staphylococci resistant to commonly used antibiotics, it is ideal to reduce exposure of gelfoamto room air for less than 30 minutes.
Agar ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable* ; Incubators

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of KCl on regulation of circadian gene CLOCK expression, we observed whether induction of CLOCK is influenced by KCl depolarization in B35 rat neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: B35 rat neuroblastoma cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in a 37 degrees C humidified incubator with 5% CO2. Inhibitors including cycloheximide and actinomycin D were pretreated 1 hour before treatment with 50mM KCl. Immunoblotting with anti-CLOCK antibody was done. RESULTS: CLCOK is induced by 50 mM KCl in B35 Rat Neuroblastoma cells, and a maximal induction in CLOCK level reached peak at 8 to 20 hours. The pretreatment of cycloheximide and actinomycin D prevented the induction of CLOCK by 50 mM KCl. CONCLUSION: We suggest that KCl depolarization may play critical roles in several aspects of the circadian gene CLOCK expression.
Animals ; Circadian Clocks ; Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; Immunoblotting ; Incubators ; Neuroblastoma* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: Epileptic patients have a increasing tendency to develop seizure attack in high temperature. This finding suggests that high temperature may have an effect on neuronal hyperexcitability and injury of epileptic brain. Therefore, the influence of high temperature on normal and epileptic brain was studied in organotypic explant cultures of rat. METHODS: Fourteen days-in-vitro cultures from 8 day-old rat pups were perfused with standard aCSF bubbled with 95%/5% O2/CO2 in a microchamber. Stimulus train(0.3 sec, 60 Hz) was applied to Schaffer collaterals in CA3 and extracellular field potential was recorded in the CA1 pyramidal layer. At 36degrees C initially, AD was evoked. In high temperature(HT) group, the cultures were subjected to 39degrees C for a period of 8 min before the second stimulus train was applied. They were then restored to 36degrees C for 10 min. In normal temperature group, temperature was maintained at 36degrees C for the second stimulus train. The cultures were returned to the incubator and observed serially for neuronal damage. Intensity of propidium iodide fluorescence indicative of neuronal injury was quantitated by digital image analysis. The cultures on the same insert that were not stimulated served as the unstimulated groups. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference in neuronal damage between the unstimulated high-temperature(HT) and normal-temperature(NT) group. In CA1 sector, % damage(mean+/-SEM) was 0.42+/-0.20 vs 0.27+/-0.05 at 24 hrs(HT vs NT group, n=16 each, P>0.05, Student t-test); 1.81+/-0.79 vs 1.43+/-0.27 at 48 hrs(P>0.05); 3.50+/-1.32 vs 3.35+/-0.56 at 72 hrs(P>0.05). In CA3 sector, % damage was 0.34+/-0.10 vs 0.20+/-0.03 at 24 hrs(P>0.05); 0.99+/-0.20 vs 0.83+/-0.23 at 48 hrs(P>0.05); 2.00+/-0.38% vs 2.26+/-0.35% at 72 hrs(P>0.05). Neuronal damage on AD induced cultures during febrile setting(n=16) was significantly higher than in nonfebrile setting(n=16). In CA1 sector, % damage was 6.63+/-2.56 vs 0.92+/-0.45 at 24 hrs(febrile setting vs nonfebrile setting, P= 0.036); 26.37+/-7.44 vs 4.99+/-2.23 at 48 hrs(P=0.010); 38.59+/-9.63 vs 6.48+/-2.30 at 72 hrs (P=0.003). In CA3 sector, % damage was 1.23+/-0.48 vs 3.91+/-2.37 at 24 hrs(P=0.277); 13.09+/-5.75 vs 5.93+/-3.27 at 48 hrs(P=0.288); 27.86+/-8.68 vs 7.54+/-3.74 at 72 hrs(P=0.04). CONCLUSION: At high temperature, seizures in epileptic brain may be more injurious than seizures in normal temperature.
Animals ; Brain ; Fluorescence ; Hippocampus* ; Humans ; Incubators ; Neurons* ; Propidium ; Rats* ; Seizures