Introduction: Placental metastasis from maternal malignancies is a rare occurrence with a significantly adverse prognosis on the mother with no known effect or established risk factors for the newborn. As such, characterization of these lesions is necessary to serve as a stepping stone for more exhaustive studies regarding this presentation. Case Summary : This is a case of a metastatic breast carcinoma in a mature singleton placenta in a 39 year old woman diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type/invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified, during the second trimester of pregnancy. Also discussed are the immunohistochemistry studies done to confirm the origin of the tumor. A comparison of the ER, PR, and HER2/neu receptor status between the primary lesion and the placental metastasis was also done. Conclusion Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is a lesion that carries adverse prognosis for the mother because of the delay in diagnosis attributable to confusion of symptomatology. The pertinent problem in pregnancy-associated breast cancer with placental metastasis is the deficiency of the placenta to induce tumor metastasis away from itself.
Immunohistochemistry

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with variable clinical outcomes. The immunogenotypic features of this heterogeneous disease in Malaysia were not well characterized. Materials & Methods: In total 141 local series of DLBCL cases from UKM Medical Centre were retrospectively studied. Results: Of these cases, we classified our patients into two subtypes: 32.7% (37/113) GCB and non-GCB 67.3% (76/113) by Hans algorithm and the results showed strong agreement with the results by Choi algorithm (κ = 0.828, P<0.001). Survival analysis indicated significant difference in between GCB and non-GCB subtypes (P=0.01), elevated serum LDH (P=0.016), age more than 60-year-old (P=0.021) and the presence of B symptoms (P=0.04). We observed 12% DLBCL cases were CD5 positive and 81.8% of them died of the disease (P=0.076). Analysis on the dual expression of MYC/ BCL2 revealed that there is no significant difference in DE and non-DE groups (P=0.916). FISH study reported there were 9.22% (13/141) rearranged cases observed in our population at which highest frequency of BCL6 gene rearrangement (76.9%), followed by MYC (15.4%) and BCL2 (7.7%); no BCL10 and MALT-1 gene rearrangement found regardless of using TMAs or whole tissue samples. More cases of MYC protein overexpression observed compared to MYC translocation. Conclusion: Relatively lower frequency of GCB tumours and low gene rearrangement rates were observed in Malaysian population. A national study is therefore warranted to know better the immunogenotypic characteristics of DLBCL in Malaysia and their implications on the survival.
immunohistochemistry

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm. This case reports a 63-year-old female previously diagnosed with bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma post resection who presents with persistent epigastric pain. Suspicions for recurrence prompted diagnostics revealing retropancreatic and left suprarenal foci, both suspicious for malignancy. Resection of both tumors yielded a moderately to poorly differentiated retropancreatic carcinoma with differentials not limited to recurrence and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with a left suprarenal lymph node. Immunohistochemistry was then done and was consistent with SPN having a strong expression for b-catenin, vimentin, pancytokeratin. It was non-specific to melan-A and negative for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, inhibin-a and CD10. At 6 months’ follow up, patient is clinically well and abdominal CT scan showed no recurrence. SPNs can masquerade as other neoplasms having similar clinical, radiologic and histopathologic features. Immunohistochemistry thus plays a crucial role for accurate diagnosis and management. Surgical resection still remains the treatment of choice and can provide a 95% overall survival rate, while limited evidence supports the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation.
Immunohistochemistry

No abstract available.
Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Immunohistochemistry*

No abstract available.
Immunohistochemistry* ; Sciuridae*

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma of adipocytic lineage. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for diagnosis. A 51-year-old Filipino woman presented with a rapidly enlarging left gluteal tumor. Histopathology revealed a multilobulated tumor having prominent myxoid stroma with numerous stellate-shaped, atypical cells bearing atypical mitotic figures. Other lobules were composed of sheets of pleomorphic cells, with atypical mitotic figures. The tumor stained positively with alcian blue, vimentin, MDM2 and p16 stains. Other immunohistochemical (IHC) studies done (pancytokeratin, CK7, CK 20, CD 34, CEA, desmin, EMA, SMA, S100) showed negative results. After a 2 cm wide excision of the sarcoma, patient was free from local tumor recurrence for 2 months, after which she was lost to follow-up. We report this case and a brief review of the current literature on dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
Liposarcoma ; Immunohistochemistry

Introduction: Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous slow growing tumor seen in areas rich in apocrine glands such as the anogenital region while ectopic EMPD is defined as EMPD arising on non-apocrine areas. The pigmented variant of EMPD is a very rare finding, with only a few reported cases, and can be misdiagnosed as melanoma. Case report: We report a case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with a four-year history of pruritic, non- healing erythematous plaques located on the right axilla and left lower abdomen. Histopathology revealed acanthotic epidermis with atypical keratinocytes that was negative for anti S-100 and Melan-A and was positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin (CK), CK 7 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Patient was managed as pigmented and ectopic variant of extramammary Paget’s disease. Several tests and imaging were done to rule out malignancy. Wide excision with axillary node dissection, bilateral inguinal node dissection, frozen section biopsy and reconstruction using right pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap, split thickness skin graft with left inguinohypogastric drain were done by reconstructive surgery. Frozen section biopsy was negative for S-100, MELAN-A and HMB-45, ruling out malignant melanoma. Patient followed up every month for 6 months after the procedure with no recurrence and lymphadenopathy. Conclusion This case emphasizes that extramammary Paget’s disease is not a preventable disease and early diagnosis is the key to a favorable diagnosis. Any unilateral eczematous lesion that does not respond to an appropriate course of topical treatment warrants a skin biopsy.
Melanoma ; Immunohistochemistry

Between 1996 and 1998, 31 cases of primary extranodal malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied immunohistochemically. Immunohistochemical study showed that the majority of the cases were of B-cell type: 19 cases (73.07%) and only 3 cases (11.53%) were of the T-cell type. According to the Working Formulation system, the most common histologic type was diffuse, large cell type (61.29%). The histologic grade was moderate grade: 23 cases (74.19%), high grades: 5 cases (16.13%).
Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Background: Large lymph-node is clinically common sign. However, in some cases, it is difficult to diagnosis by staining method routinely. Objectives: To classify of lymph node lesions by histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Subjects and methods: 1860 cases carried out lymph node biopsies at K Hospital were histologically and immunohistochemically analyzed. Results: The most common lesions were lymph node metastasis (35.25%) chronic lymphnoditis (20.82%), tuberculous lymphnoditis (19.42%) and non Hodgkin lymphoma (18.62%). Histological typing of metastasis revealed that the most frequent types were undifferentiated carcinomas (28.13%), squamous carcinomas (23.7%), adenocarcinomas (16.97%) and type-unspecified carcinomas (13.3%). Non Hodgkin lymphoma rate was higher than that of Hodgkin lymphoma (86.06% versus 12.8%). Immunopheotype of non Hodgkin lymphomas showed that 79.71 % were B cell type, 18.15% were T cell type and 2.14% were Ki-1 type. The most common types of B cell lymphomas were diffuse large B cell lymphomas (35.57%), follicular lymphomas (25.9%) and diffuse small B cell lymphomas (13.83%), The most common types of T cell lymphomas were lymphoblastic T cell lymphomas (41.8%)., large T cell lymphomas (23.53%) and unspecified periphery T cell lymphomas (11.76%). Conclusion: Immunohistochemical analysis of metastasis allowed identifying immunophenotypes of different types of metastatic carcinoma and melanoma and evaluating the origin of unknown primary metastasis. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphoma