By column chromatograpy and thin layer chromatography, a purified substance named H3 was isolate from the dried powder of Rau Ma (leaf, stem and root of Centella asiatica). Basing on fusion point, IR spectrum, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, COSY 90, the extracted substance was identified as C48H78O19
Triterpenes ; Centella ; isolation & purification ; Identification (Psychology)

Burnout, Professional ; psychology ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Midwifery ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Identification

PURPOSE: The current study was aimed to investigate the transformational experience of a female student nurse living with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: A case study of a 24-year-old diabetes patient was conducted, with interviews concerning the evolving process she had lived through during the period from her later high school years to her graduation from nursing college. RESULTS: Followings were identified as 5-transformation process: With her diabetes-related limitation, the participant experienced 'conflict involving choosing a college and major'. The participant tried to be in charge of managing her diabetes and stepped forward to 'adaptation to college life as a new environment', and she learned more about the process of 'evolving awareness of caring' and developed herself further through the process of 'integration of the nurse identity into self-identity', and finally through the process of 'progression and preparation for getting a job' she achieved her goals, being positive about the future. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study can provide individuals with diabetes a way of self-management and help the patients and their families in diabetes education. Further research will be needed to refine the results of this study and to learn more about the experiences of patients with type I diabetes in college years.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Career Choice ; Conflict (Psychology) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*psychology ; Empathy ; Female ; Humans ; Job Application ; Korea ; Social Identification ; Students, Nursing/*psychology

The Bacillus cereus group includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides, B. weihenstephanensis, B. pseudomycoides. The members of B. cereus group shares strong degree of DNA sequence similarity. Even though the biochemical test and bacteriological test have been used to identify the B. cereus group, an accurate identification system of the B. cereus group is required. We have developed a highly specific PCR-based assay for the B. cereus group chromosome using a sequence motif found within a spore structural gene (sspE). Using the assay, we were able to discriminate B. anthracis from the other members of B. cereus group. We also tried to find a new system for the B. cereus group identification. Five bacteriological tests (hemolysis, motility, penicillin susceptibility, rhizoid growth, toxic crystal formation), API system (API 50CHB & API 20E), MLST and sspE PCR were performed on 28 strains of the B. cereus group. The dendrogram generated from API system and bacteriological tests revealed that B. cereus and B. thuringiensis are grouped into the same cluster. In combination of sspE PCR and bacteriological tests, the dendrogram showed that 4 strains of B. cereus clustered within the same group. B. thuringiensis formed the subgroup in the same cluster. All strains of B. mycoides were encompassed together. Another cluster only included B. anthracis. The best system was determined to be sspE PCR and bacteriological tests. It is concluded that sspE PCR and bacteriological tests could be used for rapid discrimination and identification of B. anthracis and provided an effective means of differentiation between the B. cereus group.
Bacillus ; Bacillus cereus ; Base Sequence ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Social Identification ; Spores ; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

PURPOSE: This research was an empirical study designed to identify precursors and interaction effects related to nurses' patient identification behavior. A multilevel analysis methodology was used. METHODS: A self-report survey was administered to registered nurses (RNs) of a university hospital in South Korea. Of the questionnaires, 1114 were analyzed. RESULTS: The individual-level factors that had a significantly positive association with patient identification behavior were person-organization value congruence, organizational commitment, occupational commitment, tenure at the hospital, and tenure at the unit. Significantly negative group-level precursors of patient identification behavior were burnout climate and the number of RNs. Two interaction effects of the person-organization value congruence climate were identified. The first was a group-level moderating effect in which the negative relationship between the number of RNs and patient identification behavior was weaker when the nursing unit's value congruence climate was high. The second was a cross-level moderating effect in which the positive relationship between tenure at the unit and patient identification behavior was weaker when value congruence climate was high. CONCLUSION: This study simultaneously tested both individual-level and group-level factors that potentially influence patient identification behavior and identified the moderating role of person-organization value congruence climate. Implications of these results are discussed.
Adult ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration/*psychology ; Organizational Culture ; *Patient Identification Systems ; Questionnaires ; Workplace

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The sense of smell plays an important role in the quality of life. Loss of smell is common in the elderly and it results from respiratory diseases, certain disease states (Alzheimer disease, chronic renal failure (CRF), multiple sclerosis), medications, and surgical interventions. Many studies have shown a declining odor perception in the CRF patients. The objectives of the present study were to test odor identification ability in patients with CRF and the effect of hemodialysis on olfactory recognition, and to examine the possible correlations between smell identification test score and various clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We performed a case-control study comparing the Cross- Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT) scores of CRF patients with hemodialysis, and those without hemodialysis, and age-sex matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Healthy controls had significantly high CC-SIT scores compared to those of CRF patients without hemodialysis. No significant differences were observed in the CC-SIT scores between CRF patients with hemodialysis and healthy controls and in CRF patients before and after the hemodialysis session. No significant positive correlation was found between CC-SIT score and creatinine clearance in the dialysis group. CONCLUSION: Acute removal of uremic toxins by hemodialysis does not correct olfactory disturbances. Odor perception is severly impaired in patients with CRF and is related to the degree of renal impairment.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Identification (Psychology) ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Odors ; Quality of Life ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Smell

OBJECTIVETo determine the candidate sequences which can be used as DNA barcode to identify species in Caprifoliaceae family by screening out from four different DNA fragments sequences.

METHODPCR amplification, sequencing efficiency, differential intra- and interspecific divergences, the DNA barcoding gap and identification efficiency were used to evaluate these loci.

RESULTThe ITS2 was used as a candidate sequence of DNA barcode to identify the species in Caprifoliaceae family, whose rate of success in identification in genera level was 100% and in species 96.6%, and psbA-trnH as a complementary barcode to ITS2 for Caprifoliaceae.

Automatic Data Processing ; methods ; Base Sequence ; Caprifoliaceae ; genetics ; DNA ; analysis ; DNA, Plant ; analysis ; Identification (Psychology) ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVE: This article summarizes the matters warranting consideration in adult cochlear implants before and after operation with different deafness causes and investigates the impact of etiological variables that affect hearing and speech ability rehabilitation after cochlear implantation. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the preoperative data of 30 adults who have received cochlear implantation, switch on, and periodical post operative mapping. 'Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire' was used for every patient during follow-up and test their hearing thresholds at one year after switched-on. The average score of every patient in the six aspects of questionnaire, along with the average hearing threshold, has been gathered. RESULT: The average hearing threshold of every patient is lower than 35 dBHL. The average score of 28 patients is more than or equal to 75 in the basic sound perception, advanced sound perception as well as self-esteem. The average score of 26 patients is more than or equal to 75 in capacity for action. Besides, as for sociability and speech ability, the average score of 22 patients is more than or equal to 75. CONCLUSION Auditory perception can be greatly improved regardless of deafness causes, on the premise that appropriate candidate is selected. The primary disease should be brought under control before and after the operation. The influence of various causes to the language ability rehabilitation largely depends on the development of the language center at deafness onset. Self-esteem and social identity can be significantly enhanced after cochlear implantation in adult patients, particularly those with acquired deafness.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Auditory Perception ; Cochlear Implantation ; psychology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Self Concept ; Social Identification ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The study was done to explore meanings and essence of the experience in South Korea of men defectors from North Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from March, 2011 to May, 2012, through in-depth interviews with ten men defectors. Data analysis was conducted using the process of hermeneutic phenomenological reflection. RESULTS: Eight essential themes were extracted; 'buoyant expectation for a new life', 'feeling guilty about family left behind in North Korea', 'inability to become acclimatized due to communication difficulties', 'inability to socialize with South Koreans due to different lifestyles', 'finding strength through trustworthy acquaintances', 'continuing reconciliation with oneself while trying to assimilate into South Korean culture', 'self-realization of one's original self', and 'continuing to feel out the possibility of a future in South Korea'. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that North Korean men who defect to South Korea shape their identity through three phases: forming self-image during escape from North Korea, trying to become accustomed to South Korean society, and finding their own identity by self-realization of their original self. Eventually, the whole process enables them to recover their identity, to feel a sense of belonging, and to discover possibilities for a better future.
Acculturation ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Democratic People's Republic of Korea ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; *Life Change Events ; Life Style ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Refugees/*psychology ; Republic of Korea ; Social Alienation ; Social Identification

PURPOSE: The present study was done to discover the structure of universal actual experiences 'Considering tomorrow' of health and quality of life among North Korean refugees in terms of the socio-cultural context of South Korea. METHOD: The research question was 'what is the structure of the actual experience of 'Considering tomorrow?', which was examined based on the Parse's human becoming research method. Five North Korean adult refugees were recruited from a National Reconciliation Committee in Seoul/Incheon. The data was gathered from dialogues and collected from February, 2006 to November, 2006. RESULTS: The structures found in this study were: 'hope for future life by taking responsibility and having harmony with South Koreans, by forming an integrated identification; having a chance for positive engagement, by attaining human freedom and hope; feeling respected, by assimilating self to the new world; getting freedom back, by facing a new challenge and preparing self for a new social role; overcoming cultural differences with fortified hardiness for survival, by making a decision for a life course with individual growth. In addition, conceptual integration was that 'Considering tomorrow is transforming the enabling-limiting values'. CONCLUSION: Health professionals need to know North Korean refugees' psychological difficulties, expectations of treatment, help seeking behavior, and expectations from mainstream culture. Additionally, understanding North Korean refugees' needs for reality, health education and a multi-disciplinary team approach are necessary to improve their health.
*Acculturation ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Mental Health ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Refugees/*psychology ; Social Alienation ; Social Identification ; Tape Recording/methods