Aims: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that can occur in inpatient and outpatient setting. The current guideline is using urine culture as standard for UTI diagnosis. Recently, urine flow cytometry method with dedicated bacterial channel is intended as useful tools for UTI diagnostic. In our study, we determine the cut-off value of white blood cell (WBC) and bacterial count of fluorescence flow cytometry as an estimation of the successful of urine culture in symptomatic UTI population. Methodology and results: The study was held from January until April 2015 at secondary and tertiary hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. A number of 215 UTI patients were enrolled. Urine specimens were analyzed using automated flow cytometry urine analyzer (UX2000, Sysmex Corp., Japan) and results were compared with urine culture, as gold standard. The cut-off value of WBC and bacterial count were determined using ROC to generate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The combination of bacterial count ≥ 277.4 bacteria/uL, WBC count ≥ 300.7 cells/uL, in symptomatic UTI patients, achieved sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 87.5%, PPV of 96.6% and NPV of 53.8%. This combination can be use as estimation of positive culture as high as 96.6%. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: In microbiology aspect, quantitative bacterial count and WBC count of urine flow cytometry can be useful to estimate the success of culture-proven UTI, which can help in clinician decisionmaking and better patient management.
Urinary Tract Infections

Objectives: This study compared the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary care hospital in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. Differences in the clinical presentation of RSV infection before (2016 to 2019) and during (2020 to 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed and compared. Results: In total, 358 patients hospitalized with RSV infections were reported from January 2016 to December 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, only 74 cases of hospitalized RSV infection were reported. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, the clinical presentations of RSV infection showed statistically significant decreases in fever on admission (p=0.004), productive cough (p=0.004), sputum (p=0.003), nausea (p=0.03), cyanosis (p=0.004), pallor (p<0.001), diarrhea (p<0.001), and chest pain (p<0.001). Furthermore, vigilant measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including lockdowns, also interrupted the RSV season in Thailand from 2020 to 2021. Conclusions The incidence of RSV infection was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, which also changed the clinical presentation and seasonal pattern of RSV infection in children.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Publications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 20, 2021 to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index (I2) test was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEPro (https://www.gradepro.org/). Of the numerous articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Generally, there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates among patients who underwent IVF compared with those who underwent ATT (37.9% vs. 23.8%; p=0.02). Conversely, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who underwent IUI and those who conceived spontaneously (18.1% vs. 23.8%; p=0.65). In cases in which no abnormalities were found on hysterosalpingography or hysterolaparoscopy, pregnancy rates were comparable between spontaneous and IVF conceptions (48.4% vs. 49.2%). There were no significant differences in pregnancy or live birth rates between patients with GTB and those with other infertility factors undergoing IVF treatment (p>0.05). ATT, which is administered during the early stages of GTB is effective in achieving pregnancy outcomes comparable to IVF. However, in patients with advanced-stage disease, IVF is a superior treatment modality, resulting in increased pregnancy rates.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Publications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 20, 2021 to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index (I2) test was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEPro (https://www.gradepro.org/). Of the numerous articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Generally, there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates among patients who underwent IVF compared with those who underwent ATT (37.9% vs. 23.8%; p=0.02). Conversely, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who underwent IUI and those who conceived spontaneously (18.1% vs. 23.8%; p=0.65). In cases in which no abnormalities were found on hysterosalpingography or hysterolaparoscopy, pregnancy rates were comparable between spontaneous and IVF conceptions (48.4% vs. 49.2%). There were no significant differences in pregnancy or live birth rates between patients with GTB and those with other infertility factors undergoing IVF treatment (p>0.05). ATT, which is administered during the early stages of GTB is effective in achieving pregnancy outcomes comparable to IVF. However, in patients with advanced-stage disease, IVF is a superior treatment modality, resulting in increased pregnancy rates.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Publications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 20, 2021 to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index (I2) test was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEPro (https://www.gradepro.org/). Of the numerous articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Generally, there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates among patients who underwent IVF compared with those who underwent ATT (37.9% vs. 23.8%; p=0.02). Conversely, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who underwent IUI and those who conceived spontaneously (18.1% vs. 23.8%; p=0.65). In cases in which no abnormalities were found on hysterosalpingography or hysterolaparoscopy, pregnancy rates were comparable between spontaneous and IVF conceptions (48.4% vs. 49.2%). There were no significant differences in pregnancy or live birth rates between patients with GTB and those with other infertility factors undergoing IVF treatment (p>0.05). ATT, which is administered during the early stages of GTB is effective in achieving pregnancy outcomes comparable to IVF. However, in patients with advanced-stage disease, IVF is a superior treatment modality, resulting in increased pregnancy rates.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Publications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 20, 2021 to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index (I2) test was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEPro (https://www.gradepro.org/). Of the numerous articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Generally, there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates among patients who underwent IVF compared with those who underwent ATT (37.9% vs. 23.8%; p=0.02). Conversely, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who underwent IUI and those who conceived spontaneously (18.1% vs. 23.8%; p=0.65). In cases in which no abnormalities were found on hysterosalpingography or hysterolaparoscopy, pregnancy rates were comparable between spontaneous and IVF conceptions (48.4% vs. 49.2%). There were no significant differences in pregnancy or live birth rates between patients with GTB and those with other infertility factors undergoing IVF treatment (p>0.05). ATT, which is administered during the early stages of GTB is effective in achieving pregnancy outcomes comparable to IVF. However, in patients with advanced-stage disease, IVF is a superior treatment modality, resulting in increased pregnancy rates.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pregnancy outcomes of women diagnosed with genital tuberculosis (GTB) who spontaneously conceived or underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) after being treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT). Publications from the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched from December 20, 2021 to March 5, 2022. The outcomes are presented as pooled averages with 95% confidence intervals. The inconsistency index (I2) test was used to measure the heterogeneity between studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADEPro (https://www.gradepro.org/). Of the numerous articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Generally, there was a significant increase in pregnancy rates among patients who underwent IVF compared with those who underwent ATT (37.9% vs. 23.8%; p=0.02). Conversely, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between patients who underwent IUI and those who conceived spontaneously (18.1% vs. 23.8%; p=0.65). In cases in which no abnormalities were found on hysterosalpingography or hysterolaparoscopy, pregnancy rates were comparable between spontaneous and IVF conceptions (48.4% vs. 49.2%). There were no significant differences in pregnancy or live birth rates between patients with GTB and those with other infertility factors undergoing IVF treatment (p>0.05). ATT, which is administered during the early stages of GTB is effective in achieving pregnancy outcomes comparable to IVF. However, in patients with advanced-stage disease, IVF is a superior treatment modality, resulting in increased pregnancy rates.