Orthostatic Disregulation (OD, a kind of dysautonomia) is a syndrome which indicates disfunction of vessel contraction reflex during static standing. OD patients often show some symptoms of fainting, dizziness, headache and the like or syncope when they are holding orthostatic posture. OD is more recognized especially in preadolescence and adolescence periods (9-15 yrs.) . Brück & Oltmann (1957), Okuni (1958) etc, have reported details about OD.
The purpose of this study was to obtain and discuss details relating to recent appearance of OD, physique, growth characteristics, cardio-vascular functions and physical fitness on OD children by the questionnaire method and some experiments.
2, 227 children in elementary and junior high school in Yokohama and Kamakura cities as sub jectswere first screened by the questionnaire. And 165 subjects out of 2, 227 were at random selected for data on Schellong standing test, passive head-up tilt and distance running.
The value of 9-29%, which was the ratio of false OD (+) appearance by the questionnaire method in this study, was recognized higher than the value of 5-20% by previous studies'. Physique on false OD (+) children was somewhat lean in comparison with the normal. And they had more height increase than the normal.
In physical fitness, distance running, 50 m dash, broad jump, ball throw, chinning exercise and back pull-over tests, OD children were inferior than the normal.
A concrete datum in syncope for standing was got in this study. When an OD child exhibited syncope, systolic blood pressure became 78 mmHg (rest 120-130 mmHg) and heart rate became 76 beats per minute (standing before syncope 100-110 beats per minute) . T wave in II, _aV_F and P wave in II, III (depression, negative waves etc.) of ECG varied from resting ECG. Judging from these data about ECG and blood pressure on standing test, passive head-up tilt, it was indicated that a reflex system of vessel contraction on OD child didn't work well, and that the heart of OD child was much stressed by gravity in orthostatic posture and changing posture than the normal.
In addition, a fact was proven that false OD (+) children (39.1% boys and 48.2% girls) didn't like sports and physical activities comparing with the normal (16.4% boys and 23.5% girls), It was statistically significant. Therefore, it is estimated that there is a relationship between appearance of OD and physical activities in daily life.

Masked obesity is the presence of obesity based on percent body fat (%BF) when the body mass index (BMI) shows an absence of obesity. To examine the relationship between masked obesity and arteriosclerosis risk factors, we compared both serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in male and female high school freshmen with and without masked obesity. Subjects consisted of 403 male and 326 female high school students aged 15∼16 years. Of these, 34(8.4%) males and 36(11.0%) females had masked obesity, defined as 17≤BMI<23.60 and %BF≥25% in males, and 17≤BMI<24.17 and %BF≥30% in females, while the remaining 300 males and 246 females were not obese, having 17≤BMI<23.60 and %BF<25% and 17≤BMI<24.17 and %BF<30%, respectively. For both sexes, serum total-cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides and the arteriosclerotic index (AI) were significantly higher (p<0.05∼0.01) in those with masked obesity. And many of the subjects with masked obesity had abnormal levels of TC, LDLC and AI, compared with those who were not obese (p<0.05∼0.01). Additionally, we compared both serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia between subjects with masked obesity and control groups with the same BMI values. As a result, subjects with masked obesity had high serum lipid levels and a prevalence of hyperlipidemia. These results support the existence of masked obesity and suggest that masked obesity is associated with increased serum lipid levels, and thus could be a risk factor for arteriosclerosis in male and female high school freshmen.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short-term living and training at an altitude of 1, 300 to 1, 800 m on physiological responses of high school elite endurance athletes. Fifteen male and seven female senior high school elite athletes, aged from 15 to 18, from three different sports (cross-country skiing, long-distance running and endurance cycling), participated in our study. The short-term (6 days) altitude exposure did not elicit abnormal responses of body tempera-ture, body weight, blood pressure or urine samples. There were also no significant changes in blood parameters examined before and after altitude exposure. Resting heart rate (HR) increased at altitude and presented an initial peak value followed by a steady decline on the following days of altitude exposure. Blood lactate concentration and exercise peak llR examined by submaximal 20-m shuttle run test decreased after the ascent to altitude and still showed lower values at postaltitude than at prealtitude. We conclude that 6-day living and training at an altitude of 1, 300 to 1, 800 m elicits positive decrements of exercise blood lactate and exercise peak HR as well as adaptive changes of resting IlR for these high school elite endurance athletes, which are probably related to an attenuation of muscle glycogen utilization and alterations in the autonomic neural system taken at altitude.