No abstract available.
Hypoparathyroidism*

No abstract available.
Hypoparathyroidism

No abstract available.
Hypoparathyroidism*

Repeated blood transfusions in transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT) leads to iron overload-related endocrine complications. Hypoparathyroidism (HPT) with severe signs of hypocalcemia is a recognized complication among these patients. A 14-year-old thalassaemic boy, on regular transfusion and on anticonvulsant therapy with a presumptive diagnosis of epilepsy for the last 1 year, was admitted with high fever and severe muscle cramps with positive Trousseau’s sign. He was diagnosed as a case of primary HPT and magnesium deficiency on the basis of low serum calcium, high phosphate, normal alkaline phosphates, very low intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), normal serum vitamin D and very low serum magnesium level. His calcium, magnesium and phosphate level normalised following treatment with intravenous magnesium and calcium. His iPTH improved but remained at low normal. He was discharged from hospital with oral calcium, calcitriol, and magnesium supplementation. The anticonvulsant (Phenobarbitone) was successfully withdrawn gradually over the next six months without any recurrence of seizure in the subsequent 3 years of follow up. Acquired HPT (apparently from hemosiderosis) is a common cause of hypocalcemia; and magnesium depletion further complicated the situation leading to severe hypocalcemia with recurrent episodes of convulsion. Magnesium replacement improved the parathyroid hormone (PTH) value proving its role in acquired HPT. Very high phosphate level on admission and poor PTH response with respect to the low serum calcium, indicates intrinsic parathyroid pathology. Metabolic abnormalities should always be evaluated in thalassaemic subject with seizure disorder and it appears that the initial convulsive episodes were due to hypocalcemia. Muscle pain, cramps or convulsion may occur from HPT and simultaneous magnesium deficiency in transfusion dependent thalassaemic subjects. Metabolic correction is more important than anticonvulsant medication. Calcium and magnesium should both be assessed routinely in transfusion dependent thalassemic patients.
Hemosiderosis ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Thalassemia

Microscopic calcification within the basal ganglia was reported by Virchow and Bamberger in 1855. The description of symmetrical cerebral calcification, particularly of the basal ganglia and often of the dentate nuclei, associated with hypoparathyrodism as related by Eaton, Camp and Love(1939) was a significant development in the field of calcification. Calcification of the basal ganglia has been visualized by skull radiography and computed tomography(CT) scan, and in two-third of cases, it has been associated with metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. Computed tomography is more sensitive to detect the intracranial calcification than plain skull radiography. The purpose of our report was evaluate the significance of basal ganglia calcification as visualized by CT, discusses on pathogensis of calcification, clinical significance and management under the hypocalemia.
Basal Ganglia* ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Radiography ; Skull

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To preserve the parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy, understanding of its anatomy and physiology is essential. Parathyroid autotransplantation can be performed to restore the function of parathyroid gland. However, the efficacy of parathyroid autotransplantation is still debatable. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy and evaluate the efficacy of parathyroid autotransplantation. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We analyzed 449 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from January 2006 to June 2010. A total of 419 patients underwent total thyroidectomy, while 30 patients underwent unilateral lobectomy. Among the total thyroidectomy group, 96 patients underwent unilateral central neck dissection and 186 patients underwent bilateral central neck dissection. We analyzed the frequency of hypoparathyroidism according to the extent of thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, and parathyroid gland autotransplantation. RESULTS: Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 20% of lobectomy patients and 54.6% of the entire thyroidectomy group. Permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred only in 7.2% of the entire thyroidectomy group. Transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 47.4% and 6.5%, respectively, of the patients without central neck dissection, in 54.0% and 7.3%, respectively, of the patients with unilateral central neck dissection, and 60.2% and 7.5%, respectively, of the patients with bilateral central neck dissection. Parathyroid autotransplantation was performed in 29 patients of 105 patients whose one or more parathyroid glands were removed inadvertently, and permanent hypoparathyroidism did not occur among those patients. CONCLUSION: The frequency of transient hypoparathyroidism was increased according to the extent of thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. Parathyroid autotransplantation might be effective in minimizing permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Neck Dissection ; Parathyroid Glands ; Thyroidectomy

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Ligamentum Flavum* ; Spinal Cord Compression* ; Spinal Cord Diseases

OBJECTIVES: To prevent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy, preservation of the parathyroid glands and their vascularity are essential. The aim of this study was to determine the association between postoperative parathyroid function and the viability of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 111 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and in whom all 4 parathyroid glands were preserved in situ during the operation. The surgeons scored the viability of each parathyroid gland from 0 (normal) to 3 (severely compromised viability) based on its gross appearance and vascularity intraoperatively. The index of parathyroid viability score (IPVS) was defined as the sum of the viability scores of the 4 parathyroid glands. We evaluated the relationship between postoperative parathyroid function and IPVS. RESULTS: Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred in 25 patients (22.5%), and permanent hypoparathyroidism in 4 patients (3.6%). The IPVS were significantly different in the three groups: 2.87±1.46 in the normal group, 3.68±1.41 in the transient hypoparathyroidism group and 7.50±1.00 in the permanent hypoparathyroidism group. The rates of transient hypoparathyroidism were 13.6% in patients with IPVS 0–2, 23.8% in patients with IPVS 3–4, and 42.9% in patients with IPVS 5–6. All the patients with IPVS of 7 or more had permanent hypoparathyroidism. CONCLUSION: IPVS is correlated with the incidence of hypoparathyroidism. It could be a good quantitative indicator of the probability of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy.
Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoparathyroidism* ; Incidence ; Parathyroid Glands* ; Prospective Studies ; Surgeons ; Thyroidectomy*

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a disorder characterized by clinical and laboratorial findings of hypoparathyroidism with high plasma parathyroid hormone levels due to resistance by target tissues. Neurologic complications of PHP are not uncommon but recurrent attacks of seizure during the postpartal period have yet to be reported. We report a case of subclinical pseudohypoparathyroidism with recurrent seizures in the postpartal period.
Hypoparathyroidism ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Plasma ; Postpartum Period ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism* ; Seizures*

Calcium deposits in the basal ganglia and in the other areas of the brain may occur as idiopathic disease or secondary to metabolic disturbances including hypoparathyroidism. Fahr's syndrome is characterized by secondary cerebral calcification and variable clinical manifestations of movement disorder, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. We report a 48 year-old man with Fahr's syndrome due to idiopathic hypoparathyroidism who presented with recurrent epileptic seizures. Brain CT showed multiple calcifications of the Fahr type in the basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellar white matter and dentate nuclei, and centrum seiovale. Brain MRI diffusion-weighted image showed high signal intensity in the right anterior temporal region.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Calcium ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Movement Disorders