No abstract available.
Animals ; Hypokinesia* ; Immobilization* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats*

Changes in the individual symptomatology were analyzed on twenty-nine patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent thirty-five stereotaxic thalamotomies to evaluate the influence of each symptom on the surgical results. The thalamotomy could obviously improve and prevent progression of tremor and rigidity but not bradykinesia and axial symptoms. Long-term follow-up wtudy with statistical analysis suggested that progressive worsening after surgery was due not to recurrence of tremor and rigidity but aggravation of bradykinesia and axial symptoms in the natural course of the disease. We believe that timely surgical treatment should be encouraged in patients presenting symptoms of tremor and rigidity.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Parkinson Disease* ; Recurrence ; Tremor

Parkinsonism is a very rare complication of phenytoin. The authors experienced a 71-year-old man who presented progressive cognitive decline, postural tremor, bradykinesia and gait disturbance. Laboratory test and brain imaging revealed no abnormality that commonly causes parkinsonism. The only abnormal finding was elevation of serum phenytoin above the therapeutic level. The patient showed marked improvement of symptoms by reduction of phenytoin dosage. Here we report a case of phenytoin induced parkinsonism.
Aged ; Gait ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Neuroimaging ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Phenytoin ; Tremor

Stereotactic thalamotomy has traditionally provided good relief of tremor for patients with intractable tremor dominant in Parkinson's disease. However bradykinesia, dyskinesia and rigidity are less reliably treated with this technique. Although posteroventral pallidotomy(PVP) can alleviate dyskinesias appendicular bradykinesia and rigidity, tremor may not be completely ameliorated. Between January 1993 and May 1997, the authors performed posteroventral pallidotomy(PVP) on 69 patients with Parkinson's disease who had bradikinesia, rigidity, drug induced dyskinesia and tremor. Of these patients who had only PVPs 17(25%) patients had severe tremor, 20(29%) patients moderate tremor and 32(46 %) patients mild or no tremor after the surgery. We have combined ventrolateral thalamotomy(VLT ) and PVP in 37 patients with moderate to severe tremor. Of the 37 patients, who had both PVP and VLT, 27(73%) patients showed good improvement, and fair improve-ment in 10(27%). Except for 6 cases with transient dysarthria we did not encounter any other operative complications from the ipsilateral combined PVP and VLT. The combination of the two procedures appear to provide excellent relief for the majority of symptoms in patients suffering from advanced Parkinsons disease with rigidity bradykinesia, dyskinesia and tremor.
Dysarthria ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Pallidotomy* ; Parkinson Disease* ; Tremor

Whilst rare, the acute development of involuntary movements with characteristic lesions of the bilateral basal ganglia in a diabetic uremic patient is a well-demarcated clinical syndrome. Most patients with this syndrome present with either parkinsonism or chorea; however, concurrent chorea with bradykinesia or parkinsonism is rarely reported. We report herein two diabetic uremic patients who developed acute chorea and bradykinesia with characteristic MR images.
Basal Ganglia ; Chorea ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Parkinsonian Disorders

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of depression and the relationships between various clinical features and depression in the patients with idiopathic parkinsonism. We included 113 patients of idiopathic parkinsonism who had any three of resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, impaired postural reflexes or any one of the first three displaying asymmetry without definite brain lesion on brain imaging studies or metabolic derangement. We used Beck depression inventory, and the results were compared with those of 70 normal controls. The following results were obtained: 1.The patients with idiopathic parkinsonism had more severe depression than normal controls. If we@ consider the cut-point scores for depression as more than 21points of Beck depression inventory scores, the frequency of depression in idiopathic parkinsonism was 44. 1%. 2.The scores of the BDI questionare representing somatic symptoms were increased in the patient group, whether they had mild or severe parkinsonian deficits. The patients who had more severe parkinsonian deficits had higher scores. However, those representing mood and self-reproach symptoms were increased only in the late stage of idiopathic parkinsonism. 3.The severe motor symptoms, particularly bradykinesia and rigidity, poor responsiveness to L-dopa treatment, longer the duration of disease, were the factors correlated with severe depression. However the current age, age of onset, whether treated or untreated, and whether sy7rnptonis affected predominantly right or left side of the body, were not correlated with the severity of depression. On the basis of the results, when we regard no tremorous symption and the poor responsiveness to L-dopa treatment as the clinical features of idiopahtic parkinsonism, we suspect the tendency that the patients with idiopathic parkinsonism may have more severe depression than those with idiopathic P-qrkinson's disease.
Age of Onset ; Brain ; Depression* ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Levodopa ; Neuroimaging ; Parkinsonian Disorders* ; Reflex ; Tremor

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Data on the usefulness of a combination of different electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are limited. We thus investigated 12-lead ECG patterns in acute PE to evaluate the role of the ECG score in risk stratification of patients with acute PE. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-five consecutive patients (63+/-14 years, 56 men) with acute PE who were admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital between November 2001 and January 2008 were included. We analyzed ECG patterns and calculated the ECG score in all patients. We evaluated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) (n=75) and RV hypokinesia (n=80) using echocardiography for risk stratification of acute PE patients. RESULTS: Among several ECG findings, sinus tachycardia and inverted T waves in V(1-4) (39%) were observed most frequently. The mean ECG score and RVSP were 7.36+/-6.32 and 49+/-21 mmHg, respectively. The ECG score correlated with RVSP (r=0.277, p=0.016). The patients were divided into two groups {high ECG-score group (n=38): ECG score >12 and low ECG-score group (n=87): ECG score < or =12} based on the ECG score, with the maximum area under the curve. RV hypokinesia was observed more frequently in the high ECG-score group than in the low ECG-score group (p=0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high ECG score was an independent predictor of high RVSP and RV hypokinesia. CONCLUSION: Sinus tachycardia and inverted T waves in V(1-4) were commonly observed in acute PE. Moreover, the ECG score is a useful tool in risk stratification of patients with acute PE.
Blood Pressure ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Tachycardia, Sinus

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular MR has recently been reported that it can determine the viable myocardium. We investigated this study to determine the usefulness of cardiovascular MR in prediction of wall motion recovery after revascularization in acute myocardial infarction METHODS: Both cardiovascular MR with contrast enhancement and coronary angiogram were performed in 19 patients with acute myocardial infarction who treated with precutaneous intervention or thrombolytic therapy. Six months follow-up angiogram and MR study were also preformed. Thirty two matched segments model of the left ventricle were used to analysis the wall motion change and the grade of transmural extent of hyperenhancement (TEI). RESULTS: Among 628 segments, 177 segments showed wall motion abnormality. In group of segments showing hypokinesia (68 segments), the proportion of segments showing wall motion improvement was not different from that of the akinetic segments group (109 segments) (50% vs 41.3%, p=0.26). The proportion of segments showing wall motion improvement were 60.5% in group of TEI grade 0, 58.9% in TEI grade I, 51.2% in TEI grade III, 29.4% in TEI grade IV, 8% in TEI grade V. If the groups were divided into two according to cut-off value of TEI 50%, In the group of TEI less than 50%, 67 out of 118 segments (56.8%) showed wall motion improvement in contrast with 12 out of 59 segments (20.3%) in the group of TEI above 50% (p<0.001). The status of baseline wall motion abnormality (hypokinesia or akinesia) did not effect on wall motion improvement after revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: The baseline wall motion abnormality (hypokinesia or akinesia) did not predict the wall motion improvement. But, TEI grade was significant factor to predict the wall motion improvement.
Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Thrombolytic Therapy

The authors report the surgical results of thalamotomy and pallidotomy, performed at our hospital between 1983 and 1993 for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The series included a retrospective analysis of 156 patients with this condition by stereotactic ventrolateral(VL) thalamotomy(126 patients, 138 thalamotomies) and posterolateral pallidotomy(30 patients, 30 pallidotomies). Each patient was followed up postoperatively, for one year. Among those who underwent the stereotactic VL thalamotomy, 136/138 procedures(99%) led to improvement of tremor, and 83/138(60%) resulted in reduced rigidity. Stereotactic posterolateral pallidotomy, led to improvement of bradykinesia after 27/30 procedures(90%), of rigidity after 22/30(73%) and of tremor after 13/30(43%). Drug-induced dyskinesia showed a 42% improvement in the thalamotomy series and a 93% improvement in the pallidotomy series; the difference between the two series was significant(p<0.001). The patients themselves and their relatives used the Hoehn & Yahr staging scale to assess postoperative improvement in disability, and according to the results, 91/126 patients(72%) in the thalamotomy series and 26/30(87%) in the pallidotomy series showed improvement. In the thalamotomy series, there was a significantly higher improvement in disability for preoperative groups I and II(Hoehn & Yahr staging scale) than for groups III and IV(p<0.029), while in the pallidotomy series, there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative improvement between these same groups(p>0.557). In addition, for groups with greater preoperative disability(Hoehn & Yahr staging, groups III and IV), improvement was more likely after pallidotomy than after thalamotomy. In the pallidotomy series, dysphasia was the only serious complication and this was seen after 20% of procedures. In the thalamotomy series, however, complications included hypotonia(24%), transient confusion(19%), transient dysphasia(11%), permanent dysarthria(7%), subjective numbness(4%) and epileptic seizure(3%). The authors believe that posterolateral pallidotomy is much more effective than VL thalamotomy for the control of Parkinsonian bradykinesia and rigidity, but that thalamotomy is still a useful surgical option for the control of Parkinsonian tremor.
Aphasia ; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Pallidotomy* ; Parkinson Disease* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tremor

We studied to investigate the predictive values of gated SPECT for the improvement of wall motion after bypass surgery. As we compared postoperative SPECT with preoperative ones, we defined viability as wall motion improvement. We performed rest 71-201/stress Tc-99m-MIBI gated SPECT in 25 patients before and 3 months after bypass surgery. Myocardial wall motion was graded as normal, hypokinesia, akinesia, and dyskinesia by pair-wise visual analysis of gated pre and postoperative SPECT's on the same monitor screen. Myocardial wall thickening was determined good or poor Among 92 segments with wall motion abnormalities before operation, 69 (75%) improved and 23 did not. Before operation, we could find segments with good systolic thickening in 64 segments among total 92. Thickening of the remaining 28 was poor. Wall motion improved postoperatively in 45 segments (70%) among 64 with good thickening. Twenty four(86%) among 28 segments with poor thickening had also improved. We grouped segments into mild(hypokinetic) and severe(akinetic/dyskinetic) ones. Among 33 segments with severe motion abnormalities, 14 had good thickening and 19 did not. Nine(60%) improved out of 14 segments having severe abnormality with good thickening. However, 16(84%) segments out of 19 having severe abnormality with poor thickening also improved. Neither degree of perfusion decrease nor severity of wall motion abnormalities could explain the high rate of false negatives. In conclusion, as we defined viability as wall motion improvement by comparing pre and postoperative SPECT, systolic thickening observed by gated Tc-99m-MIBI SPECT in myocardial segments with wall motion abnormalities predicted wall motion improvement after bypass surgery. However, poor thickening could not be referred as evidence of nonviable myocardium both in mild and severe contractile dysfunction, so that we might need stimulation study such as dobutamine echocardiography or dobutamine gated SPECT.
Dobutamine ; Dyskinesias ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Myocardium ; Perfusion ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*