Hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycemic activity of oil palm Elaeis guineensis fruit extract on normal and Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. The oil palm fruit extract (OPF) were administered orally at different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 mg kg-1 b.w.) in fasting and post-prandial rats. Hypoglycaemia was not observed in the group of normal rats treated with OPF. In fasting rats, OPF (500 mg kg-1 b.w.) has caused the blood glucose level (BGL) to reduce significantly. For post-prandial diabetic rats, the antihyperglycemic activity was observed after OPF treatment at concentrations 200 and 500 mg kg-1. Chronic OPF treatments (for 28 days) had increased the diabetic rat’s body weight and reduced BGL as well as improved plasma insulin secretion. The result of this study suggests E. guineensis palm fruit extract show evidence of antihyperglycemic properties from the reduction of the BGL in diabetic rats.
Hypoglycemic Agents

On rat, among 4 these herbal medicine plants, only Rehmania flutinosa does not decrease significantly the blood sugar level with the oral doses of 1000-1500 mg/kg body weight and with intraperitoneal doses of 200-300mg/kg. Oral use of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and Angiopteris evecta decreases blood sugar at the doses of 100-1.500mg/kg. Intraperitoneal use of the doses of 200-300mg/kg Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Angiopteris evecta and gynoitema pentaphyllum lower glycemia by above 25% in comparison with the pretreated level.
Hypoglycemic Agents ; Medicine, Herbal

Purpose: find out synthesis of carbutamine. Experiment: from acetanilid through 5 steps: (1) Preparing acetamidobenzen sulfoclorua; (2) Preparing p-acetamindobenzensulfonamid; (3) Preparing p-acetamidobenzen sulfonylure; (4) Preparing N1-nbutyl, N2-su;lanilylure. (5) Product completely resemble carbutamid, which extracted refinement from bucarban tablet of Hungary, as infra-red spectrum and sensitivity.
Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Hypoglycemic Agents

The streptozotocin - induced diabetic mice (STZ 300mg/kg/ip), either the methanol extract of rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb. - Smilacaceae (SG) or the tolbutamid did not effect the blood sugar, one of the model of insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with hypoinsulinemia. However, while tolbutamid coundn't decrease epinephrine - induced hyperglycemia in mice. SG suppressed partially this one. The result, suggested that SG reduced the blood sugar by an extra - pancreas mechanism
Plants, Medicinal ; Hypoglycemic Agents

The methanol extract of rhizomes of smilax glabra Roxb. Smilacaceae reduced the blood glucose of normal mice. The maximal hypoglycemic effect was about 38% at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight per intraperitoneal route, and about 56% with 200 mg/kg/ip. The oral administration of 200 mg/kg body weight did not decrease yet the blood glucose. The LD50 per intraperitoneal route in mice was 2500 mg/kg body weight
Hypoglycemic Agents ; Mice

The methanol extract from rhizomes of Smilax glabra Roxb - Smilacaceae reduced the blood glucose of normal mice. The maximal hypoglycemic effect was about 36% with the dose of 100mg/kg-body weight per intraperitoneal route, and about 56% with 200 mg/kg/ip. The oral administration of 200 mg/kg body weight doesn't decrease yet the blood glucose. The LD50 per oral route in mice is 2500 mg/kg body weight
Hypoglycemic Agents ; Mice

The hypoglycemic effect of rhizomes of SG was investigated in the previous publication in normal mice. This study attempts to explain its mechanism of action. The streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ 300 mg/kg/ip) one of the model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with hypoinsulinemia, either the methanol extract of rhizomes of SG Roxb - Smilacaceae or the tolbutamid did not affect the blood sugar. However, while tolbutamid couldn't decrease epinephrine - induced hyperglycemia in mice, SG partially suppressed this one. From these results, it is suggested that SG reduce the blood sugar by an extra - pancreas mechanism
Hypoglycemic Agents ; Mice

The hypoglycemic effect of TD-1 - a mixture of EtOH extract from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (Scrophulariaceae) and Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Liliaceae) - was investigated in normal Swiss mice. TD-1 (80mg/kg - 160 mg/kg) showed no clear hypoglycemic effect after single oral administration (8 hours, p>0.05). TD-1 (80 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of the mice from 142.0 (6.8 mg/dl to 61.2 (3.7 mg/dl 7 hours after single peritoneum injection (p<0.01). The results confirm the roles of mentioned above plants as traditional medicinal plants in diabetic treatment.
Hypoglycemic Agents ; Plants, Medicinal

The revised Clinical Practice Guideline (5th edition) for patients with diabetes was released in November 2015 by the Korean Diabetes Association. Strict glycemic control is emphasized for the prevention and progression of diabetes-related vascular complications. The recommended target goal of HbA1c is less than 6.5%, especially for patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. To achieve this target goal, various classes of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin should be initiated promptly, according to the patient's clinical situation. Accurate and up-to-date information about the available oral hypoglycemic agents will help increase glycemic control and diabetes management.
Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents* ; Insulin

Objective: Manihot esculenta (Crantz) leaves have been used for the management of diabetes based on cited ethnopharmacological studies. However, scientific evidence to support its efficacy is lacking. The aim of the study was to assess the cytotoxicity of the aqueous leaf extract and fractions of Manihot esculenta and its potential hypoglycemic effect on male Swiss albino mice. Methods: The cytotoxicity assay was necessary to screen which extract and fractions will be used for the in vivo hypoglycemic study. : Phytochemical screening identified the composition of the aqueous crude extract and its fractions. The phytochemical results showed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, carbohydrates, phenolic glycosides, saponins, and flavonoids. : Cytotoxicity was screened using CytoTox 96® (Promega), a NonRadioactive Cytotoxicity Assay on liver cancer (HepG2) and normal kidney (HK-2) cell lines. Five samples were tagged as highly cytotoxic and were flagged for further assays. These samples were DCM fraction (100 ppm), n-Hexane fraction (1 and 10 ppm), Ethyl acetate fraction (1 ppm), and Aqueous fraction (100 ppm). Results: The hypoglycemic activity was examined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice using in vivo hypoglycemic study. The aqueous crude extract at dose levels of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight showed significant reduction in blood glucose levels compared to the diabetic control but not exceeding the results in the metformin treatment group. A p-value of 0.05 set a priori was used to consider whether the intervention had a statistically significant difference compared to the diabetic control. Conclusion The effectiveness of aqueous crude extract in reduction of blood glucose in mice may be attributed to the synergistic effects of phytochemicals present, especially the alkaloids which were retained in the extract but were undetectable in the fractionated samples. The results of this study also support the findings of existing ethnopharmacological studies on M. esculenta leaf extract as a hypoglycemic agent.
alkaloids ; hypoglycemic agents ; ethnopharmacology