This study comprised 9 eyes with severe myopia of 7 patients (4 male, 3 female) between 36 and 50 years, having phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation with suitable capacity. Follow up duration was 12 months. Results: the preoperative uncorrected visual acuity was < 1/10 in all patients. Postoperatively, 55.5% cases with uncorrected visual acuity and 66.7% cases achieved the best corrected visual acuity of 5/10 or better. The mean preoperative hyperopic spherical equivalent was +6,89 ± 1,67D reduced to +0,75±0,62D. Postoperative complications were low: 1 eye had posterior capsule opaque (11,1%), 1 eye had inflammatory membrane. No intraoperative complications
Hyperopia ; Therapeutics

Objective: We determined the frequency of refractive errors among Filipino patients undergoing refractive or cataract screening at an ambulatory eye-care center, correlated them with demographic and ophthalmic variables, and compared refractive and keratometric astigmatism. Methods Clinical records of 666 consecutive patients who had optical interferometry were reviewed and the demographic and clinical parameters obtained were subjected to statistical analyses.
Refractive Errors ; Astigmatism ; Myopia ; Hyperopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical effects of laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK), LTK was performed in patients with presbyopia or hyperopia. METHODS: LTK was performed in 38 patients who was older than 45 between May and December 2001. Preoperative contact lens fitting and wearing for patients to experience the monovision was tried in all patients for one week. With LTK, we intended patients used dominant eyes for distance vision and nondominant eyes for near vision. Patients' satisfaction, refractive change and near visual acuity were evaluated for least 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: The mean improvement of near vision was 5.16 lines by test with Korean near vision chart. 79% (30 of 38) of patients were satisfied with the results of LTK. CONCLUSIONS: Monovision with LTK is thought to be a good option in patients with presbyopia.
Corneal Transplantation* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Presbyopia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To investigate bilateral medial rectus recession by considering functional equator as a surgical guideline in esotropia over 40 prism diopters (PD). METHODS: Forty-one patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession, and were followed-up for more than 12 months, were reviewed. The success rate was compared between group 1 and group 2, which were divided to recession site from the functional equator posterior, and also between the hyperopia group and myopia group according to refraction. RESULTS: According to preoperative deviation angle, 21 patients underwent recession to less than 10 mm posterior to the functional equator (group 1) and 20 patients had recession to 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm posterior to the functional equator (group 2). No significant difference in success rate between group 1 (71.4%) and group 2 (75.0%) was detected at the last follow-up. When divided into a hyperopia group (26 patients) and myopia group (15 patients), the success rate in the myopia group was higher than in the hyperopia group, as observed at the last follow-up, but the difference was not significant. There was 1 case of overcorrection in each group. CONCLUSIONS: A successful outcome was achieved in 30 patients (73.2%), and overcorrection in 2 patients (4.9%) when recessed to 2.0 mm posterior to functional posterior in esotropia over 40PD.
Esotropia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of occlusion therapy on anisometropic amblyopia and investigate the factors that influence on the final vision. METHODS: Fifty two patients with anisometropic amblyopia, whose age ranged from 3 to 12 years, were treated with full and partial occlusion therapy. RESULTS: The degree of anisometropia was 3.23+/-1.99 D in hyperopia group and 2.00+/-0.98 D in myopia group. The best corrected visual acuity and final vision were 0.29+/-0.14 and 0.52+/-0.22 in hyperopia group, while 0.34+/-0.16 and 0.63+/-0.16 in myopia group. But statistically significant difference was not found between two groups. The best corrected visual acuity was significantly correlated with the degree of anisometropia. The final vision was also significantly correlated with the degree of anisometropia. As expected, the final visual acuity was strongly correlated with the best corrected visual acuity. But no statistically differences were found based on the age of initial treatment and sexual difference. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of amblyopia and the effect of occlusion therapy were more correlated with the degree of anisometropia than the age of initial treatment and the type of anisometropia.
Amblyopia* ; Anisometropia ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: The difference in the values between autorefraction and clinical refraction with or without cycloplegia in children were analyzed as a function of age. METHODS: One hundred and twenty five children (230 eyes) with myopia or hyperopia were classified into three age groups. Their ages ranged from 2 to 14. They were examined with a Cannon RK-5 autorefractor, and experienced personnel the clinical refraction before and after cycloplegia. Discrepancies beyond 0.5 diopter in spherical equivalent, spherical and cylinder power were regarded as being significant and the discrepancy rates (%) were calculated. The mean absolute differences in the values of each refractive component in myopia and hyperopia were also compared separately according to. RESULTS: All the differences by cycloplegia were significantly smaller in the myopia patients over 5 years old. However, only the discrepancy rates of the spherical equivalent and the sphere component between the clinical manifest refraction and the cycloplegic refraction were significantly smaller in the higher age groups. The comparisons between the clinical and autorefraction revealed significant difference between the age groups only in those with myopia with cycloplegia. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences between the cycloplegic refraction and non-cycloplegic refraction values particularly in myopia patients under five years old and in all hyperopic patients. Autorefraction showed differences from the clinical refraction in both myopia and hyperopia regardless of their ages particularly in those without cycloplegia. Therefore, autorefraction and clinical refraction should be used with caution in children.
Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia

The object of this study was to observe the refractive errors obtained by near retinoscopy, retinoscopy under cycloplegia and subjective refraction on 244 Korean eyes with refractive error below the age of 90. The results were as follows; A. Comparision between the refractive errors obtained by retinoscopy under cycloplegia and subjective retraction. 1. The difference of spherical powers was 0.59D. 2. The difference Of spherical powers was 0.49D in myopia and 0.76D in hyperopia. 3. The difference of spherical powers was 0.59D in Group I (under age 10), 0.64D in Group II (age 11~20) and 0.45D in Group III (age 21~30). 4. There was not statistically significant difference of spherical powers among the age groups but between myopia and hyperopia. 5. The difference of cylindrical powers was 0.07D. 6. The difference of cylindrical powers was 0.03D. in Group I, 0.12D in Group II and 0.07D in Group III. 7. There was no statistically significant difference of cylindrical powers among the age groups. B. Comparison between the refractive errors obtained by near retinoscopy and subjective refraction 1. The difference of spherical powers was 0.97D. 2. The difference of spherical powers was 0.92D in myopia and 1.05D in hyperopia. 3. The difference of spherical power was 1.03D in Group I, 0.94D in Group II and 0.92D in Group III. 4. There was neither statistically significant difference of spherical powers among tbe age groups nor between myopia and hyperopia. 5. The difference of cylindrical powers was 0.1D. 6. The difference of cylindrical powers was 0.18D in Group I, 0.11D in Group II and 0.04D in Group III. 7. There was no statistically significant defference of cylindrical powers among the groups. C. In this study, regression formula was Y=0.877+0,724X (X : adjusted spherical power obtained by near retinoscopy Y: spherical power obtained by retinoscopy under cycloplegia).
Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy*

From October, 1984 to December, 1988, 1177 cases of posterior chamber lens were implanted. Clinical study was done on 1030 cases which could be followed up for more than 2 months. The results were as follows: 1. The best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was in 981 cases(95.2%) and 1.0 or better was in 676 cases(65.6%). 2. the best corrected visual acuity was achieved with the correction of average -1.07 +/- 1.28D by spherical equivalent. 3. The postoperative astigmatism was average 1.57 +/- 1.70D. 4. The difference between the calculated prediction of postoperative refraction and the actual postoperative refraction was less than 1.00D in 64.1% and calculated prediction tended to be biased toward hypermetropia with mean error of 0.37 +/- 1.21D.
Astigmatism ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Hyperopia ; Visual Acuity

We reviewed records of 50 bilateral hyperopic amblyoic patients who visited ophthalmologic clinic at Yeungnam University Hospital between December 1984 and October 1993, and investigated the effect of age at initial correction, magnitude of hyperopia and duration of correction on corrected visual acuity with the lapse of time. Criteria for selection included the followings; hyperopia of 3.50 diopters or more, astigmatism of 2.50 diopters or less, and anisoametropia of 1.25 diopters or less. Full cycloplegic corrections were prescribed at the initial visit to all subjects. The distribution of initial corrected visual acuity was 0.1 to 0.5. Age at initial correction varied from 2 years to 8 years(mean 3.98 years). The magnitude of hyperopia appeared to have the greatest influence on the visual outcome at initial correction. Duration of correction also influenced on the visual outcome, showing continuous visual improvement during 4 years after initial correction. The age at initial correction did not appear to influence on the initial and final corrected visual acuity. A comparision between initial and final corrected visual acuity showed a sigificant difference, irrespective of age at the intial correction or magnitude of hyperopia.
Amblyopia* ; Astigmatism ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Visual Acuity

Distributions of angle kappa and of cycloplegic refraction and their association were studied. The subjects were 282 nonstrabismic Korean children, aged from 6 years to 11 years. who visited Ewha Women University Hospital from December 1990 to March 1991. The angle kappa was measured by major amblyoscope, and refraction was done under the cycloplegic state. The results were as follows: The frequency of angle kappa was positive. negative and 0 degree in decreasing order. The average values of refractive error and angle kappa were -1.03 +/- 2.20 degrees dipter and +1 34 +/- 1.33 degrees. The average values of angle kappa for hypermetropia, emmettopia and myopia were +2.52 +/- 0.81 degrees, +1.71 +/- 1.03 degrees and +0.90 +/- 1.37 degrees. And these values were significantly different from each other.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors*