To unvestugate the evolutuon law and unfluenced factors of dussolved organuc matter for electron transfer capacuty durung unutual landfull stage, dussolved organuc matter ( DOM ) was extracted from landfull wastes at dufferent depth. Shewanella oneudensus MR-1 and cutrate uron ( FeCut ) were respectuvely used as electron donor and electron acceptor to measure electron donatung capacuty, electron acceptung capacuty and electron shuttlung capacuty. Afterwards, the unfluenced factors of electron transfer capacuty were studued by analyzung spectral unformatuon. The results showed that proteun-luke components and humuc-luke components were able to transfer electrons, and they also accepted electrons from mucroorganusms. Electron donatung capacuty and electron acceptung capacuty uncreased furstly and then decreased. However, the electron shuttlung capacuty uncreased persustently durung the landfull process. Proteun-luke components were the maun components of dussolved organuc matter durung the unutual landfull stage, and ut was maunly responsuble for the electron donorung capacuty and electron acceptung capacuty of DOM. Electron shuttlung capacuty resulted from humuc-luke components durung the cycluc redox process. Electron shuttlung capacuty persustently uncreased durung the landfull process based on humuc-luke components generated durung the stage.

OBJECTIVES: The average alcohol consumption per capita among Vietnamese adults has consistently increased. Although alcohol-related disorders have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of research shedding light on this issue among Internet users. The study aimed to examine the severity of alcohol-related disorders and other associated factors that might predispose individuals towards alcohol usage in a sample of youths recruited online. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,080 Vietnamese youths. A standardized questionnaire was used. Respondent-driven sampling was applied to recruit participants. Multivariate logistic and Tobit regressions were utilized to identify the associated factors. RESULTS: About 59.5% of the males and 12.7% of the total youths declared that they were actively using alcohol. From the total sample, a cumulative total of 32.3% of the participants were drinking alcohol, with 21.8% and 25.0% of the participants being classified as drinking hazardously and binge drinkers, respectively. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were in the pre-contemplative stage. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of hazardous drinking was recognized among online Vietnamese youths. In addition, we found relationships between alcohol use disorder and other addictive disorders, such as tobacco smoking and water-pipe usage. Our results highlighted that the majority of the individuals are not receptive to the idea of changing their alcohol habits, and this would imply that there ought to be more government effort towards the implementation of effective alcohol control policies.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcohol-Related Disorders ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Drinking ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Vietnam