Objective: This study aimed to determine the energy density and satiety of meals based on the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults. Methods: Thirteen healthy adult volunteers consumed breakfast test meals consisting of 1 cup go food, ½ cup grow food and 1 ½ cups glow food, following the recommended proportions in the plate model. Energy density (kcal/g) of the test meals was calculated. Feelings of hunger and fullness were assessed with 100-mm visual analogue scales (VAS) at pre-prandial (0 minute) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin levels at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results: The test meals had an average energy density of 0.83 kcal/g. Hunger and fullness scores gradually changed with time but hunger remained significantly lower and fullness significantly higher than the pre-prandial levels at 180 minutes postprandial. Ghrelin declined after intake of the test meals and stayed significantly lower than the pre-prandial level at 240 minutes postprandial (30.21 ± 4.58 pmol/L). Conclusion Meals following the recommendations in the healthy food plate model for Filipino adults have low energy density and its consumption sustained short-term satiety.
Ghrelin ; Hunger

Esophageal duplication is the congenital developmental anomaly manifestated as cystic or tubular type. The tubular esophageal duplication found at adult is extremely rare. A patient with tubular esophageal duplication is reported. A 37 years old male developed epigastric pain aggravated at hunger state from 2 monthes before administration. Gastrofiberscopy was done, and we could found the tubular esophageal duplication at 25 cm from incisiors. Esophagogram exposed the tunnel communicated with right anterior side of normal esophagus at upper and lower part of the tubular pathway with the length of 6 cm at T4-5 level. The microscopic finding of the tubular lumen revealed normal esophageal wall structure involving the outer part of muscle layer. Surgical resection was not done for the lesion was small and no symptom due to esophageal duplication was present. And so, the authors report this case as a tubular esophageal duplication with a literature review.
Adult ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Hunger ; Male

The objectives of this study were to (a) examine the users' characteristics of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the supporting quality of the food bank program, and (c) analyse the effectiveness of the programs from the users' perspectives. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling method and from each food bank, 3 users were selected for the survey. A total of 205 users were participated in this survey. The main results of this study were as follows; Average profile of food bank users were 58 year old, female, livelihood protectee (56.6%). Food assistance frequency were mostly once a week (34.1%), and everyday (22.4%). The survey also showed that non-governmental food banks delivered the food directly to the 42.7% of users, otherwise the users of government-dominant ones went to the food bank to receive the foods. Most of the donated foods were cooked food (50.0%), and the users also wanted to receive that kinds of food. Saving food expenses (55.6%) and overcoming hunger (16.6%) were found as the effectiveness to the users.
Female ; Food Assistance ; Humans ; Hunger ; Middle Aged

In an attempt to evaluate the efficacy ef cimetidine in treatment of erosive gastritis, a praspective study wras done in 9 cases of heworrhagie gastritia, 4 cases yunctiform gastritis, 9 caees verrueous gastritia, and 9 caseis mixed type, Four hundred mg of cimetidine was given in the morning and at bedtime for 3 weeks. Evaluation ef the efficacy was assessed by clinical syinptoms acoring and by endoscopic findings of erosion before treatment, on the 8th day, on the 15th day, and on the 22th day of treatment in all patients. The results were as follows; 1) Clinical sytnptoms in patients with erosive gastritis were epigastric discamfortness(83. 9%), heart burn(80. 0%), indigestion(77, 6%), hunger pain(74.2%), belching(71.0%), anotexla (48.4%) and nausea(45.5%). There was no differenees of symptoms among the type of erosion. 2) Percent decrease in clinical eyxeptoms were; 45% on the 8th day, 68% on the 15th day, 81% on the 22th day of treatment. Ciinical symptoms in patients with punetiform gastritis lasted longer than other typea. 3) Disappearance of the gastric mucossl erosion was seen in 8 cases of hemorrhagic gastritis, 6 case of mixed type, 5 cases of verruceous gastritis, 2 cases of punctiform gastritis, and overall 21 Cases(67.7%) on the 22th day of treatment, endoscopieally. Faur eases af punctiform gastritis were transformed into verrueous gastritis during the treatment. 4) Disappearance of the erosion was observed more frequently in the mueosa of oxyntic area than that of antrum. This study suggests that cimetidine appears to be effective for relief of elinical symptoms in patients with erosive gastritis, and for treatment of hemorrhagic gastritis and erosions in the mucosa of oxyntic area,
Cimetidine* ; Gastritis* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hunger ; Mucous Membrane

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and the eating behaviors in obese high school girls. The sample consisted of 262 obese high school girls in Seoul and Kangwon-Do. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC- Internal; 4.06, HLOC-External; 2.47, and HLOC-Chance; 2.15. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.91, Hunger ; 2.73, Dietary Restraint ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC- Chance and hunger was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and other eating behavior factors (dietary restraint & disinhibition) were not correlated in the level of statistical significances. The HLOC-External and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the existence of an obese sibling. There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC- External depending on the evaluation of one's body figure. 5. There were significant differences in disinhibition and hunger depending on the existence of obese sibling. Also, there were significant difference in dietary restraint according to self perception of who is obese or not (t=3.342, p=.001). This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.
Eating* ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Hunger ; Internal-External Control* ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Siblings

Breakfast is an important meal for adolescents to supply adequate nutrition for growth and maintenance and to prevent chronic disease. Nevertheless, the rate of skipping breakfast, which decreased 6 years ago, has gradually increased again in recent years in Korea. Manystudies show that skipping breakfast increases the risk for obesity, amenorrhea, and poor academic performance. The recommended breakfast for adolescents is a low glycemic load (GL) diet, fiber-rich family breakfast. The hunger and lazy feeling after breakfast are enhanced by a high GL and low fiber diet, which leads to additional intake of calories. A family breakfast can help to maintain a healthy life-style and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, or cardiovascular disease.
Adolescent ; Amenorrhea ; Breakfast ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Chronic Disease ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hunger ; Korea ; Meals ; Obesity

No abstract available.
*Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Hunger/*physiology ; Motilin/*blood ; Obesity/*blood/physiopathology/*surgery

Significant advancements have been made in the past century regarding the neuronal control of feeding behavior and energy expenditure. The effects and mechanisms of action of various peripheral metabolic signals on the brain have become clearer. Molecular and genetic tools for visualizing and manipulating individual components of brain homeostatic systems in combination with neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and pharmacological techniques have begun to elucidate the molecular and neuronal mechanisms of complex feeding behavior and energy expenditure. This review article highlights some of these advancements that have led to the current understanding of the brain's involvement in the acute and chronic regulation of energy homeostasis.
Brain ; Energy Metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Ghrelin ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Hunger ; Hypothalamus ; Leptin ; Neurons

Backgrounds: The purpose of fasting before surgery is to minimize the volume of gastric contents. A short fast after solid food increases gastric volume, but a small drink of clear fluid 2 to 3 hours preoperatively decreases gastric volume. This investigation examined the effects of a small drink of clear fruit juice 2 to 3 hours prior to anesthesia on gastric volume, gastric pH, thirst and hunger. METHODS: Two hundred eighty children whose ages were five to ten years, scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of 7 groups. Group 1 continued to fast but in the other 6 groups the children drank 2 ml/kg, 3 ml/kg, or 4 ml/kg of clear fruit juice (orange or grape) 2 to 3 hours preoperatively. The degree of thirsty and hunger was checked. The volume of gastric contents was measured by syringe and the pH by pH meter. RESULTS: The children who drank fruit juice preoperatively had decreased gastric volume. The gastric pH was not significantly different with that of the control group. The degree of thirst and hunger was not significantly different with that of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a small drink of fruit juice 2 to 3 hours preoperatively is more preferable than 8 hours fasting.
Anesthesia ; Child* ; Fasting ; Fruit* ; Humans ; Hunger ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Syringes ; Thirst

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control(HLOC) and eating behavior in obese middle school girls. METHOD: The sample consisted of 170 obese middle school girls in Seoul. RESULT: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC-Internal ; 4.11, HLOC-External ; 2.45, HLOC-Chance ; 2.09. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.69, Dietary Restraint ; 2.67, Hunger ; 2.55. 3.The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior(dietary restraint and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC-Chance and disinhibition was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and dietary restraint was correlated negatively. The HLOC-External and eating behavior(dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling). There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC-External according to thinking about oneself who is obese or not. 5. There was not a significant difference in eating behavior depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling, perception of oneself as a obese). CONCLUSION: This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling of obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.
Eating* ; Fathers ; Feeding Behavior* ; Female* ; Humans ; Hunger ; Internal-External Control* ; Obesity ; Seoul ; Siblings ; Thinking ; Child Health