Objective To determine the effect of calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ ) -ryanodinereceptor pathway signaling in rabbits with left ventricular bypertrophy (LVH) and triggered ventricular arrhythmia.Methods Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomized into four groups ( n =10 per group):the sham operation group,LVH group,KN-93 (CaMKⅡ inhibitor) group (LVH + KN-93),and the ryanodinegroup ( LVH + ryanodine).Rabbits in the LVH,KN-93,and ryanodinegroups were used to establish a left ventricular hypertrophy model by the coarctation of the abdominal aorta,while the rabbits in the sham operation group did not have the coarctation.After eight weeks,action potentials (APs) were recorded simultaneously in the endocardium and epicardium,and transmural electrocardiogram (ECG) was also recorded in the wedge shaped models of rabbits' left ventricular myocardium.Drugs were administered to animals in the KN-93 and ryanodinegroups respectively,and the frequency of triggered APs and ventricular tachycardia were recorded after isoprenaline ( 1 μmol/L),and high-frequency electrical stimulation were given to rabbits.Results The incidences (animals/group) of triggered APs were:sham,0/10 ; LVH,10/10; KN-93,4/10; and ryanodine,1/10.The incidences of ventricular tachycardia induced were 0/10,9/10,3/10,and 1/10,respectively.The incidences of triggered ventricular arrhythmias in the KN-93 group and ryanodine groups tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were 0/10,7/10,2/10,and 1/10,respectively.The incidences of triggered ventricular arrhythmias in the KN-93 group and ryanodine groups were much lower than that in the LVH group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions KN-93 and ryanodinecan effectively reduce the occurrence of triggered ventricular arrhythmia in rabbits with LVH.The CaMK Ⅱ-ryanodine signaling pathway can be used as a novel target site of treating ventricular arrhythmia.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation of hMPV in infants and young chil-dren presented with acute respiratory tract infection and to identify the molecular character. Methods Na-sopharyngeal aspirates were taken from 310 hospitalized pediatric patients from February to May in 2006, March to April in 2008, and September 2008 to February 2009, and the N gene fragments of hMPV were de-tected by nested PCR amplification. Phylogenetic analysis of 17 strains hMPV N genes was performed. The clinical materials of patients were collected and analyzed. All hMPV-positive samples were examined by multi-PCR for other respiratory viruses. Results Of 310 pediatric patients, 20 (6.5%) were positive for hMPV. The median age of hMPV infected children was 15.0 months(from 16 days to 9 years old), 90% (18/20)of the cases were under 2 years, and 60% were male. Phylogenetic analysis of 17 N gene fragments showed that 11 hMPV strains were A2b subtype. 20 hMPV-positive children were subjected to pneumonia, accounting for 7.1% (20/282) among all pneumonia subjects in this study. The common clinical manifesta-tions of hMPV infected patients were cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and fever. 35% (7/20) needed intensive care, 15% (3/20) were given oxygen therapy. The median length of hospital stay was (11.9 ±4.8) d. No significant seasonal distribution of hMPV was displayed. Two patients were coinfected with ade-novirus and rhinovirus respectively. Conclusion hMPV was an important respiratory pathogen in young children subjected to pneumonia in Tianjin. Three subtypes(A2a/A2b, B1, B2) were prevalent in Tianjin, and A2b was the predominant subtype. No significant difference of clinical characters was observed between A and B type hMPV infected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the blood type of a family with B(A) blood type. METHODS: The serological blood type of the family was determined by routine tube method. Exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified by PCR and subjected to Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Serological testing of the proband and her elder son showed a discrepancy which was initially identified as B(A) subtype. Her husband and second son were identified as blood type O. Sequencing of the proband and her elder son has identified an O allele and a 640A>G mutation compared with the B gene. Her husband and second son possessed the same genotype of O/O. CONCLUSION The 640A>G mutation of ABO gene probably underlies the B(A) subtype.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Alleles ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVETo discuss the probable causes of the post-surgery complications with the intra-artcular fracture of calcaneus, the proper steps for prevention and solution.

METHODSSeventy-one patients (76 injured feet) included 49 males and 22 females aged from 19 to 56 years old (mean 35.6 years). According to Sanders' classification, 23 cases (24 injuried feet) belonged to type II, 36 (38 injured feet) were type III, the remain 12 (14 injured feet) met the criteria of type IV. All the patients received the operation of open reduction, autogenous bone grafting and internal fixation with stainless steel plates.

RESULTSThirteen injuried feet developed early complications. Two injuried feet got the superficial layer of the wound disrupted and infected, I had the deep layer of the wound disrupted and infected. Cutaneous necrosis at the pointed end of the wound occurred in 7 cases. Another 1 developed osteomyelitis. Two cases suffered from sural nerve damage. Two injuried feet developed late complications, both of them suffered from arthritis of talocalcaneal joint. All the patients were followed up at least 6 months (ranged from 6 to 42 months, mean 19 months). According to Kerr's post-surgery evaluation criteria, 34 injuried feet were excellent, 32 were fine, 9 were acceptable, only 1 was bad.

CONCLUSIONIf proper measures are taken, the post-surgery complications of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus will be reduced. This requires us to be strict in selecting operation indication, to make a good plan and preparation, to select a right time for operation, to improve surgical skills and pay more attention to peri-surgery nursing. If complications happen, according measures should be taken in order to get a better outcome.

Adult ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Joints ; injuries ; Fractures, Bone ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the distribution characteristics of HCV genotypes and subtypes in patients with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)/HCV co-infection in Kunming based on the nucleocapsid protein gene sequence of HCV (hepatitis C virus). Methods　Serum was collected from HIV/HCV co-infected patients with household registration in 14 county-level cities, districts and counties under the jurisdiction of Kunming, who admitted to Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from March to August 2019. The viral RNA was extracted from the serum, reverse transcribed to synthesize cDNA, and the HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers were used for nested PCR amplification. The positive amplification products were sequenced, bioinformatics software such as DNAstar and MEGAX were used for sequence analysis. Results　A total of 64 samples from co-infected patients with clinical diagnosis of suspected HIV/HCV were collected and amplified by HCV nucleocapsid protein gene-specific primers, of which 17 samples were amplified positively. The results of sequence analysis showed that the sequences of 9 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 3b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 93.3%-95.2%; the sequences of 5 cases were located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 1b subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 96.8%-97.6%; the sequence of one case and the subtype sequence of HCV 3a gene were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 95.2%; the sequence of one case and HCV 6n gene subtype sequence were located in the same evolutionary branch, and the nucleotide homology was 97.9%; One case was located in the same evolutionary branch as the HCV 6u gene subtype sequence, and the nucleotide homology was 98.4%. Conclusions　HCV 1b, HCV 3a, HCV 3b, HCV 6n and HCV 6u genotypes or subtypes of HCV are prevalent in Kunming, and HCV 3b is the most prevalent genotype.

Extensive research in this decade has led to detailed understanding of genetic changes underlying human cancers. Two major tumorigenic events are mutation and amplification of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. These events then trigger a series of signal transduction cascades, activating expression of downstream genes that control various cellular activities including cell cycle progression, DNA synthesis, programmed cell death, DNA repair, and cell migration. Investigations of these molecular pathways has led to the identification of many targets for therapeutic intervention. Knowledge of the expression patterns and functions of all human genes wil l provide a frame work for future molecular, genetic medicine. During the past ten years, the human genome project has generated an enormous amount of sequencing information, and sequencing of the entire human genome may be completed by the year 2003 (1,2). One can envision that this will irreversibly transform the methodology of medical research and the practice of medicine. The search for new genes, which currently consumes the effort of many talented scientists, will become past history. Additionally, studying one gene at a time will be replaced by studying large number of genes simultaneously(3). Reductionistic approaches to human disease will be replaced by systemic approach. As a prelude to this revolution, tools used for parallel analysis of gene expression in the format of ordered gene arrays have been developed and are under continued expansion. In this technical tip, we will introduce the Atlas Human cDNA Expression Array system developed by Clontech Laboratories, Inc.(4). With this technology, a conventional laboratory can profile the expression of 588 human genes simultaneously in one simple experiment without the using of expensive equipment. We will demonstrate the profiling of 588 genes in a human glioblastoma cell line to exemplify the utility of this technique.
Aptitude ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; DNA ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Complementary* ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genome, Human ; Glioblastoma ; Glioma* ; Human Genome Project ; Humans* ; Oncogenes ; Signal Transduction

Objective To investigate the latent infection caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) among healthy people in Tianjin and to provide evidence on prevention and control hand-food and mouth diseases (HFMD). Methods 1611 sera specimens were collected from healthy people in Tianjin while EV71 antibody was detected by neutralization test, and then the results were analyzed statistically. Results For determining positivity, the cut-point was set at 1:4. The positive rate was 66.79%( 1076/1611) for EV71 neutralizing antibody. The lowest positive rate was 32.71% in the 0-5 age group while the highest rate was 76.67% in the 16-25 age group. Significant difference was seen in the positive rates among different age groups. The lowest positive rate (59.05%) was seen in the city areas while the highest rate (72.35%) was seen in the surrounding counties. 5.71% of the people being tested showed their neutralizing antibody as ≥1:256. The difference was statistically significant on positive rates among different areas. We constructed logistic regression models with the EV71 neutralizing antibody positive rate as the dependent variable and age, sex, floating population, area etc. as independent variables. There appeared statistical significances in all the independent variables. Conclusion Age seemed a risk factor for recessive infection of EV71, and the neutralizing antibody against EV71 might not be kept permanently. In order to prevent and control the HFMD, more attention should be paid to the areas where more floating population were resided.

IL-28RA is one of the important candidate genes for complex trait of genetic diseases, but there is no published information of the genetic variation in this gene. We scanned the seven exons and their boundary introns sequence of IL-28RA including the promoter regions to analyze genetic variation sites, and identified eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two variation sites. We chose seven SNPs (g.-1193 A>C, g.-30 C>T, g.17654 C>T, g.27798 A>G, g.31265 C>T, g.31911 C>T and g.32349 G>A) of them for large sample size genotyping, and assessed the association of genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs between allergic rhinitis patients and non-allergic rhinitis controls. We also compared the genotype frequencies between Korean controls and Han Chinese control or Korean Chinese control. We investigated the frequencies of haplotype constructed by these SNPs between allergic rhinitis patients and non-allergic rhinitis controls. Our results suggested that the g.32349 G>A polymorphism of IL-28RA might be associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis (P=0.032), but seems to have no relationship with serum total IgE levels. The haplotype frequencies by these SNPs also show significant association between controls and allergic rhinitis patients.
Variation (Genetics) ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/blood/*genetics ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/blood/*genetics ; Receptors, Cytokine/*genetics ; Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Male ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Humans ; Haplotypes ; Genotype ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Female ; Exons/genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Alleles ; Adult

Since first discovered in chick skeletal muscles, stretch-activated channels (SACs) have been proposed as a probable mechano-transducer of the mechanical stimulus at the cellular level. Channel properties have been studied in both the single-channel and the whole-cell level. There is growing evidence to indicate that major stretch-induced changes in electrical activity are mediated by activation of these channels. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of stretch-induced automaticity by exploiting a recent mathematical model of rat atrial myocytes which had been established to reproduce cellular activities such as the action potential, Ca2+ transients, and contractile force. The incorporation of SACs into the mathematical model, based on experimental results, successfully reproduced the repetitive firing of spontaneous action potentials by stretch. The induced automaticity was composed of two phases. The early phase was driven by increased background conductance of voltage-gated Na+ channel, whereas the later phase was driven by the reverse-mode operation of Na+/Ca2+ exchange current secondary to the accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ through SACs. These results of simulation successfully demonstrate how the SACs can induce automaticity in a single atrial myocyte which may act as a focus to initiate and maintain atrial fibrillation in concert with other arrhythmogenic changes in the heart.
Action Potentials ; Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Fires ; Heart ; Models, Theoretical ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rats

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and prognoses of primary Waldeyer's ring diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma ( ENKTCL).MethodsFrom 2000 to 2008,122 patients with primary Waldeyer's ring DLBCL and 44 patients with primary Waldeyer' s ring ENKTCL consecutively diagnosed were retrospectively compared.Patients with DLBCL usually received 4-6 cycles of CHOP-based chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiotherapy.Patients with early stage ENKTCL usually received extended-field radiotherapy with or without subsequent chemotherapy,or short courses ( 1 - 3 cycles ) of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy.Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.Logrank method was used for univariate analysis.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 82％.The number of patients followed 5 years were 32 and 15 in DLBCL and ENKTCL.DLBCL mainly presented with stage Ⅱ tonsillar disease with regional lymph node involvement.ENKTCL occurred predominately in young males,as nasopharyngeal stage I disease with B symptoms and involving adjacent structures.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 74％ and 67％ in DLBCL,and 68％ and 59％ in ENKTCL (x2=0.53,1.06,P=0.468,0.303),respectively.In stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ diseases,the 5-year OS and PFS rates were 79％ and 76％ for DLBCL compared to 72％ and 62％ for ENKTCL (x2 =1.20,2.46,P=0.273,0.117).On univariate analysis,age ＞ 60 years,elevated lactate dehydrogenase,eastern cooperative oncology group performance status ＞ 1,international prognosis index ( IPI ) score ≥ 1,stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ diseases and bulky disease were associated with unfavorable survival for DLBCL (x2=9.40,12.72,6.15,10.36,12.48,5.53,P=0.002,0.000,0.013,0.001,0.000,0.019),and only age＞60 years and IPI score ≥ 1 were associated with poor survival for ENKTCL (x2 =3.98,8.41,P =0.046,0.004).ConclusionsThese results indicate that remarkable clinical disparities exist between DLBCL and ENKTCL in Waldeyer's ring. Different treatment strategies for each can result in similarly favorable prognoses.