The aim of this study was to determine whether viral type HPV-6 and HPV-11 could have influence on the clinical course of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children. The detection of viral typing, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on papilloma biopsies of 36 patients at ENT Hospital HCM City from 3/2000 to 3/2004. HPV-6 was detected in 17 patient's biopsies and HPV-11 in 19 biopsies. After the findings, patients infected by HPV-11 have more aggressive than patients infected by HPV-6 (73.7% vs 29.4%; p=0.008). Patients with HPV-11 have higher prevalence of tracheotomy and shorter interval time between two operations than patients with HPV-6
Papilloma ; Respiratory system ; epidemiology ; human papillomavirus 11 ; human papillomavirus 6

BACKGROUND: Condylomata acuminata is a sexually transmitted cisease which is caused by the human papillomavirus(HPV). The types of HPV causing condylomata acuminata are HPV 6,11,16,18. HPV 16 and 18 are related to anogenital carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to determine the types cif HPV in condylomata acuminata, and to investigate the relationship between condylomata acuminata and anogenital carcinoma. MEHTODS: Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment le igth polymorphisms were performed in the paraffin-embedded tissues of 17 cases of condylomata acciminata. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in all of 17 cases of condylomata accuminata tested. HPV 6 and 11 were found in 53% (9/17) and 41% (7/17) of the samples, respectiiely. HPV 16 and/or 18, which are related to anogenital carcinovia, were not detected, except in one case in which HPV 16 was found to be superimposed with HPV 6 and 11. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that most of condylomata acumirata are caused by HPV 16 and 11, and there is not so much risk of this disease transforming into the aiogenital carcinoma.
Biopsy* ; Condylomata Acuminata* ; DNA* ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

BACKGROUND: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been known to be an important factor in the development of cervical cancer. In 2006, two vaccines were made available in the Philippines, one covering two subtypes (HPV 16 and 18) and the other covers four subtypes (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) of the virus.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetrics and gynecology residents from both government and private sector regarding HPV vaccination as well as determine barriers to vaccination. It also aimed to determine if there is any disparity between the private and government setting, and between residency year levels which may create a discrepancy in the vaccination coverage of their patients.

METHODS: Data will be collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The survey to be used in this study was adapted from the form used in a similar study done in Hong-Kong. The questionnaire will consist of five sections: 1) items regarding the respondents' demographics (age; sex; institution type; residency training year level; number of patients seen in a typical week; number of patients seen in a week aged 10-17, 18-26, and 27-45; number of pap smears performed in a typical week), 2) Knowledge on human papillomavirus infection, 3) Attitude towards HPV vaccine, 4) HPV vaccination practice, and 5) Perceived barriers in HPV vaccination.

RESULTS: This study found that the knowledge of residents about human papilloma virus was generally poor to fair with no significant difference between the knowledge of residents from government institutions compared to those from the private sector. Majority of the residents believe that the vaccine should be administered to 10-17 years old, prior to sexual debut and exposure to the human papilloma virus but were not able to prescribe vaccination for this age group. The perceived barriers of residents in prescribing and vaccinating their patients differ between age groups. For 10-17 years old, parental refusal for vaccinating their children is due to the notion that in doing so, their child is being singled out as being at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. For patients 18-26 years old, residents believe that their reluctance to discuss and talk about issues of sexuality are likely to hinder them from getting vaccinated. For the 27-45-year-old age group, the residents believe that the patient's belief that they do not have HPV infection is likely to hinder them being vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: Proper education and good communication skills among residents and patients should be developed to properly employ and promote vaccination.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Human Papillomavirus 16 ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Papanicolaou Test ; Human Papillomavirus 6 ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

BACKGROUND: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been known to be an important factor in the development of cervical cancer. In 2006, two vaccines were made available in the Philippines, one covering two subtypes (HPV 16 and 18) and the other covers four subtypes (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18) of the virus.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the current knowledge, attitude, and practices of obstetrics and gynecology residents from both government and private sector regarding HPV vaccination as well as determine barriers to vaccination. It also aimed to determine if there is any disparity between the private and government setting, and between residency year levels which may create a discrepancy in the vaccination coverage of their patients.

METHODS: Data will be collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The survey to be used in this study was adapted from the form used in a similar study done in Hong-Kong. The questionnaire will consist of five sections: 1) items regarding the respondents' demographics (age; sex; institution type; residency training year level; number of patients seen in a typical week; number of patients seen in a week aged 10-17, 18-26, and 27-45; number of pap smears performed in a typical week), 2) Knowledge on human papillomavirus infection, 3) Attitude towards HPV vaccine, 4) HPV vaccination practice, and 5) Perceived barriers in HPV vaccination.

RESULTS: This study found that the knowledge of residents about human papilloma virus was generally poor to fair with no significant difference between the knowledge of residents from government institutions compared to those from the private sector. Majority of the residents believe that the vaccine should be administered to 10-17 years old, prior to sexual debut and exposure to the human papilloma virus but were not able to prescribe vaccination for this age group. The perceived barriers of residents in prescribing and vaccinating their patients differ between age groups. For 10-17 years old, parental refusal for vaccinating their children is due to the notion that in doing so, their child is being singled out as being at risk for sexually transmitted diseases. For patients 18-26 years old, residents believe that their reluctance to discuss and talk about issues of sexuality are likely to hinder them from getting vaccinated. For the 27-45-year-old age group, the residents believe that the patient's belief that they do not have HPV infection is likely to hinder them being vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: Proper education and good communication skills among residents and patients should be developed to properly employ and promote vaccination.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Human Papillomavirus 16 ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Papanicolaou Test ; Human Papillomavirus 6 ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The necessary role of genital infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer development provides an opportunity to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, a second leading cancer in women, through prophylactic vaccination. Two types of vaccines targeting HPV 16 and 18 which are responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancer worldwide have been developed: a quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil?) and a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix?). Gardasil also targets HPV 6 and 11 causing 90% of genital wart. Both two vaccines contain virus-like particles composed of L1 protein of viral capsid and do not exert infectivity. HPV vaccines were highly effective in preventing persistent infection by vaccine specific type HPV in young women who have not been previously exposed to them. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials have provided evidence that HPV vaccines have high efficacy against cervical precancerous lesion in young women irrespective of baseline HPV infection status. However, HPV vaccines neither treat existing HPV infections nor provide protection against all types of HPV related with cervical cancer. Therefore, even vaccinated females should take cervical cancer screening as recommended. Gardasil has been tested mainly in 9~26 years old females and Cervarix in 15~25 years old. Current recommendation for vaccination age is 9~26 years for Gardasil and 10~25 years for Cervarix, considering sexual debut and previous clinical trials. There are plenty of remaining issues regarding HPV vaccination such as vaccine efficacy in older women and in males, cost-effectiveness, duration of protection, cross-protection, potential replacement infection, and vaccine compatibility.
Cancer Vaccines ; Capsid ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified more than 100 HPV subtypes. The distributions of subtypes are different according to nations and regions. We analysed subtype of infection with HPV among women who live in Pusan and surburbs of Pusan. We accessed the clinical usefulness of HPV DNA chip test as a supplementary method of Pap smear in the evaluation of cervical lesion. METHOD: This study was undertaken from January 2002 to January 2005 and the samples were collected from the patients who had abnormal Pap smear. We analysed subtypes of 143 positive cases with HPV DNA chip (Biomedlab) test and estimated pathologic reports of 115 patients except 28 patients who had not biopsy. We investigated pathologic results of 54 of 115 patients who had atypical squamous cells / low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC/LSIL) in Pap smear and examined high risk HPV in 54 pathologic results. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV subtypes was 42 cases of HPV-16, 20 cases of HPV- 58, 16 cases of HPV-52, 10 cases of HPV-35, 9 cases of HPV-56, 7 cases of HPV-51, 6 cases of HPV-18 in descending order of incidence in high risk HPV group and 3 cases of HPV-6, 3 cases of HPV-42, 2 cases of HPV-34, 2 cases of HPV-43 in descending order of incidence in low risk HPV group. The results of HPV DNA chip test and 115 pathologic reports were estimated by comparative study. A pure infection with low risk HPV group was detected in low grade lesion. Infection with high risk HPV group was also detected in low grade lesion but was mainly detected in high grade lesion. The pathologic results of 54 patients who had ASC / LSIL in Pap smear were 13 patients had above high grade lesion include 2 cases of invasive carcinoma so false negative rate of Pap smear in the detection of high grade lesion was 24%. CONCLUSION: HPV subtypes were detected HPV 16, 58, 52, 35, 56, 51, 18 types in descending order of incidence and prevalence. Mass study and integrated data from larger population and various regions in many hospitals will be needed. And the supplementary use of HPV DNA chip test may provide clinical usefulness because it can reduce the false negative rate of Pap smear and improve the positive predictive value in the detection of high grade cervical lesion and it enables to decrease the incidence of cervical cancer.
Biopsy ; Busan ; Cervix Uteri* ; DNA* ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To identify genital HPV types and high risk group of HPV associated with cervical cancer in Korean women. METHODS: Both Pap test and HPV-DNA test using PCR assay were performed as screening test for cervical cancer in this clinic. When patients were positive in HPV-DNA test, HPV genotyping using sequencing method and cervical biopsy were performed. RESULTS: Frequent age group of HPV infection was 40 yrs (34.3%) and prevalence of HPV infection was 9.8%. Twenty-three types of HPV were detected. HPV 16 and 58 were detected in invasive cancer. HPV 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58 were detected in HSIL. HPV 6, 11, 18, 53, 59, and 66 were detected in LSIL. HPV 16 was most commonly detected in HSIL and invasive cancer. CONCLUSION: HPV 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58 are included in high risk group of HPV in Korean women. It may be very effective in early detection of cervical cancer to classify HPV types included in high risk group of cervical cancer in Korean women and to perform cervical biopsy in the patients who have high risk types of HPV infection.
Biopsy ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To identify genital HPV types and high risk group of HPV associated with cervical cancer in Korean women. METHODS: Both Pap test and HPV-DNA test using PCR assay were performed as screening test for cervical cancer in this clinic. When patients were positive in HPV-DNA test, HPV genotyping using sequencing method and cervical biopsy were performed. RESULTS: Frequent age group of HPV infection was 40 yrs (34.3%) and prevalence of HPV infection was 9.8%. Twenty-three types of HPV were detected. HPV 16 and 58 were detected in invasive cancer. HPV 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58 were detected in HSIL. HPV 6, 11, 18, 53, 59, and 66 were detected in LSIL. HPV 16 was most commonly detected in HSIL and invasive cancer. CONCLUSION: HPV 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58 are included in high risk group of HPV in Korean women. It may be very effective in early detection of cervical cancer to classify HPV types included in high risk group of cervical cancer in Korean women and to perform cervical biopsy in the patients who have high risk types of HPV infection.
Biopsy ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes virtually all cases of cervical cancer, the second most common cause of death from cancer among women worldwide. The ability to generate human papillomavirus virus (HPV)-like particles by the synthesis and self-assembly in vitro of the major virus capsid protein L1 has transformed our prospects for preventing cervical carcinoma in women. These particles provide vaccines that are immunogenic and safe. Following preclinical research by laboratories in the nonprofit sector, Merck and GlaxoSmithKline are developing commercial versions of the vaccine. Both vaccines target HPV-16 and HPV-18, which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer. The Merck vaccine also targets HPV-6 and HPV-11, which account for approximately 90% of external genital warts. Published data from proof of principle trials and preliminary reports from large Phase III efficacy trials suggest strongly that they will protect against persistent HPV infection and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. However, the duration of protection provided by these vaccines is not known, the antibody responses induced are probably HPV type specific and immunisation should occur pre-exposure to the virus. Unresolved issues also include the most critical groups to vaccinate and when the vaccine's cost may be low enough for widespread implementation in the developing world, where 80% of cervical cancer occurs. Nevertheless, it may be that an HPV vaccine that protects against the complications of HPV infection such as cervical cancer will be one of the most significant public health initiatives of this decade.
Antibody Formation ; Capsid Proteins ; Cause of Death ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans* ; Papillomavirus Vaccines* ; Public Health ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines

Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is designed to prevent cervical cancer by preventing HPV infection of the uterine cervix. HPV vaccines are made of virus-like particles which are composed of L1 protein of viral coats. Two HPV vaccines have been developed. "Cervarix" is a bivalent vaccine which contains L1 protein of HPV 16 and HPV 18, and "Gardasil" is a quadrivalent vaccine which contained L1 protein of HPV 6 and HPV 11 in addition to HPV16 and HPV18. Clinical studies showed that both vaccines are highly effective to prevent cervical, vaginal and vulvar precancerous lesion in the population who are naive to HPV infection. Furthermore quadrivalent vaccine showed high efficacy to prevent genital warts. Efficacy of the vaccine decreased in total population who included both HPV-naive and HPV-infected people. Both vaccines demonstrated immune responses and immune memory up to 5 years. Safety studies showed no demonstrable major adverse reaction. From the public health standpoint, HPV vaccine is an important vaccine for young adolescent girls who have not begun sexual activities. Efficacy for mid-aged women needs more evidence based on pathology-based efficacy studies.
Adolescent ; Cervix Uteri ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 11 ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; Humans ; Memory ; Papilloma ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Public Health ; Sexual Behavior ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vaccines ; Viruses