Human Development ; Food ; Community

M.M., a 31-year old laborer from Valenzuela consulted for genital ambiguity. The patient was reared as female and developed female secondary sexual characteristics. The patient, however, was psychologically male. The condition was also noted in 2 siblings, 6 cousins and 2 maternal "uncles". The phenotype was that of a normal female. After clinical investigation, the patient was diagnosed as having partial androgen insensitivity syndrome. Partial androgen insensitivity is a tenth as common as the complete form, and the pedigree analysis is consistent with an X-linked trait. Phenotypes vary from individuals with normal female external genitalia through patients with genital ambiguity to those with normal male phenotype who have a small phallus and are fertile. The pathology identified is a quantitative deficiency of the androgen receptor and/or qualitative abnormal androgen receptor. Diagnosis is made by clinical examination, phenotype, with measurement of plasma testosterone and its receptors. There is no specific therapy for this condition. Sex of rearing is dependent on the age of diagnosis and degree of sexual ambiguity. Others suggest that reconstructive surgery should be delayed until the patient can be included in the decision making process.
Human ; Adult ; DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT

here have been continuing challenges to devaluate the moral status of early embryo. The preembryo-embryo distinction was mainly based on the lack of individuation. The term of preembryo was introduced by a frog embryologist and then was literally spread around the world because of policy reasons. The term "preembryo" has not yet been used in most medical textbooks including textbooks of human embryology. Preembryo is one period of continuum during human development and therefore should be regarded as valuable as an early form of human life. Preimplantation embryo is more accurate term for the early embryo.
Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures ; Human Development ; Humans ; Individuation

here have been continuing challenges to devaluate the moral status of early embryo. The preembryo-embryo distinction was mainly based on the lack of individuation. The term of preembryo was introduced by a frog embryologist and then was literally spread around the world because of policy reasons. The term "preembryo" has not yet been used in most medical textbooks including textbooks of human embryology. Preembryo is one period of continuum during human development and therefore should be regarded as valuable as an early form of human life. Preimplantation embryo is more accurate term for the early embryo.
Blastocyst ; Embryonic Structures ; Human Development ; Humans ; Individuation

[abstract in Japanese]
Pulmonary evaluation ; System ; Annual ; Human Development ; Health

Many features of the developing nervous system are visible from external observations of intact human embryos. In this study, a photographic atlas from the 4th to the 7th week after ovulation (Carnegie stages 10-18) is provided. The neural folds began to fuse at stage 10, and the rostral and caudal neuropore were closed during stages 11 and 12, respectively. The three primary divisions of the brain were distinguishable before closing of the neural tube. The five secondary brain vesicles were formed during stages 14-15. The development of the cerebellum and cerebrum were first observed at stages 14 and 15, respectively. The mesencephalic flexure was seen at stage 12, and the cervical flexure and pontine flexure at stage 14. After stages 18-19, it became increasingly difficult to identify detailed features of the brain from the surface. Results from this study will help to correlate the characteristic findings of the developing central nervous system of human embryos from stereomicroscopical and light microscopical observations and to locate the exact parts of the developing human brain for other purposes.
Brain/embryology* ; Embryo/anatomy & histology ; Fetal Development ; Human

OBJECTIVES: I reviewed the fundamental knowledge about normal development and common psychiatric illnesses in adolescence to provide with a lecture note for resident training seminar. METHODS: Three textbooks were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Adolescence is a bridge period between childhood and adulthood. Through adolescence, the development and achievement of interpersonal relationship, character pattern, learning and occupational capabilities occur. In adolescence, lots of both physical and psychological changes are observed. Also the requirement of social role and duty increased. Because of them, many psychiatric illnesses and adaptive problems are developed and exert negative influences on the quality of life of adolescents and their family. CONCLUSION: Adolescence is important period in human development and many psychiatric disabilities are developed and aggravated in this period.
Achievement ; Adolescent ; Human Development ; Humans ; Learning ; Quality of Life

The Accreditation Board for Medical Education in Korea, ABMEK, is nongovernmental appraisal organization that was established at July 2, 1998. The organization is contributing to the improvement of medical education by progressing the first cycle accreditation successfully. But, the organization has various problems and subjects related to the accreditation system. The authors examined the related literature focusing on the current status and problems of accreditation system. The result of this research was as follows. First, the ABMEK needs to propel legal personality of organization and should install independent executive office. Second, the ABMEK should establish the alteration procedure of accreditation standards and develop the accreditation standards of the second cycle that take into account international flowing of medical education. Third, the ABMEK must decide forms and scope to investigate medical college present situation. Finally, to propel development tasks effectively, it needs to get the recognition of Ministry of Education and Human Development.
Accreditation* ; Education ; Education, Medical ; Human Development ; Korea* ; Schools, Medical*

Split hand split foot(SHSF) is a rare human developmental defect characterized by mi-ssing digits, fusion of remaining digits, and a deep median cleft in the hands and feet. Cy-togenetic studies of deletions and translocations associated with this disorder have indicated that an autosomal dominant split hand/split foot locus maps to 7q21-q22. We have experienced a case of ectrodactyly in a 25-year-old primigravida woman and her baby and reported out our experience with a review of related literature.
Adult ; Female ; Fetus* ; Foot ; Hand ; Human Development ; Humans

A case of Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in a 21 year old woman who underwent bilateral gonadectomy and postoperative estrogen therapy is presented.
Human ; Female ; Young Adult ; ANDROGEN-INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME ; DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT