Cerebral palsy is a major cause of severe chronic disability in children. Experimental models aim to replicate one or more features of cerebral palsy in developing animals. These models are as heterogeneous as the disorder itself, such as timing.and mechanism of injury (stroke, infection, congenital malformation or asphyxia),target of injury (white matter or neurons) or function outcome. This review is to summarize different experimental models in cerebral palsy.

Objective To explore the effect of sex difference on learning and memory function and the brain tissue damage of neonatal SD rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Sixty,7-day-old neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats,were divided into randomly:male control group (M group,n=15),female control group (F group,n=15),male hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group (MHIBD group,n=15) and female hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group (FHIBD group,n=15).A modified newborn rat model that had a combined hypoxic-ischemic brain damage as described by Rice-Vannucci was used.The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the ability of learning and memory.The brain MRI and transmission electron microscope(TEM) was used to evaluate the scope of brain tissue damage and the change of the synaptic ultrastructure.Results There were no differences in swimming distance,escape latency,synaptic cleft and damage brain volume between M group and F group(P＞0.05).Compare with M group and F group,MHIBD group and FHIBD group showed significant brain injury,longer escape latency ((39.38±11.40) s vs (14.86±4.42) s,(30.14±7.18)s vs (18.41±5.03) s),longer swimming distance ((15.31± 1.77) cm vs (3.68±1.50) cm,(13.18±1.79) cm vs (4.61±1.61) cm),and TEM showed the synaptic cleft was widened ((23.18± 1.36) nm vs (19.24± 1.51) nm,(21.40± 1.71) nm vs (19.87±0.94) nm),P＜0.05).MHIBD group was more seriously compromised than the FHIBD group(P＜0.05).The brain MRI showed the damage brain volume of MHIBD group were significantly larger than FHIBD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion After bypoxic ischemic brain damage,the tolerance of brain damage and / or post-injury recovery capabilities of female rats are stronger than males.

Objective To design a set of software Gene_Norm for the data processing of genechips by normalization methods. Methods Hybridization spots were divided into two groups: "good" and "bad". Turn on off spots were extracted from the "bad" spots. Normalization processing of data was performed by using average ratio. Results Application of Gene_Norm in the processing of high density microarray data (10 080 spots, 42 records of each spot) resulted in satisfactory processing results. Conclusion The software of genechip can be used to process large amount of data. Some parameters can be chosen manually, so the software is of simple operation and wide application.

Objective To explore the differences and development of executive function(EF) between cerebral palsy(CP) children and normal children. Methods Forty-eight 4 ～6 years old CP children and fiftyeight normal children were tested by "cool" and "hot" EFs. Results There were significant differences between "cool" EF of CP children(18.34±14.31) and normal children(6.94 ±3. 18) ( t = 3. 83, P<0.01 ) ;and there were significant differences between "hot" EF of CP children(279.67 ±330. 18) and normal children(709.31 ± 304. 13)( t = -4.93, P< 0.01). There were significant age differences on the "cool" EF ( F=8.689, P< 0.01) and "hot" EF ( F=3. 833, P<0.05) of CP children. There were significant age differences on the "cool" EF ( F= 15.469, P<0.01) and on the "hot" EF ( F=8.470, P<0.01) of normal children. There was negative correlation between "cool" EFs and "hot" EFs( r= -0.440, P<0.01). Conclusion "Cool" and "hot" EFs of CP children are lower than those of normal children. "Cool" and "hot" EFs can develop from 4 to 6 years old,but the development of EFs are not absolutely consistent between CP children and normal children. There is correlation between "cool" and "hot" EFs in patients with CP,but not dissociation.

Objective To study the long-term efficacy of bladder pressure expansion and perfusion therapy by bladder hydraulic expansion with alkalify lidocaine,heparin,dexamethasone for the treatment of ketamine correlation cystitis Methods From January 2008 to September 2011,the data from 19 male and 3 female patients,who were diagnosed as ketamine-associated cystitis was retrospectively analyzed.The mean age was (26 ± 5)years old.All patients accepted bladder pressure expansion under the spinal and epidural anesthesia.After expansion,the silicon three-channel catheters were left in those patients.2％ lidocaine (20 ml) and 5％ bicarbonate (10 ml) was perfused into the bladder.Meanwhile,the heparin (2.5 U) and dexamethasone (10 mg) were added into the solution,as well.After perfusion,the catheter was clamped until the patient could not tolerate.The perfusion was performed three times every day for 5 days.The volume of urine was recorded each time.The OABSS score,urine volume,maximum urine flow rate,day and night urination frequency were followed within 5 years.And the data was compared with those preoperative and postoperative 1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months.Results 22 patients accepted the procedure successfully.No complications,such as fever or bladder rupture,occurred.At the end of 5 years,the bladder volume daily urinating frequency,night urinating frequency,maximal flow rate,OABSS score were (238.3 ± 37.3) ml,9.2 ± 2.3,2.1-± 1.3,(18.2 ± 8.3) ml/s,4.4-± 2.4,respectively.Compared to the one week and one month after the operation,those results have significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).Compared to the 3 months after the procedure,the bladder volume has significant difference [(238.3-± 37.3) ml vs.(158.3-± 18.3) ml,P ＜ 0.01].No significant differences were noticed in those items 6 months after the procedure (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The long-term efficacy of bladder pressure expansion with alkaline lidocaine,heparin and dexamethasone the anesthesia in the treatment of ketamine associated cystitis is good.The outcome is stable,and no obvious complications.

ObjectiveTo study the intelligence quotient(IQ) profile of the children with idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) and the factors influencing IQ of them.MethodsAll 28 children with GTCS were selected who were aged 9 ～ 16 years in 20 GTCS families in a mountain area of the south of Anhui Province,all available healthy siblings of the children included in the epilepsy group,did not have epilepsy,and were nearest in age to the children with GTCS ( control group 1 ),and thirty children aged 9 ～ 16 years old who had lived in the same village ( control group 2) entered into our study.The IQ was studied of the three groups of children and the factors influencing IQ of children with GTCS at the same time.The data were input SPSS12.0 and analyzed.ResultsThe IQ of children with GTCS(85.64 ±20.57)was lower than that control group 1( 103.39 ± 11.17)and the control group 2 ( 106.17 ± 11.67).The difference between children with GTCS and the two control groups were significant for almost all the subtest quotients except completion of drawing and picture arrangement.No significant differences were found between the control group 1 and the control group 2 on the IQ and the subtest quotients.IQ scores of children with GTCS showed significant linear correlation with father's education( r=0.453,P＜0.01 ),age at onset of epilepsy( r=0.506,P＜0.01 ),duration of seizure disorder( r=-0.533,P＜0.0l ),status epilepticus( r=-0.732,P＜0.01),total number of seizures( r=-0.761,P＜0.01) and seizure frequency ( r=-0.708,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionThe IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are lower significantly than general children population.Epilepsy-related variables affecting IQ scores of the children with idiopathic GTCS are duration of seizure disorder,status epilepticus,age at onset of epilepsy,total number of seizures,seizure frequency.

Objective The radiotherapy resistance is one of important causes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) treatment failure.Junctional adhesion molecule A(JAMA)is closely correlated with the tumor poor prognosis.Thus this experiment is to in vestigate the relationship between JAMA expression and the radiosensitivity of NPC.Methods To overexpress or interfere the JAMA expression in CNE2 and HONE1 cell lines.Then different doses of X-ray were adopted to conduct irradiation.The cell clone formation capacity and cellular apoptosis change were detected after 24 h.The role of JAMA in the NPC radiotherapy was understand.The related signal pathway protein in cell lines with different JAMA expression was detected by Western blot.Results The cell lines with low JAMA expression were more sensitive to radiotherapy:After low JAMA expression,the D0 value in the CNE2 cell line was decreased from 3.26 ±0.78 to 1.92 ± 0.23;the Dq value was decreased from 46.51 ± 4.27 to 32.12 ± 3.19.The radio therapy induced apoptosis was significantly increased in the cell lines with low JAMA expression,after low JAMA expressing,thcellular apoptosis was elevated from 6.9 ％ ± 0.9 ％ to 13.7 ％ ± 1.3 ％;the HONE1 cellular apoptosis was elevated from 6.5 ％ + 1.1 ％ to 12.3 ％ ± 1.7％;JAMA overexpression cell lines were significantly decreased.The preliminary mechanism research results showed that JAMA played the effect via Akt signal pathway.Conclusion This research results verifiy that JAMA expression level is closely correlated with the radiosensitivity of NPC cell line:JAMA can increase the radiotherapy resistance of NPC cell lines,which provides a new feasible research direction for NPC enhancing radiosensitivity.

Objective To identify the role of miR-124 in regulating the radiosensitivity and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Transient transfection of cells with miR-124 mimic or inhibitor was performed and wound-healing assay was used to investigate the role of miR-124 in the EMT of NPC. The apoptosis affected by miR-124 was also measured after irradiation , followed by investigating the cell proliferation by EdU assay. Finally , proteins of Akt and ERK associated with EMT and radiosensitivity, were measured by western blot. Results The migration index from NPC cell line indicated that miR-124 repressed the EMT. The results from caspase-3 activity assay showed that caspase-3 activity after irradiation significantly increased in miR-124 mimic group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). It was also confirmed that irradiation led to a higher percentage of apoptosis in miR-124 group compared with the control group in NPC cells. Cell proliferation after irradiation was significantly decreased in MiR-124 group as compared with control group . MiR-124 inhibited the protein expression of p-Akt . Conclusion MiR-124 may repress the EMT and decrease radio-resistance of NPC via p-Akt signaling pathway , which may provide a new insight into radio-resistance in NPC.

Objective:To study the predictive value of the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) within 6 hours and 3 days after birth and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) on the adverse neurobehavioral development of asphyxiated preterm infants at the correction age of 6 months.Methods:From December 2017 to June 2019, 50 asphyxiated preterm infants who were delivered at the obstetrical department transferred to the division of neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were monitored by aEEG within 6 hours after birth, then once a day for at least 4 h. MRI was administered at 40 weeks of corrected age, neuromotor developmental function of the infants was assessed by the Geisel developmental diagnostic scale at 6 months of corrected age, then the infants were divided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group according to the assessment results. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The software of SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the data.Independent sample t-test and χ 2 test were used to analyze the difference between the two groups.The relationship between aEEG grading and MRI, and their predictive value for adverse neurobehavioral development were analyzed at 6 months of corrected age. Results:The degree of white matter damage( H=24.896) and intracranical hemorrhage( H=29.245) of premature infants with different aEEG clinical grades were different (both P<0.01) on MRI. The sensitivity of aEEG within 6 hours and 3 days after birth on predicting poor prognosis was 96.2% and 97.8%, the specificity was 56.2% and 62.5%, the negative predictive value was 98.2% and 99.0%, the positive predictive value was 37.8% and 52.3%, the correct index was 52.4% and 60.3%, respectively. The aEEG was combined with MRI, the sensitivity (90.0%, 97.0%), specificity (89.0%, 99.0%), negative predictive value (99.2%, 99.5%), positive predictive value (80.6%, 88.5%), and correct index (79%, 96%) were all improved. Conclusion:The combination of aEEG grading and MRI can improve the prognostic value on neurodevelopmental prognosis, and provide a better evaluation basis for clinical follow-up and intervention of asphyxiated premature infants with brain injury.

Objective To evaluate the effect of modified Huangqi decoction combined with routine western medicine on acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A total of 84 patients with AECOPD who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups, 42 in each group. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, while the observation group was treated with Huangqi decoction on the basis of the control group. The TCM symptoms and signs of the two groups were scored from cough, sputum expectoration, shortness of breath, wheezing and moist rale. The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the percentage of FEV1 in FVC (FEV1％) of the two groups were measured by automatic lung function analyzer. The blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and arterial partial pressure oxygen (SaO2) were measured by gas analyzer. The serum CRP was detected by ELISA, and the serum procalcitonin (PCT) was detected by immunoluminescence. Results The total effective rate was 90.5％ (38/42) in the observation group, which was 73.8％ (31/42) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (Z=-3.225, P=0.004). After treatment, the scores of cough, sputum expectoration, shortness of breath,wheezing and moist rale in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t values were 3.225, 3.587, 3.552, 3.421, 3.785, all Ps<0.05), and the levels of FEV1, FVC and FEV1％ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t values were 3.586, 3.021, 5.026,all Ps<0.05). After treatment, the PaO2 and SaO2 levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t values were 4.022 and 4.251 respectively, all Ps<0.05), and PaCO2 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=4.572, P=0.018). The CRP and PCT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=4.635, 3.028, P<0.05).Conclusions The modified Huangqi decoction can improve the pulmonary function and clinical symptoms of AECOPD patients, reduce the levels of CRP and PCT, and improve the clinical efficacy.