OBJECTIVE To analyze the reason of hospital infection by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) popular on the wound surface in burn wards at a hospital located in South China.The methods of prevention and control were discussed.METHODS The MRSA infections on the surface of a wound of patients in burn wards were reviewed and analyzed from Sep 20,2005 to Sep 30,2005.The occurred reasons,distributed characteristics and drug resistance were carried out on the analysis.RESULTS There were 6 cases of MRSA infection on the injured area,from them 4 with third-degree burn,and 2 with moderate burn.The patients were cured completely.There was no blood stream MRSA infection.Vancomycin was used to treat.The fulminant epidemic of MRSA infection in the injured area was related with environment pollution and cross infection caused by the imprecise aseptic operation.CONCLUSIONS The injured area of burn patient is infected by MRSA.which often has strong drug resistance,but the vancomycin is effective.The environment disinfection is important.Medical personnel's standardized aseptic operation should be strengthened.The reasonable use of antibiotics can avoid the cross infection.It is the important method to prevent and control the fulminant epidemic.

Objective The main purpose of this study was to discuss the current situation of our nursing education from the perspective of educate,and to provide enlightenment for the higher nursing education reform.Methods The current situation of the development of nursing education questionnaire was adopted to conduct the survey.Results Nursing education in our country faced with the problems such as imperfection of the education concept,lack of humanistic curriculum,less practice classes,theory was divorced from practice,single evaluation tools of teaching.Conclusions Our country should carry on the reform of education mode,build international nursing personnel training system,improve the training quality and competition of nursing personnel.

OBJECTIVE To comprehend antimicrobial susceptibility distribution of the ?-lactamases products from Feb 2002 to Feb 2003 in our hospital.METHODS The Microscan-USA was used to identify pathogens and drug sensitivity tests,the results of examination were judged according to NCCLS 1999 standard.(RESULTS) Among the isolated 67 strains of ESBLs-producing bacteria(35.64%),31 strains of(Klebsiella) pneumoniae(36.05%),29 strains of Escherichia coli(43.28%), 6 strains of Enterobacter cloacae((22.22)%)and 1 of K.oxytoca(12.5%) were detected.The multi-resistance of ESBLs~+ bacteria was very usual,besides to the ?-lactam antibiotics.The pattern of being resistant to both of tobramycin and ciprofloxacin was relatively common,and amikacin was relatively less,even the complex antibiotics containing ?-lactamases inhibitor would lose their effect.(CONCLUSIONS)The ESBLs bacteria exist in our area at a high level and also be the main antimicrobial-resistant ones and have got the resistance to many kinds of antibiotics.To control the(ESBLs)~+(bacteria) infection,expanding and supervision management of antibiotics is a urged task and important for us.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the high incision infection rate in abdominal operation in order to take effective preventive measures.METHODS Totally 2302 cases of abdominal operation in general surgery were investigated retrospectively from Jan 2005 to May 2007.The diagnosis standard was based on the Diagnosis Standard of Hospital Infection(Draft) published by Ministry of Health of the People′s Republic of China in Jan 2001.RESULTS From them 113 cases suffered incision infection.The infection rate was 4.85%,accounted for 81.54% of all surgical operation incision infections.The pathogenic bacteria in the samples taken during the operation were the same as those in the secretion of postoperative incision in terms of species and source.CONCLUSIONS The key points of prevention of incision infection are sterile operation,flushing of abdominal cavity and enhanced detection of environment hygiene in operating room.The infection rate could be lowered through observation and nursing care of postoperative incision and proper use of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To strengthen the hospital infection management in community health service centers,in order to reduce the onset of hospital infection.METHODS According to Hospital infection administration regnltions and Shenzhen medical service hospital infection control quality evaluation management demands we had investigated and evaluated the hospital infection management in 9 community health service centers.RESULTS The monitoring,surveillance and management of hospital infection in community health service centers as a quality evaluation index of hospital medical service still had many problems,it should further enhance the quality in the field of administration management,sterilization and disinfection,surveillance and sevage treatment.CONCLUSIONS The hospital infection management in community health service centers is a part of whole hospital medical service,but their quality at present is weak.To strengthen the hospital infection management is important to guarantee the medical service quality and medical care safety.

OBJECTIVE To enhance the hospital infection control quality level,decreasing hospital infection incidence and safeguarding the medical treatment in community health servnice canter(CHSC).METHODS Through plan,do,check and action(PDCA) circle method,combined with the management analysis the risk factors were found,and the method was useful for improving hospital infection control quality.RESULTS After one and a half years all-process progressive improvement of our work,the risk factors were diminished,the quality evaluation was improved and the management was more effective.CONCLUSIONS Practicing scientific management to improve control quality,can effectiely enhance the hospital infection control quality.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of qulity control in hospital infection management.METHODS The data were collected in 2005-2007.The mean,standard deviation s,95% confidence interval(? 1.96 s) and 99% confidence intervals(? 2.58 s) were calculated to determine the forewarning threshold value.RESULTS The burn department was under the threshold value(85.95) lower than the respiratory department(87.85) and neurosurgery department(86.90).After intervention,the management improved.CONCLUSIONS With the help of quality control to forewarning and regulation of hospital infection management the problems can be found out in time.It is valuable for preventing hospital infection outbreac.

Object To develop a method for the determination of scutellarin in Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. -Mazz. and its extract (dengzhanhuasu) by capillary electrophoresis. Methods Separation was carried out in an uncoated fused silica capillary 57 cm ?50 ?m (ID). Meanwhile, a running voltage 20 kV, 40 mmol/L borax (pH 8.50 with H 3PO 4) buffer and a UV detector at 280 nm were adopted. Results The calibration curve showed good linearity over the range of 0.1-4.0 mg/mL (r=0.998 5). The average recovery was higher than 98.0%. Conclusion The method is proved to be simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used for quality control of E. breviscapus and its extract (dengzhanhuasu).

Objective To explore the relationship among job satisfaction,work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of nurses.MethodsA total of 497 nurses in 5 tertiary level general hospitals in Zhengzhou selected by convenience sampling,were investigated by Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire,nurses' OCB scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale.ResultsThe scores of job satisfaction,work engagement,OCB were (78.63±11.34),(38.31±7.78),(106.33±10.26) respectively.Nurses' job satisfaction was positively correlated with work engagement and OCB(r=0.529,0.481,P<0.01),and work engagement was positively correlated with OCB(r=0.456,P<0.01).The job satisfaction and work engagement had a positive prediction effect on OCB(changed R2=34.8%),and work engagement played a partial moderation effect between job satisfaction and OCB,the mediating effect accounted for 30.77% of the total effect.ConclusionManagers should take measures to improve job satisfaction and work engagement to promote OCB of nurses.

Objective To explore the correlation and significance of V312F locus polymorphism of PCSK9 gene in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods We selected 3560 patients with coronary heart disease who came to our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016 as the case group.They were divided into 5 subgroups:angina group,myocardial infarction group,silent myocardial ischemia group,ischemic cardiomyopathy group,and sudden death group,according to their anatomic and pathophysiological features.Data of 1 000 people for physical examination served as the control group.PCR assay combined with direct sequencing method was applied to test V312F locus polymorphism of PCSK9 gene.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationship between V312F locus polymorphism of PCSK9 gene and types of coronary heart disease.The concentration of serum PCSK9 and lipids of the two groups were also measured.Results The serum levels of PCSK9,TC,TG and LDLC and ratio of positive family history in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group,while the level of HDLC was lower than that of the controls (all P＜0.05).Indexes of sudden death subgroup in the case group showed the most significant changes,while asymptomatic myocardial ischemia subgroup showed the weakest changes.The frequency of genotype TT,GT and allele T in the case group was 3.4％,16.6％ and 11.7％,respectively,which was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.1％,10.2％ and 6.2％) (all P＜0.01).The highest frequency of genotype TT,GT and allele T was found in sudden death subgroup,and the lowest frequency of these indexes was found in asymptomatic myocardial ischemia subgroup (P＜0.05).Results of Logistic regression analysis showed that genotype TT in V312F locus of PCSK9 gene was related to the severity of coronary heart disease (OR =8.463,95％ CI from 3.505 to 17.854,P＜0.001).Conclusion The mutation of V312F (T/G)locus of PCSK9 gene might be related to the severity of coronary heart disease.