Age changes of the mandibular angle of 406 Chinese specimens were studied. It is concluded that the mandibular angle decreases from the childhood to the adult, but there is no remarkable change at old age. The mean angle of the female is 2.9?to 5.3?larger than in the male. The angle on both sides is not equal in 90% of cases, and the difference reaches 3～10?in roughly 40% of cases. The changes of the angle are related to the function of the mastication and the growth of the mandible.

The sagittal and transverse diameters of spinal canal were measured from 344 cases including dry specimens,preserved vertebral colomns and X-ray films.Based on these data several conclusions have been drawn. (1)The morphology of spinal canal is consistent with the external feature of spinal cord. (2)The mean values of various measurement of cervical(C),thoracic(T),and lumbar(L)vertebrae of spinal canal in dry specimens are as follows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) C T L C T L Male 23.6 16.7 23.4 14.4 14.9 16.5 Eemale 23.1 16.1 22.4 13.7 14.2 16.0 (3)The mean values of measurement of spinal canal in X-ray films are as fol- lows: Transverse diameter(mm.) Sagittal diameter(mm.) L C L Male 27.8 16.5 19.8 Female 27.0 15.7 19.1 The data measured from X-ray films are approximately 20% larger than those from the actual specimens. (4)The ratio between the sagittal diameters of the cervical canal and vertebral body is 80～90% in male and 90～100% in female.The normal ratio between the products of sagittal and transverse diameters of the lumbar spinal canal and of the vertebral body is 1:4.Ratios lower than this value is considered to denote a diagnostic significance for spinal stenosis.

1.The sagittal and transverse diameters of 1,456 transverse foramina in 728cervical vertebrae were measured.The data are as follows:transverse diameter(mm) sagittal diameter (mm)Left Right Left RightMale(702 cases) 6.0?1.0 5.9?1.1 5.4?1.2 5.3?1.1Female(754 cases) 5.9?1.0 5.8?1.1 5.3?1.1 5.1?1.12.Among the 710 transverse foramina of 357 cervical vertebrae observed,mostof them are of the elliptical type.3.19.3% of double transverse foramen were found in 710 transverse foraminawhich were mostly encountered at the 6 th cervical vertebra.4.The mean value of the external diameter of the cervical part of the vertebralartery is 4?0.7mm.in 40 sides of specimens.5.63.1% of the vertebral artery in the 710 transverse foramina were foundmedial to its accompanying vein.6.According to the relationship between the sagittal(X_1)and transversediameter(X_2)of the transverse foramen and the diameter(Y)of the vertebralartery,a formula,(?)=1.859+0.172 X_1+0.24 X_2,of multiple regression was formulatedThus,the estimated diameter of the vertebral artery from the sagittal diameter X_1and transverse diameter X_2 of the transverse foramen could be obtained and it maybe helpful for clinical practice.7.In case of arthrosis,the vertebral artery could be compressed by the unco-vertebral joint which are found mostly at the level of the 4～5th cervicalvertebrae.

AIM: To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) on proinflammatory factors induced-multiple organ dysfunction in rats with sepsis. METHODS: Sixty four male Wastar rats were used to develop the sepsis model by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=16 in each group): CLP+EA (CLP/EA), CLP+sham EA (CLP/SEA), vagotomy+ CLP+SEA (VA/CLP/SEA) and vagotomy+CLP+EA (VA/CLP/EA). Zusanli point (ST36) was electroacupunctured with constant voltage (2-100 Hz, 2 mA for 0.5 h) 20 min after CLP surgery. Bilateral cervical vagotomies were performed in rats in VA/CL/SEA and VA/CLP/EA groups. Twelve hours after CLP, animals were sacrificed and liver, kidney and jejunum were harvested for evaluating the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and diamine oxidase (DAO). The rate of water content (WCR) of the organs was determined. At the same time, the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) in each group were also detected. RESULTS: The levels of ALT and Cr in plasma, as well as TNF-α, MPO and WCR in organ tissues were markedly lower, and the activity of DAO in jejunum tissue was obviously higher than that in CLP/SEA group at 12 h after CLP (all P<0.05). The levels of ALT, Cr, TNF-α, MPO and WCR in VA/CLP/SEA group and VA/CLP/EA group were significantly higher, the activity of DAO was obviously lower than that in CLP/SEA group (all P<0.05). No statistical difference in all above measurements between VA/CLP/EA group and VA/CLP/SEA) group was observed (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that EA at Zusanli point obviously decreases the levels of TNF-α in liver, kidney and jejunum tissues after CLP, and alleviates the tissue edema and dysfunction of those organs. Vagotomy decreases or eliminates the effects of EA, suggesting that activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is one of the main mechanisms to induce the effects of EA at ST36 on CLP sepsis.

Objective:To screen the ectodysplasin A (EDA)gene mutation in the patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and ectodermal dysplasia,and to analyze the phenotype of missing teeth pattern in these two groups of patients.Methods:In the study,174 patients with tooth agenesis (143:non-syn-dromic,31:ectodermal dysplasia)and 451 health control volunteers were enrolled from the clinic,and the genome DNA was extracted from either peripheral blood or oral mucosal swab.The coding region of EDA gene was then amplified by PCR,sequenced and blasted to online NCBI database.The missing teeth were recorded for all patients,and the missing teeth from patients with EDA mutation were com-pared among the different dentition sites.Results:33 patients were identified with EDA mutation.In the non-syndromic patients,13 /143(9.09%)were identified with EDA mutation,while in patients with ec-todermal dysplasia,20 /31 (64.52%)were found with EDA mutation.Ten novel EDA mutations were identified (c.769G >C[p.G257R],c.936C >G[p.I312M],c.223G >A[p.E75K],c.1166C >T[p. P389L],c.133G >C[p.G45R],c.1109G >A[p.E370K],c.914G >T[p.S305I],c.916C >T[p. Q306X],c.602G >T[p.G201V],c.88 -89insG[p.A30GfsX69]).For each dentition site there was no statistic difference in the number of missing teeth between the left and right sides,so the number from both sides were combined later in the analysis.In the patients with EDA mutation,the non-syndromic pa-tients had fewer missing teeth (15.9 ±6.4 missing teeth for each,207 /364 in total)than the patients with ectodermal dysplasia (23.9 ±4.3,478 /560).In the non-syndromic patients with EDA mutation, the maxillay central incisors and first molars were less affected,with the same missing rate as 19.2% (5 /26).While the mandibular central incisors (with a missing rate of 76.9%,20 /26),the maxillary late-ral incisors (the missing rate:88.5%,23 /26 ),the mandibular lateral incisors (the missing rate:80.8%,21 /26),and the maxillary first premolars (the missing rate:80.8%,21 /26)were more likely to be missing.In the ectodermal dysplasia patients with EDA mutation,only maxillary central incisors (the missing rate:60%,24 /40),maxillary canines (the missing rate:70%,28 /40),mandibular ca-nines (the missing rate:67.5%,27 /40),maxillary first molars (the missing rate:65%,26 /40)and mandibular first molars (the missing rate:72.5%,29 /40)had higher possibility of persistence.Teeth at other dentition sites were more likely to be affected (the minimum missing rate:87.5%,35 /40). Conclusion:The findings would help to reveal the EDA gene and its function in ectodermal organogene-sis.

Objective To explore the predictive value of inflammatory markers for stroke-associated pneumonia(SAP)in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)based on the nomogram model.Methods According to whether pneumonia occurred,259 AIS patients were divided into SAP group(81 cases)and non-SAP group(178 cases).The clinical data of the two groups were compared.The systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI),systemic immunoinflammatory index(SII)and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)were calculated according to the formula.The variables with statistically significant differences were included in the multivariate binary Logistic regression model to screen out the independent risk factors for SAP in AIS patients.The independent risk factors were used to construct a predictive model,and the predictive ability of the two models,which only included traditional factors and included inflammatory indicators at the same time,was further compared from the aspects of discrimination,calibration,clinical practicability and so on.Reclassification analysis was used to evaluate the extent to which the nomogram model improved the predictive value of SAP risk in AIS patients.Results Compared with those in the non-SAP group,the rates of smoking,diabetes,dysphagia,leukocytes,neutrophils,lymphocytes,triglyceride level,NIHSS score on admission,SIRI,SII and NLR were significantly increased in the SAP group,and the rate of hypertension was decreased(all P＜0.05).Diabetes mellitus(OR =2.505,95%CI:1.070-5.850,P =0.034),dysphagia(OR =3.492,95%CI:1.501-8.119,P =0.004),NIHSS score on admission(OR = 1.310,95%CI:1.188-1.446,P＜0.001),SIRI(OR =2.417,95%CI:1.327-4.401,P =0.008),NLR(OR =1.434,95%CI:1.101-1.860,P =0.007)were independent risk factors for SAP in AIS patients.The area under the curve was 0.788(95%CI:0.725-0.852,P＜0.001)for the prediction model without inflammatory factors and 0.884(95%CI:0.838-0.930,P＜0.001)for the prediction model with independent risk factors.The calibration curve showed a good consistency between the predicted risk and the observed results.The decision curve showed that the model had a significant net benefit for predicting SAP.In addition,by calculating the net reclassification index(NRI)and the comprehensive discriminant improvement index(IDI),it was found that the nomogram model had a significant improvement in predicting the risk of SAP in AIS patients.Internal verification also proves the reliability of the nomogram model.Conclusions SIRI and NLR are independent predictors of SAP in AIS patients on admission.Adding SIRI and NLR to the traditional model can significantly improve the ability to identify the risk of SAP occurrence in AIS patients.

AIK is a novel cationic peptide with potential antitumor activity. In order to construct the AIK expression vector by Gateway technology, and establish an optimal expression and purification method for recombinant AIK, a set of primers containing AttB sites were designed and used to create the AttB-TEV-FLAG-AIR fusion gene by overlapping PCR. The resulting fusion gene was cloned into the donor vector pDONR223 by attB and attP mediated recombination (BP reaction), then, transferred into the destination vector pDESTl 5 by attL and attR mediated recombination (LR reaction). All the cloning was verified by both colony PCR and DNA sequencing. The BL21 F. coli transformed by the GST-AIR expression plasmid was used to express the GST-AIK fusion protein with IPTG induction and the induction conditions were optimized. GST-AIR fusion protein was purified by glutathione magnetic beads, followed by rTEV cleavage to remove GST tag and MTS assay to test the growth inhibition activity of the recombinant AIR on human leukemia HL-60 cells. We found that a high level of soluble expression of GST-AIK protein (more than 30% out of the total bacterial proteins) was achieved upon 0.1 mmol/L ITPG induction for 4 h at 37 °C in the transformed BL21 F. coli with starting OD₆₀₀ at 1.0. Through GST affinity purification and rTEV cleavage, the purity of the resulting recombinant AIK was greater than 95%. And the MTS assays on HL-60 cells confirmed that the recombinant AIK retains an antitumor activity at a level similar to the chemically synthesized AIK. Taken together, we have established a method for expression and purification of recombinant AIK with a potent activity against tumor cells, which will be beneficial for the large-scale production and application of recombinant AIK in the future.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; biosynthesis ; Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective:To compare the effects of three heating methods on intraoperative temperature and postoperative resuscitation in patients undergoing three-incision radical resection of esophageal cancer under full endoscope.Methods:A total of 145 patients undergoing endoscopic three-incision radical resection of esophageal cancer were randomized to receive forced-air warming respectively on the under-body blanket(UB group, n=48), over-body blanket (OB group, n=48), underbody blanket in combination with over-body blanket(Combined group, n=49). The nasopharyngeal temperature were recorded at the time of entering the operating room, at the beginning of the intubation, at the beginning of the operation and every 30min after the operation, at the end of the operation. The incidence of hypothermia, hypothermia related adverse reactions and postoperative resuscitation indicators of the three groups were compared. Results:During the operation, the patients' temperature fluctuation showed two processes of decrease and two processes of increase. The temperature of Combined group showed a lower fall and a faster rise. The average temperature of the Combined group were higher than the other two group at each time point from the beginning of the intubation, the incidence of hypothermia was 4.08% (2/49), which was lower than the OB group [22.92% (11/48)] and the UB group [18.75% (9/48)], The difference was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 7.397, P=0.025). The temperature of the UB group was (36.52±0.18),(36.31±0.35)℃ at the beginning of intubation and at the end of the operation, respectively, which were higher than that of the OB group (36.44±0.15),(36.13±0.32)℃ ( t value was 2.393, 3.723, P < 0.05). The temperature comfort score of the combined group was 7.81±0.52, higher than that of the other two groups ( F value was 19.962, P<0.01), and the scores of chills, agitation and chills in the recovery period were lower than that of the other two groups ( F value was 8.186, 6.705, 4.051, all P < 0.05). The extubation time and the waking time of the combined group was (15.90±2.97)min, (31.47±4.42)min, respectively, which were both lower than those of the other two groups ( F value was 69.094, 114.549, P < 0.01). Conclusions:In endoscopic three-incision radical resection of esophageal cancer, combined heating makes the patients' temperature rise rapidly to offset the loss of heat, which is conducive to maintain a stable temperature. At the same time, the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, postoperative chills and agitation is reduced, the temperature comfort of patients is improved, the extubation time and waking time are shortened, which is conducive to promote postoperative recovery of patients, thus reduce postoperative hypothermia related complications.

OBJECTIVETo report clinical and laboratory features of 4 cases of myeloid neoplasm with t (5;12) (q33;p13).

METHODSCytogenetic examination of bone marrow cells obtained from patients was performed by 24 h culture method. R banding technical was used for karyotype analysis. PDGFRβ gene rearrangement was detected by FISH using dual color break apart PDGFRβ probe. ETV6-PDGFRβ fusion genes were detected by multiple-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Direct sequencing analysis was performed on the PCR products in case 1. Immunophenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Four cases were treated with imatinib (IM) and followed up.

RESULTSThe diagnoses included 3 MPN and 1 AML-M2. The t (5;12) (q33;p13) was a primary abnormality in 3 cases of MPN and a secondary abnormality in 1 case of AML-M2. PDGFRβ gene rearrangement and ETV6-PDGFRβ fusion genes were detected by FISH and multiple-RT-PCR in 4 cases, respectively. The immunophenotypical analysis of leukemia cells showed positive for CD13, CD33 and CD34. Two cases obtained MMR after the treatment of IM, one case complete hematologic and complete cytogenetic response. ETV6-PDGFRβ was negative detected by multiple-RT-PCR after the treatment of IM, but relapsed and died soon in case 4.

CONCLUSIONSThe t (5;12) myeloid neoplasm was a subtype with unique features. The t (5;12) maybe a primary chromosome abnormality in MPN and a secondary in AML. MPN with t (5;12) could benefit from IM, but not for AML. Dual-FISH was a reliable tool for detecting PDGFRβ rearrangement.

Chromosome Banding ; Gene Rearrangement ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Remission Induction ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic

Objective: To study the value of unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide oligodeoxynucleotide (DSP30) and IL-2 in the conventional cytogenetic (CA) detection of the chromosomal aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) . Methods: Bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of CLL patients were cultured with DSP30 plus IL-2 for 72 h, following which R-banding analysis was conducted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed in 85 patients. CA results were compared with data obtained by FISH. Results: Among 89 CLL patients, the success rate of chromosome analysis was 94.38% (84/89) . Clonal aberrations were detected in 51 patients (51/84, 60.71%) . Of them, 27 (27/51, 52.94%) were complex karyotype. Among 85 CLL patients tested by FISH, chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 74 (74/85, 87.06%) patients, of which 2 (2/74) patients were complex karyotypes, accounting for 2.70%. Of the 85 CLL patients examined by FISH, 50 had abnormal karyotype analysis, 30 had normal karyotype, 5 failed to have chromosome analysis. Among them, 25 cases showed clonal aberrations by FISH assay but normal by CA, and 4 cases were normal by FISH but displayed aberrations in chromosome analysis, and totally 78 (91.76%) cases with abnormality detected by the combination of the two methods. The frequency of 13q- abnormality detected by FISH was significantly higher than that by CA analysis (69.41%vs 16.67%, P<0.001) , while the frequency of 11q-,+12 and 17p- detected by two methods showed no significant difference (P>0.05) . The detection rate of complex abnormalities in conventional karyotype analysis was higher than that in FISH (50.98%vs 2.70%) . In addition, 11 low-risk and 9 intermediate-risk patients according to FISH results showed complex karyotype by cytogenetics, and were classified into high-risk cytogenetic subgroup. Conclusion DSP30 and IL-2 are effective in improving the detection rate of CA in CLL patients (60.71%) and CA is more effective to detect complex karyotype. However, FISH had a higher overall abnormality detection rate (87.06%) than CA, especially for 13q-. The combination of CA and FISH not only enhanced the detection rate of clonal aberrations to 91.76%, but also provided more precise prognosis stratification for CLL patients, thus to provide more information for clinical implication.