Objective To investigate the protective effect of nimodipine on neuron of the rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2,and to clarify their mechanisms.Methods The focal cerebral-ischemia reperfusion model was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation,model,and nimodipine groups(n=10).The neurological deficit score was performed after 2 h ischemia following 2 h reperfusion.The infarction was observed by TUNEL staining and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by SP immunohistochemistry method. Results Compared with model group, the number of apoptotic cells of the rats in nimodipine group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the expression of Bax was significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the Bcl-2 expression was increased significantly(P<0.05).The morphological examination showed that the neurons of the rats in model group had serious necrosis and edema while the number of dead cells in nimodipine treatment group was reduced and the edema was improved.Conclusion Nimodipine has a protective effect on brain tissue of the rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inj ury, which is closely related to the down-regulation of Bax and up-regulation of Bcl-2 and inhibition of the apoptosis of neuron.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of herbs by internal and external administration combined with semiconductor laser irradiation in the treatment of chronic eczema.Methods Eighty-six patients with chronic eczema were divided into the herb group and the laser group by the randomized digital table,43 patients in each group.The patients in the herb group received oral administration with Chinese herbs together with application of herbs on the affected foci.The patients in the laser group received the same treatment as in the herb group and meanwhile treated with additional semiconductor laser therapy.The clinical effects were evaluated according to their itch degree and skin lesions.Result The cure rate and total effective rate were both significantly higher in the laser group than those in the herb group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with herbal internal and external administration only,the clinical efficacy of herbal internal and external administration combined with semiconductor laser irradiation is more effective in the treatment of chronic eczema.

PurposeTo investigate the role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of focal liver lesions (FLL).Materials and Methods T2WI, dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) and DWI (b=100 s/mm2 and 600 s/mm2 respectively) were performed in 205 patients with 310 FLLs. All images were read by two reviewers to determine the detection of FLLs and score the confidence. The consistency of the results given by the two reviewers was evaluated. The confidence scores between different sequences and the detection rate of different sequences were also compared.Results The consistency of the two reviewers was excellent or good in T2WI, high b value DWI, low b value DWI, and DCE (Kappa=0.71, 0.85, 0.82 and 0.64,P<0.05). As to the confidence score of lesion detection, high b value DWI and low b value DWI were both significantly higher than T2WI (P<0.01), but both were lower than DCE (P<0.01). DWI yielded higher score and detection rate for detecting FLLs than T2WI (86.5%vs. 70.3%,P<0.01), but lower than DCE (91.6%,P<0.05). For small malignant lesions (≤2 cm in diameter), DWI showed similar detection rate with DCE (P>0.05), but higher than T2WI (P<0.01). The combination of DWI and DCE detected more small malignant lesions than DWI or DCE alone (P<0.01).Conclusion DWI can detect more FLLs than T2WI, and can help DCE detect small malignant FLLs. Therefore DWI is suggested to be included in the routine protocol of liver MRI examination.

Objective:To discuss the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,and treatment of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome(SDS),and to enhance the clinicians'awareness of the disease.Methods:The clinical materials of one patient diagnosed with SDS,primarily presented with neutropenia and elevated transaminase levels,confirmed by genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestations,genetic features,diagnosis,and treatment methods of SDS were analyzed complemented with the relevant literatures.Results:This patient was a male child,aged 27 months.His initial clinical presentations were neutropenia and elevated transaminase levels.The patient had previously experienced diarrhea when the patient was 3 months old,which improved after treated with oral pancreatic enzyme dispersion.Over the past six months,the patient had recurrent respiratory infections.Upon admission,the examination results showed there was dental enamel hypoplasia,and the imaging results showed the abnormal bone density in the long bones of the limbs.The genetic sequencing results showed a homozygous mutation in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome(SBDS)gene(c.258+2T>C).During hospitalization,the patient received the hepatoprotective care and granulocyte augmentation supportive treatment,leading to an improvement in his condition,and the patient was discharged.During a one-year follow-up,the patient's condition was stable.Conclusion:The typical presentation of the SDS patient includes diarrhea,liver function abnormalities,hematologic abnormalities,and skeletal anomalies,particularly neutropenia;there may also be developmental delays and involvement of the heart,liver,central nervous system,skeleton,and immune system.The genetic testing of suspected children is crucial,and it can aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of SDS patients.

Objective To investigate the change of endomucin(EMCN) expression in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its protective role in neurons apoptosis.Methods Fifty-six clean SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,including normal control group with intravitreal injection of normal saline,diabetes mellitus (DM) group with intravitreal injection of normal saline,EMCN transfection group with intravitreal injection of adenovirus associated virus(AAV)-EMCN and mCherry transfection group with intravitreal injection of AAV-mCherry,14 rats for each group.Intravitreal injection was performed 2 weeks before diabetes modeling.Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of EMCN and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt)/Akt.Flat-mounted retinas were performed to test the transfection efficiency.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to examine the morphology of retinal tissue.The expression of cleaved caspase-3 in retinas of rats was assayed by immunofluorescence.The retinal apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL.The use and care of the rats followed the ARVO Statement.Results The levels of fasting plasma glucose were significantly higher in the DM group,EMCN transfection group and mCherry transfection group than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.001).The expression of EMCN protein at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after modeling in the DM group were significantly lower than that in the normal control group (t=3.71,P＜0.05;t =10.09,P＜0.001).The mCherry transfection group was strongly expressed red fluorescence,the expression of EMCN was significantly lower in retinal tissue of DM group than that in the normal control group (t=13.67,P＜0.001).The expression of EMCN was notably upregulated in retinas of EMCN transfection group,comparing with that of DM group (t =3.18,P＜0.05).The expression of EMCN in mCherry transfection group was similar to that in the DM group (t =2.31,P=0.08).Initial morphologic degenerative changes were found in the DM group and mCherry transfection group,such as inter limiting membrane (ILM) was thicken,the number of RGCs was decreased,and the cells in outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) arranged irregularly.The histologic change of retinas in the EMCN transfection group was milder than that in the DM group.The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was upregulated in INL of DM group and mCherry transfection group,compared with that in the normal control group.Compared with the normal control group,the number of TUNEL-positive cells noticeably increased in the ONL of DM group and mCherry transfection group,and the number of TUNEL-positive cells markedly reduced in the EMCN transfection group.The relative expression of p-Akt/Akt was significantly lower in the retinal tissue of DM group than that in the normal control group (t =5.52,P＜0.01).However,the relative expression of p-Akt/Akt was notably upregulated in retinas of EMCN transfection group,compared with that in the DM group (t=3.14,P＜0.05).The relative expression of p-Akt/Akt in mCherry transfection group was similar to that in the DM group (t =0.81,P =0.46).Conclusions The overexpression of EMCN can protect diabetic retinas neurons from apoptosis,and its mechanism maybe associated with activation of Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To quantify the setup errors for the different anatomical sites of patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with linear accelerator on-board kilovolt fan beam CT(kV-FBCT) as non-isocenter IGRT and megavolt cone beam CT (MV-CBCT) as isocenter IGRT. Methods A retrospective analysis was performedon 70 patients who underwent radiotherapy, kV-FBCT, and/or MV-CBCT scans after each routine setup prior to IMRT. The average displacement (M), systematic error (Σ), and random error (б) at different treatment sites in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and cranial-caudal directions were calculated according to the individual displacements. The formula 2.5Σ+0.7б was used to estimate the PTV margin in respective direction. For each single patient, the root mean square in three directions was used as 3D displacement. Results A total of 1130 displacements were recorded in the 70 patients. The PTV margin was estimated to be 1.9-3.1 mm in head and neck cancer, 2.8-5.1 mm in thoracic cancer, 4.6-5.1 mm in breast cancer, 3.0-5.5 mm in upper abdominal cancer, and 3.5-6.8 mm in pelvic tumor. For the 3D mean displacements, the head and neck, thoracic, breast, upper abdominal, and pelvic cancer were 2.4±1.0, 4.0±1.6, 4.1±2.0, 4.6±2.1, and 4.6±2.1 mm, respectively. The average 3D displacement obtained by kV-FBCT and MV-CBCT were 4.1 and 3.4 mm, respectively (P=0.212). Conclusion The quantitative setup-error data can be obtained using linear accelerator on-board FBCT, and the non-isocenter IGRT induced set-up error cannot be negligible.