Objective:To develop an LC-MS/ MS method for the analysis of 17 memory-enhancing drugs illegally added in tradi-tional Chinese medicines(TCM)and health foods. Methods:The method involved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS),and the separation was conducted on an Eclipse XDB C18 column(100 mm × 3. 0 mm,1. 8 μm). The 17 memory-en-hancing drugs illegally added in traditional Chinese medicines and health foods were analyzed by LC-MS/ MS with electrospray ioniza-tion(ESI)and multiple reactions monitoring(MRM). Results:A fast LC-MS/ MS method for the simultaneous screening of 17 illegal-ly added chemical components was described with the LOD below 10 ng·ml - 1 . Conclusion:The method is selective and sensitive in the detection of memory-enhancing drugs illegally added in traditional Chinese medicines and health foods.

Objective:To study the feasibility of the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in Tongxuan Lifei pills by acceler-ated solvent extraction ( ASE) combined with QuEChERS purification, and compare the results with those of the extraction method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods: The extraction efficiency of ephedrine hydrochloride in Tongxuan Lifei pills determined by HPLC was used as the evaluation index, and the operation parameters of ASE were optimized by orthogonal experiments. Results: The opti-mum conditions of ASE for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in Tongxuan Lifei pills were as follows:the samples were defat-ted by n-hexane ( the extraction temperature was 80℃, the static extraction time was 5 min for one cycle, and the flush volume was 100%. ) ,and then methanol was used as the extraction solvent for the extraction of ephedrine hydrochloride ( the extraction temperature was 80℃,the static extraction time was 8 min for three cycles) ,in the end, the impurities were purified by PSA purifying agent. Using the optimized ASE method to extract ephedrine hydrochloride in Tongxuan Lifei pills, the extraction time was reduced to 40 minutes with less interference, and compared with that of the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the determination of the relative standard devi-ation was less than 5%. Conclusion:The ASE technique combined with QuEChERS purification is simple, quick and effective,and it can be used as the pretreatment method for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride in Tongxuan Lifei pills.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacies for pure galactoma by injecting absolute ethanol compared with the pure pouch cavity puncture separately pulls out the fluid law.Methods Patients of pure galactoma examined by ultrasonography were divided into two groups from March of 2005 to February of 2007 in mammary gland special clinic of our hospital.Absolute ethanol jet method and the pure pouch cavity puncture separately pulls out the fluid law were given respectively and the effect was evaluated within one year after operation.Results Of 89 cases pure galactoma using absolute ethanol jet method,71cases(79.78%)were convalesced,15cases(16.85%)were effective and 3 cases(3.37%)were noneffective.The effectiveness was 96.63 %.Of 86 cases using pure pouch cavity puncture separately pulls out the fluid law,44cases(51.16%)were convalesced,33 cases(38.37%)were effective and 9 cases(10.47%)were noneffective.The effectiveness was 89.53%.The cured rates of two groups had significant difference through chi-square test,?2=15.38,P

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and risk factors of lymph node metastasis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs).Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 467 patients with GI-NENs who were admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2006 to December 2015 were collected.Observation indicators:(1) occurrence sites and pathological classification of GI-NENs;(2) pathological characteristics of surgical specimens of GI-NENs;(3) univariate analysis and multivariate analysis affecting lymph node metastasis of GI-NENs:sex,age,tumor location,tumor diameter,pathological classification,pathological stage and tumor invasive depth.The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done using the chi-square test and Logistic regression model.Results (1) Occurrence sites and pathological classification of GI-NENs:of 467 patients with GI-NENs,tumors of 304,15,7,14 and 127 patients were located at stomach,duodenum,small intestine,colon and rectum,respectively.Tumor diameter was 0.3-12.0 cm,with an average diameter of 2.2 cm.Of 467 patients with GI-NENs,G1 and G2 of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs),G3 of neumendocfine carcinomas (NECs) and mixed adenoneuroendocfine carcinomas (MANECs) were respectively detected in 209,64,146 and 48 patients.Lymph node metastasis rate of GI-NENs was 31.48％ (147/467).(2) Pathological characteristics of surgical specimens of GI-NENs:NETs were high-differentiated NENs.Ceils of NETs were solid and nest-,trabeculum-and tubular-shaped,and consisted of small or medium cells,with moderate amount or massive cytoplasms,round or oval nucleus,particle-shaped chromatin,unobvious nucleolus and positive endocrine markers.There were abundant of small blood vessels and surrounding fibrous stroma in peripheral tumor cell nests.NECs were low-differentiated NENs and included small cell carcinoma and large cell NEC.Cells of small cell carcinoma were small round or oval and looked similar to lymphocytes,with few amount cytoplasms,fine granularshaped or hyperchromatic nucleus and common mitosis figures.Cells of large cell NEC were large and greater than 3 lymphocytes,arrayed in organoid-or chrysanthemum-shape,with massive cytoplasms,coarse particle-shaped chromatin,obvious nucleus,clear mitosis figures and large laminar-shaped necrosis.There were different positive expressions of endocrine markers between small cell carcinoma and large cell NEC.MANECs had the characteristics of glandular cavity formation of traditional adenocarcinoma and NENs.Results of immunohistochemical staining in 467 patients showed that Ki-67 of 467 patients was positive;CD56 in 379 of 428 with CD56 test was positive;synaptophysin (Syn) in 416 of 422 with Syn test was positive;cytokeratin (CK) in 354 of 396 with CK test was positive;chromogranin (CgA)in 264 of 388 with CgA test was positive;neuron specific enolase (NSE) in 287 of 346 with NSE test was positive.(3) Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis affecting lymph node metastasis of GI-NENs:results of univariate analysis showed that sex,tumor location,tumor diameter,pathological classification,pathological satge and tumor invasive depth were related factors affecting lymph node metastasis of patients with GI-NENs (X2 =20.654,18.182,26.788,184.709,163.738,195.391,P＜ 0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that pathological classification and pathological stage were independent influenced factors affecting lymph node metastasis of patients with GI-NENs (HR =2.129,7.171,95％ confidence interval:1.273-3.561,-2.327-22.098,P＜0.05).Conclusions GI-NENs are mostly located on the stomach and rectum.Results of immunohistochenical staining could help diagnosis of GI-NENs.Pathological classification and pathological stage are independent influenced factors affecting lymph node metastasis of patients with GI-NENs.

Objective To observe and evaluate the location of the three compartments of the pelvic floor organ and levator hiatus area in the postpartum women by transperineal real time three-dimensional ultrasound.Methods Sixty eases of maternal with the matching age and body mass index (BMI;postpartum group) and 35 non-fertile women (control group)were selected.The distance between the lower edge and the reference line was measured by the transperineal ultrasound at rest and Valsalva movement in the lowest point of bladder,cervix and rectum.Meanwhile,the area of levator hiatus under Valsalva action was measured by real time 3-dimensional ultrasound.The differences were compared between two groups.Results In the postpartum group,the lowest point of the bladder and cervix was lower than the control group at rest and Valsalva movemen (both P＜0.05).Rectum location in the rest state difference between the two groups had no statistical significance (t=0.405,P =0.398).The area of the levator hiatus of the postpartum group was significantly larger than that of the control group at the rest and Valsalva movement (t=11.253,9.625,P＜0.001).Conclusion Transperineal real time 3-dimensional ultrasound can dynamically observe the position,movement of pelvic floor organ and the area of levator hiatusin of the female.To evaluate the pregnancy and childbirth have obvious effect on the pelvic floor support tissues.

Objective:To design the small ubiquitin modification-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (SUMO-FGFR4) fusion gene and construct the expression vector pET22b-SUMO-FGFR4, to optimize the expression conditions. Methods:The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion gene was obtained by Overlap PCR and was connected to pET22b;the recombinant expression vector pET22b-SUMO-FGFR4 was obtained. The influence of lactose concentration, induction time,induction temperature,induction point and adding mode of lactose in the expression levels was observed,and the best induction condition was determined; then the solubility of recombinant protein was analyzed.Results:The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion protein was highly expressed,the molecular weight of the fusion protein was about 40 000 and it could bind with FGFR4 specific antibody.When the lactose concentration was 1.0 g·L-1 ,the induction time was 3 h,the induction temperature was 37℃,the value of A (600)was 0.8,the expression level was highest;but adding mode of lactose had no remarkable effect on the protein expression.The expression level of recombinant protein induced by lactose was higher than IPTG.SUMO-FGFR4 protein existed in a form of inclusion body.Conclusion:The SUMO-FGFR4 fusion protein is expressed successfully in this study while lactose is used as inducer and the best expression conditions are confirmed.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of programmed death ligand 1（PD-L1）in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its correlation with angiogenesis. Methods: 120 cases of TNBC patients who underwent surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 1, 2011 to June 1, 2012 were collected. The tumor tissues of patients were surgically resected and confirmed by pathology. PD-L1 protein expression in TNBC tissues of 120 patients was detected by tissue microarray combined with immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with various clinical indicators was analyzed. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were labeled withCD34andD2-40todetectmicrovesseldensity(MVD)andlymphaticvesseldensity(LVD)inTNBC.Results:Thepositiveexpression rate of PD-L1 in the tumor cells and interstitial infiltrating lymphocytes fromTNBC was 56.7% (68/120); No correlation was found between PD-L1 protein expression and the gender, age, histological grade, clinical stage, or tumor size of patients with TNBC (P>0.05), but related to the lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and vascular thrombus (P<0.05). TNBC with high PD-L1 expression exhibited high incidence of lymph node metastasis and formation of vascular thrombus, and the expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.500, P=0.02) as well as LVD (r=0.662, P=0.01). Log-Rank test showed that the survival time of TNBC patients with positive PD-L1 protein expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis suggested that PD-L1 protein expression could be an independent prognostic factor for TNBC overall survival. Conclusion: PD-L1 plays an important role in TNBC angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and is closely related to TNBC invasion and metastasis; blocking PD1/PD-L1 signal pathway is expected to be an effective new strategy for TNBC treatment.

Abstract The health of children and adolescents is related to health and prosperity of a nation, but the current deteriorating health conditions of children and adolescents has become a global social problem. Based on basic guiding principles, Australia s National Action Plan for Children and Adolescent Health 2020-2030 proposes priority work areas and sets out corresponding safeguard measures.The action plan shows network based,dynamic and universal health coverage for adolescents. The experience of children and adolescents health promotion in Australia can provide theoretical and practical reference for China to establish a remote health service system for children and adolescents, improve parents health literacy, establish a health database, and build a collaborative health promotion system.

Objective To analyze the nutritional status of patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and explore reasonable and effective nursing measures.Methods Nutritional assessment was performed in 60 patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis,using subjective integrated nutritional assessment,dietary analysis,measurement of biochemical indexes of the human body to analyze the factors that might affect the nutritional status of patients.Results 60 cases of malnutrition occurrd in 20 patients (33.3per cent),mainly due to insufficient protein and energy intake,inadequate dialysis,peritoneal inflammation,metabolic acidosis,psychosocial factors and not using erythropoietin,and so on.Conclusions Measures such as emphasis paid to malnutrition status of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients,giving guidance of rational diet,performing full implementation of nursing measures according to the related factors,can improve the nutritional status of patients and improve patients' quality of life.

AIM: To elucidate the mechanism of arrhythmia in healed myocardial infarction (HMI), and to investigate the changes of action potential duration (APD),transient outward potassium current (I to ), delayed rectifier potassium current (I K) and inward rectifier potassium current (I K1 ) of left ventricular myocytes in noninfarcted zone of HMI. METHODS: 12 rabbits were randomly assigned in two groups: HMI group (thoracotomy and ligation of the circumflex coronary); sham-operated group (thoracotomy but no conorary ligation). 3 months after operation, whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record APD, I to , I K and I K1 of ventricular myocytes in non-infarcted zone. RESULTS: Membrane capacitance was larger in HMI group than that in sham-operated group. Action potential duration was lengthened significantly in HMI group and early after depolarization (EAD) appeared in HMI group. The densities of I to , I K,tail and I K1 were reduced significantly in HMI group (P